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figures - HAL
figures - HAL

... nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, the predicted RAX proteins lack the putative OAR (Otp,Aristaless,Rax) transactivation domain and are non functional (7). As this family left the country, DNA from the proband’s parents was unavailable and thus segregation analysis of these two mutations was impossible. ...
Evolution of RH Genes in Hominoids: Characterization of a Gorilla
Evolution of RH Genes in Hominoids: Characterization of a Gorilla

... The human Rh system encompasses five main antigens—D, C, c, E, and e—that are present on red blood cells ( Issitt and Anstee 1998). The term ‘‘Rhesus antigen’’ was introduced by Landsteiner and Wiener, who found that rabbits (and later, guinea pigs) immunized with red blood cells (RBCs) from a rhesu ...
Molecular Biology Fundamentals
Molecular Biology Fundamentals

... • The naming convention (5’ to 3’) is important because: – nucleic acids can only be synthesized in vivo in the 5'-to-3' direction – The relative positions of structures along a strand of nucleic acid, including genes and various protein binding sites, are usually noted as being either upstream (tow ...
You`re one in a googol: optimizing genes for protein expression
You`re one in a googol: optimizing genes for protein expression

... are now available for heterologous expression, offering flexibility for a variety of protein types and applications. For improved results, these systems can be further manipulated by changing environmental conditions such as temperature or media components, by changing the intracellular environment b ...
1. The figure below represents a water molecule. H O H Water
1. The figure below represents a water molecule. H O H Water

... the density of water decreases as the temperature falls below 4 °C so ice floats on the top of the pond it acts as a solvent for ions such as nitrates (NO3–) a large quantity of energy is required to raise the temperature of water by 1 °C. ...
BBSI Final Report
BBSI Final Report

... created by this cut will be inserted into pPV72 and the resultant plasmids used to test interference. The exact nature of this mutation will have to be determined using sequencing, though it is suspected that it was introduced during replication in DH5, since the two fragments were only obtainable ...
STPM 2011 - Soalan-Percubaan-STPM
STPM 2011 - Soalan-Percubaan-STPM

... statement best describes restriction enzymes? They are named according to their actions. They cut double-stranded DNA to produce blunt ends They cut double-stranded DNA at specific nucleotide sequences They are used in recombinant DNA technology to join two DNA fragments, ...
Linear and non-linear dependencies between copy number
Linear and non-linear dependencies between copy number

... breast cancer cell lines using aCGH reported that 44% of the highly amplified genes were over-expressed and 10.5% of the highly over-expressed genes were amplified. These genes include known oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets. Another early aCGH study on breast cancers [7] found that 62% of ...
Development of Zinc Finger Domains for Recognition of the 5
Development of Zinc Finger Domains for Recognition of the 5

... reactions contained 15 kcpm 32P-end-labeled ERBB-2 promoter fragment and 5 mM dithiothreitol, and the protein concentration was varied from 0.1 to 100 nM. Reactions were incubated at 4 °C for 12–18 h. Digestion of DNA was performed using DNase I (Roche Diagnostics) as has been described (34). Sample ...
Bubble dynamics in DNA
Bubble dynamics in DNA

... by pulling the DNA with optical tweezers [4]. In this way, the destabilizing activity of the ssDNA-binding T4 gene 32 protein has been probed, and a kinetic barrier for the single-strand binders identified [5]. Denaturation bubbles can also be induced by under-winding the DNA double helix [6]. A rec ...
DSHIFT: a web server for predicting DNA chemical shifts
DSHIFT: a web server for predicting DNA chemical shifts

... have been included in these prediction methods. To automate these prediction methods, a web server called ‘DSHIFT’ has been established for predicting DNA chemical shifts in this work. This web server is open access to everyone. Through entering a DNA sequence, random coil or double helical B-DNA ch ...
Chromatin: A sticky silence
Chromatin: A sticky silence

... increased, and this suppression correlates with a loss of association with the centromeric heterochromatin in interphase nuclei [4]. Conversely, chromosomal rearrangements that move bwD nearer to centric heterochromatin enhance the trans-inactivation of the wild-type bw+ allele. Furthermore, positio ...
Why Mitochondrial Genes are Most Often Found in Nuclei
Why Mitochondrial Genes are Most Often Found in Nuclei

... 1998). More to the point, an experimental system to study and quantify the transfer of sequences between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in the yeast S. cerevisiae has been developed by Thorsness and Fox (1990, 1993). Thorsness and his collaborators have used this system to study a number of mutan ...
Lesson 3: Can you taste PTC?
Lesson 3: Can you taste PTC?

... otypes and their phenotypes are not always 100%, as in the case of polygenic phenotypes or in‐ complete penetrance)?    4)  Ask student pairs to determine how they would test the rela onship between TAS2R38 genotype  and PTC phenotype among their fellow students.  What data would they collect?  How  ...
Microarrays - Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications
Microarrays - Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications

... four feet tall. A mutation is a permanent change in the genetic material, usually in a single gene that may be transmitted from one generation to the next. Learning which genes may be involved in genetic diseases like dwarfism has many possible benefits for people. Understanding how DNA functions is ...
Microbiology
Microbiology

... B-glucuronidase (GUS), expressed from a variety of promoters, both regulated and constitutive. The regulated promoters include the tac promoter which can be induced by IPTG, and nifH promoters which are symbiotically activated in legume nodules. One transposon contains gusA with a strong Shine-Dalga ...
Précis - Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders
Précis - Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders

... trait, indicating the presence of a multifactorial inheritance pattern, while other studies indicate a major autosomal dominant gene effect [8,9,10]. Even more, not all the linkage studies, which demonstrate that the inheritance pattern of idiopathic scoliosis is based on a major autosomal dominant ...
AllBio_DJK
AllBio_DJK

... • Cattle 5920 QTL from 330 papers ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... SopA and SopB acting in trans and SopC acting in cis in order to stabilize the plasmid likely through interaction with, unidentified at that time, cellular components. These authors also put in evidence that the combination SopA, SopB and SopC was not sufficient for a complete stabilization of mini- ...
Marwa Yahia Ahmed_o
Marwa Yahia Ahmed_o

... significantly higher in healthy 79-year-olds than in healthy 39-year-olds. The significance of this observation to the decline in immunity with increasing age remains to be evaluated. Interestingly, levels of IL-1Ra in amniotic fluids and urine of newborns were also shown to be significantly higher ...
The percentage of bacterial genes on leading versus
The percentage of bacterial genes on leading versus

... To check if our analysis covers the observation by Rocha and Danchin (5) that essential genes tend to be on the leading strands, we created an artificial functional category “essential genes”, and applied our analysis to all the essential genes in 13 bacterial genomes in the DEG database (23), which ...
Introduction to Copy Number Variation
Introduction to Copy Number Variation

... • Samples with high confidence values can sometimes deviate significantly from the mean copy number for the copy number subdistribution • For samples with confidence values greater than 95%, look at the z-score and accept or reject based on the following: ...
Sequence requirements for function of the
Sequence requirements for function of the

... gene loci (Asano and Wharton, 1999; Calvi et al., 1998; Royzman et al., 1999). The data demonstrate that Drosophila chorion gene amplification uses evolutionarily conserved machinery for initiation; however, some mechanism must exist to uniquely mark the chorion gene loci origins for activation duri ...
Your Genes, Your Choices
Your Genes, Your Choices

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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Helitron (biology)

A helitron is a transposon found in eukaryotes that is thought to replicate by a so-called ""rolling-circle"" mechanism. This category of transposons was discovered by Vladimir Kapitonov and Jerzy Jurka in 2001. The rolling-circle process begins with a break being made at the terminus of a single strand of the helitron DNA. Transposase then sits at this break and at another break where the helitron targets as a migration site. The strand is then displaced from its original location at the site of the break and attached to the target break, forming a circlular heteroduplex. This heteroduplex is then resolved into a flat piece of DNA via replication. During the rolling-circle process, DNA can be replicated beyond the initial helitron sequence, resulting in the flanking regions of DNA being ""captured"" by the helitron as it moves to a new location.
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