современные проблемы молекулярной биологии
... A. elongation B. splicing C. capping D. methylation 69. Which of the following serves as the principal initiation codon? A. AUC B. UGG C. UGA D. AUG E. AGU 70. Which site of ribosome accepts the incoming tRNA during protein sysnthesis ? A. P site B. A site C. E site D. neither (a) no (b) E. both (a) ...
... A. elongation B. splicing C. capping D. methylation 69. Which of the following serves as the principal initiation codon? A. AUC B. UGG C. UGA D. AUG E. AGU 70. Which site of ribosome accepts the incoming tRNA during protein sysnthesis ? A. P site B. A site C. E site D. neither (a) no (b) E. both (a) ...
a copy of the Sample Syllabus
... theme of the course will be the continuum of biological understanding, starting with basic properties of genes and genomes and extending to the complex, hierarchical interactions fundamental to living organisms. A comprehensive picture of the many ways molecular genetics is being applied to the anal ...
... theme of the course will be the continuum of biological understanding, starting with basic properties of genes and genomes and extending to the complex, hierarchical interactions fundamental to living organisms. A comprehensive picture of the many ways molecular genetics is being applied to the anal ...
1 - western undergrad. by the students, for the students.
... proliferation in the lung. Remarkably, you are able to show that this very unique transcription factor binds to the minor groove of the DNA double helix, as opposed to the major groove. As part of your experiments you are able to show that the transcription factor is able to bind to the sequence ATT ...
... proliferation in the lung. Remarkably, you are able to show that this very unique transcription factor binds to the minor groove of the DNA double helix, as opposed to the major groove. As part of your experiments you are able to show that the transcription factor is able to bind to the sequence ATT ...
(Genetics).
... Many people are allergic to substances in the environment. Of the many foods that contain allergens (allergyinducing substances), peanuts cause some of the most severe reactions. Mildly allergic people may only get hives. Highly allergic people can go into a form of shock. Some people die each year ...
... Many people are allergic to substances in the environment. Of the many foods that contain allergens (allergyinducing substances), peanuts cause some of the most severe reactions. Mildly allergic people may only get hives. Highly allergic people can go into a form of shock. Some people die each year ...
Biology 2
... • Prophase I – most complex. Accounts for 90% of meiosis. In a process called SYNAPSIS, homologous chromosomes (each composed of two sister chromatids) pair up. They form a structure called a TETRAD. Each TETRAD has four chromatids. During synapses, chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segm ...
... • Prophase I – most complex. Accounts for 90% of meiosis. In a process called SYNAPSIS, homologous chromosomes (each composed of two sister chromatids) pair up. They form a structure called a TETRAD. Each TETRAD has four chromatids. During synapses, chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segm ...
notes - Southington Public Schools
... How did they do it? In order to sequence genes, thousands of copies (clones) of the gene are needed. A technique called PCR (polymerase chain reaction) allowed machines to clone DNA. The process involves heating and cooling DNA fragments (to unwind them) and using DNA polymerase enzyme to induce nat ...
... How did they do it? In order to sequence genes, thousands of copies (clones) of the gene are needed. A technique called PCR (polymerase chain reaction) allowed machines to clone DNA. The process involves heating and cooling DNA fragments (to unwind them) and using DNA polymerase enzyme to induce nat ...
The Cellular Hullabaloo
... If only five mRNAs for a given cells normally use to keep event is up to chance.” protein are present in each cell, noise reined in, a phenom— Johan Paulsson then the creation or destruction of one or two extra can enon that may contribute to the gradual decrease in heart function with age. produce ...
... If only five mRNAs for a given cells normally use to keep event is up to chance.” protein are present in each cell, noise reined in, a phenom— Johan Paulsson then the creation or destruction of one or two extra can enon that may contribute to the gradual decrease in heart function with age. produce ...
How is coordinated DNA damage repair and control of mitotic
... investigations showed that conditional inactivation of Checkpoint protein 1 (Chk1) induce a premature entry into mitosis during unperturbed cell cycles, suggesting that (some) DDR pathways will control normal G2/M progression. Our main objective is to quantitatively analyze spatio-temporal regulatio ...
... investigations showed that conditional inactivation of Checkpoint protein 1 (Chk1) induce a premature entry into mitosis during unperturbed cell cycles, suggesting that (some) DDR pathways will control normal G2/M progression. Our main objective is to quantitatively analyze spatio-temporal regulatio ...
Lecture 25: Protein Synthesis
... Bacteria use a specialized initiator tRNA charged with a modified amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet). ...
... Bacteria use a specialized initiator tRNA charged with a modified amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet). ...
Chapter 20 Terms to Know
... A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that not only is separate from the chromosome, but can also replicate independently. ...
... A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that not only is separate from the chromosome, but can also replicate independently. ...
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/16/99 NAME
... 1. non-linked genes are passed simultaneously from one cell to another. 2. a bacterial cell receives two adjacent genes on a single piece of DNA from the medium. 3. two bacterial cells within a culture are transformed by the same genetic material. 4. it is not uncommon for the entire bacterial chrom ...
... 1. non-linked genes are passed simultaneously from one cell to another. 2. a bacterial cell receives two adjacent genes on a single piece of DNA from the medium. 3. two bacterial cells within a culture are transformed by the same genetic material. 4. it is not uncommon for the entire bacterial chrom ...
The Good, the bad and the ugly of Genetic Engineering
... • Giving cows extra copies of the growth hormone gene • Giving plants the gene that insects have to ward off other enemy insects • Giving mice the gene that jelly fish use to fluoresce ...
... • Giving cows extra copies of the growth hormone gene • Giving plants the gene that insects have to ward off other enemy insects • Giving mice the gene that jelly fish use to fluoresce ...
mc2 Genome_Organization
... Most of the moderately repeated DNA is derived from mobile DNA sequences (transposable elements, or transposons), which can move to new locations on occasion. This is sometimes called “selfish DNA"--subject to natural selection partly independent of the rest of the genome, it survives random mutatio ...
... Most of the moderately repeated DNA is derived from mobile DNA sequences (transposable elements, or transposons), which can move to new locations on occasion. This is sometimes called “selfish DNA"--subject to natural selection partly independent of the rest of the genome, it survives random mutatio ...
PDF
... involved in chromatin-dependent gene repression. Finally, they show that Stwl represses the expression of many genes, some of which contain putative binding sites for Pumilio, a translation inhibitor that, together with Nanos, represses the translation of key differentiation factors in GSCs. Thus, t ...
... involved in chromatin-dependent gene repression. Finally, they show that Stwl represses the expression of many genes, some of which contain putative binding sites for Pumilio, a translation inhibitor that, together with Nanos, represses the translation of key differentiation factors in GSCs. Thus, t ...
13-3 Cell Transformation
... Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering Section 13-3 Cell Transformation FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT ...
... Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering Section 13-3 Cell Transformation FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT ...
DNA fingerprinting
... • In humans such sequences are often bordered by restriction endonuclease sites. • The fragment sizes resulting from digestion depend on the number of copies between the restriction sites • This gives rise to unique RFLP patterns. ...
... • In humans such sequences are often bordered by restriction endonuclease sites. • The fragment sizes resulting from digestion depend on the number of copies between the restriction sites • This gives rise to unique RFLP patterns. ...
7.014 Problem Set 3
... i. Double stranded DNA where both strands are labeled ii. Double stranded DNA where one strand is labeled iii. Double stranded DNA where neither strand is labled Semi-conservative replication was only one of the models of DNA replication proposed after the discovery of DNA structure. One of the ot ...
... i. Double stranded DNA where both strands are labeled ii. Double stranded DNA where one strand is labeled iii. Double stranded DNA where neither strand is labled Semi-conservative replication was only one of the models of DNA replication proposed after the discovery of DNA structure. One of the ot ...
pdf
... The methods for making cDNA from mRNA are more prone to copy the 3’ ends and middle of mRNAs than the 5’ ends. Thus it is common to have access to this part of the cDNA, and that provides the sequence information for the second, or internal, primer. In contrast, specialized techniques are often empl ...
... The methods for making cDNA from mRNA are more prone to copy the 3’ ends and middle of mRNAs than the 5’ ends. Thus it is common to have access to this part of the cDNA, and that provides the sequence information for the second, or internal, primer. In contrast, specialized techniques are often empl ...
Genes and Genetic Disease
... insert the wrong amino acid(s) into the polypeptide chain(s) → abnormal proteins (MUTATION) ...
... insert the wrong amino acid(s) into the polypeptide chain(s) → abnormal proteins (MUTATION) ...
File
... Dna = double helix, found only in nucleus, deoxyribose, and contains thymine RNA = single strand, found throughout cytoplasm (diff types mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), ribose, and contains uracil instead of thymine 46. How are DNA and RNA used in the production of proteins? ...
... Dna = double helix, found only in nucleus, deoxyribose, and contains thymine RNA = single strand, found throughout cytoplasm (diff types mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), ribose, and contains uracil instead of thymine 46. How are DNA and RNA used in the production of proteins? ...
VIRUS
... injects its DNA into the cell • The viral DNA incorporates itself to the host DNA, becoming a new set of cell genes called a ...
... injects its DNA into the cell • The viral DNA incorporates itself to the host DNA, becoming a new set of cell genes called a ...
Promoter identification
... • Some of the gene products are required by the cell under all growth conditions and are called housekeeping genes. • genes for DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, rRNA, tRNA, … ...
... • Some of the gene products are required by the cell under all growth conditions and are called housekeeping genes. • genes for DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, rRNA, tRNA, … ...
Comparative Genome Organization in plants: From Sequence and Markers to... and Chromosomes Summary
... They can provide useful markers for chromosome identification, and their presence and distribution can provide evidence for evolutionary changes. Evidence does not exist for a constant mutation rate. Rather, bursts or evolutionary waves of mutations occurred. Tandem arrays are usual transcription si ...
... They can provide useful markers for chromosome identification, and their presence and distribution can provide evidence for evolutionary changes. Evidence does not exist for a constant mutation rate. Rather, bursts or evolutionary waves of mutations occurred. Tandem arrays are usual transcription si ...
mRNA over-expression/rescue
... 3. Mutant (today) or morpholino (tomorrow) rescue 4. Epistasis: what genes can and cannot rescue your mutant? Where does your mutant gene lie in a pathway? Why inject DNA? • Gain-of-function experiments: over & ectopic expression • Dominant negative expts • Promoter analysis • Transgenics--in vivo l ...
... 3. Mutant (today) or morpholino (tomorrow) rescue 4. Epistasis: what genes can and cannot rescue your mutant? Where does your mutant gene lie in a pathway? Why inject DNA? • Gain-of-function experiments: over & ectopic expression • Dominant negative expts • Promoter analysis • Transgenics--in vivo l ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.