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not a plastid specific promoter but is also capable of
not a plastid specific promoter but is also capable of

... (10) and nptH (11) coding sequences were made by consequent cloning into the BamHIHindlll site of pUCl9psbA. pGSC1700 (fig. 2a) is a binary plant vector derived from pGV1500 (12); the polylinker of pGV1500 was deleted by HpaI-HindIll digestion and replaced by the pUC19 PvuIIHindIll linker fragment g ...
1/12
1/12

... Mutagenesis and Genetic Screens ...
Textbook Reference: Section 17.3
Textbook Reference: Section 17.3

...  DNA is a double helix. The two chains of sugar and phosphate groups run parallel. Pairs of bases link the chains together like rungs of a ladder. This ladder will then twist and coil.  Adenine joins with thymine. Cytosine joins with guanine. This explains Chargoff’s results of equal ratios. A str ...
Student Materials - Scope, Sequence, and Coordination
Student Materials - Scope, Sequence, and Coordination

... Your teacher will review the roles of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, nucleotide sequencing, and amino acids before you start working on this activity. Look at the observation tables on the following page (Table A). For each gene, flip your penny to determine which of each pair of traits your organism will have. T ...
Powerpoint template for scientific posters (Swarthmore
Powerpoint template for scientific posters (Swarthmore

... suppressor genes, transcription factors/core-binding factors (CBFs), and chromosomal translocations and deletions. One specific deletion on chromosome 9, del(9q), and the translocation t(8;21), have been found together in AML, and it is likely these two mutations cooperate to cause leukemia. Not all ...
Click www.ondix.com to visit our student-to
Click www.ondix.com to visit our student-to

... detected in prokaryotes. Bacterial expression vectors are usually plasmids with strong promoters, ribosome-binding sites, and transcription terminators. Eukaryotic proteins are made by inserting cDNA into an expression vector. Also, antibodies can be used to screen clones from expression-vector cDNA ...
Overview of the Recombinant DNA technology- the plasmid vector pUC19
Overview of the Recombinant DNA technology- the plasmid vector pUC19

... results in the absence of an EcoR1 site in one of the chromosomes. Upon digestion with EcoR1, the chromosome without the extra EcoR1 site produces a larger fragment than the other one. This difference is recognised using a probe that hybridises within the region encompassed by two flanking EcoR1 sit ...
Slide - Smith Lab
Slide - Smith Lab

Cell nucleus and cell cycle
Cell nucleus and cell cycle

... Normal nucleus. The nucleus is bounded by the nuclear lamina (purple), a proteinaceous layer made of the lamins and associated proteins. The lamina is connected on its cytoplasmic face to the doublemembrane nuclear envelope. On its inner surface, the lamina binds to chromatin and in most cell types ...
Regulation of Gene Activity in Eukaryotes
Regulation of Gene Activity in Eukaryotes

... • Vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) stimulates growth of collateral blood vessels around the area of an arterial blockage. ...
cell cycle
cell cycle

... Normal nucleus. The nucleus is bounded by the nuclear lamina (purple), a proteinaceous layer made of the lamins and associated proteins. The lamina is connected on its cytoplasmic face to the doublemembrane nuclear envelope. On its inner surface, the lamina binds to chromatin and in most cell types ...
BI:4224
BI:4224

... in the gram-staining protocol/ end color is the secondary (2nd) color RNA is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. RNA polynucleotides contain ribose sugars & predominantly uracil unlike DNA, which contains deoxyribose &predominantly thymine. It is transcribed (synthesized) from ...
Epigenetic Regulation of the Glucocorticoid receptor in human brain
Epigenetic Regulation of the Glucocorticoid receptor in human brain

The XPE Gene of Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Its Product and
The XPE Gene of Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Its Product and

... have discovered that there are at least 8 subgroups, XP-A to XP-G andXPV. Studies ofthese genes have shown that their products play critical roles in nucleotide excision repair (NER) following DNA damage. XP-E subgroup has been considered to be of the mildest XP forms and their exact roles in NER ar ...
Gene
Gene

... Scientists are also puzzling over the significance of the discovery that more than 200 genes from bacteria apparently invaded the human genome millions of years ago, becoming permanent additions. Today, the new work shows, some of these bacterial genes have taken over important human functions, such ...
What happened? Conjugation requires Plasmids
What happened? Conjugation requires Plasmids

... Bacteria of the second strain donated the genes required to synthesize nutrients A/B/C to the first strain Either way, an auxotroph is converted to a prototroph (mutant) ...
16. Biotechnology
16. Biotechnology

... are combined/spliced together. ...
www.studyguide.pk
www.studyguide.pk

Final Exam Practice
Final Exam Practice

... An enzyme needed for completion of lagging strand synthesis, but not leading strand synthesis ...
Ch. 5: Presentation Slides
Ch. 5: Presentation Slides

... DNA Sequence: convention 5’ to 3’end, one strand (because other strand is complementary and therefore known also) ...
Microbiology - Imperial Valley College
Microbiology - Imperial Valley College

... These cuts produce a DNA fragment with two stick ends. DNA from another source, perhaps a plasmid, cut with the same restriction enzyme. ...
Gene Section NUP98 (nucleoporin 98 kDa) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section NUP98 (nucleoporin 98 kDa) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... HGNC (Hugo): NUP98 Location: 11p15 ...
7. Recombinant DNA Vectors
7. Recombinant DNA Vectors

... artificial chromosome vectors (BACs, PACs, YACs)--cloning chromosomal regions b. Conventional E. coli plasmid cloning vectors typically have: origin of replication that functions in bacteria antibiotic resistance gene(s) selectable marker gene (often lacZ, encoding beta-galactosidase) polylinker (al ...
M:\Biology 3201.June 2009.wpd
M:\Biology 3201.June 2009.wpd

... ii) Most newer cell phones can be used as a personal listening device. Explain why the use of personal listening devices, played at high volumes for prolonged periods, should be discouraged in adolescents? ...
Monster Central Dogma - Lincoln Park High School
Monster Central Dogma - Lincoln Park High School

... We looked at genetic crosses in our monsters in genetics. In this activity, you will use amino acid sequences for the traits described below, and then see if your classmates can take your DNA through Central Dogma to make a monster with the same traits. PART 1 1. In the MY MONSTER’S GENOME table bel ...
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Primary transcript



A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.
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