Gene Conversion as a Source of Nucleotide Diversity in
... Examination of polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum gene for falcipain 2 revealed that this gene is one of two paralogs separated by 10.8 kb in chromosome 11. We designate the annotated gene denoted chr11.gen_424 as encoding falcipain 2A and the annotated gene denoted chr11.gen_427 as encoding ...
... Examination of polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum gene for falcipain 2 revealed that this gene is one of two paralogs separated by 10.8 kb in chromosome 11. We designate the annotated gene denoted chr11.gen_424 as encoding falcipain 2A and the annotated gene denoted chr11.gen_427 as encoding ...
Mendel: Darwin`s Savior or Opponent?
... 2Aa + a rather than the now familiar AA + 2Aa + aa. What might account for this? A. He thought it would be wasteful to write both letters when they duplicated each other B. He was representing the characters that would be produced in offspring, not genes or factors C. His mathematics was flawed—he d ...
... 2Aa + a rather than the now familiar AA + 2Aa + aa. What might account for this? A. He thought it would be wasteful to write both letters when they duplicated each other B. He was representing the characters that would be produced in offspring, not genes or factors C. His mathematics was flawed—he d ...
- Wiley Online Library
... ª 2011 THE AUTHORS. J. EVOL. BIOL. 24 (2011) 1801–1813 JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY ª 2011 EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY ...
... ª 2011 THE AUTHORS. J. EVOL. BIOL. 24 (2011) 1801–1813 JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY ª 2011 EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY ...
Inclusive Fitness and the Sociobiology of the Genome Herbert Gintis
... Nevertheless the two are often equated, even in the technical literature. For instance, throughout his authoritative presentation of sexual allocation theory, Stuart ?, identifies inclusive fitness with kin selection in several places and never distinguishes between the two terms at any point in the ...
... Nevertheless the two are often equated, even in the technical literature. For instance, throughout his authoritative presentation of sexual allocation theory, Stuart ?, identifies inclusive fitness with kin selection in several places and never distinguishes between the two terms at any point in the ...
Genetics Review
... B. Short tails do not appear in the first generation or the second generation. C. Cutting the tail of the mouse changed its genes. D. Cutting the tail of the mouse did not change its genes. ...
... B. Short tails do not appear in the first generation or the second generation. C. Cutting the tail of the mouse changed its genes. D. Cutting the tail of the mouse did not change its genes. ...
Part II: Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change
... mutation cause evolution. You will use a software simulation of an evolving population to analyze the examples discussed in Chapter 5, and to answer a variety questions concerning changes in the frequencies of alleles. Once you are familiar with the simulation program, you can use it to answer quest ...
... mutation cause evolution. You will use a software simulation of an evolving population to analyze the examples discussed in Chapter 5, and to answer a variety questions concerning changes in the frequencies of alleles. Once you are familiar with the simulation program, you can use it to answer quest ...
Sex-chromosome evolution: recent progress and the
... Some plants, invertebrates and, as recently discovered, the platypus and echidnas (the monotreme mammals) have a spectacular sex-chromosome system consisting of meiotic multiples of sex chromosomes that form rings or chains16. In monotremes, this sex-chromosome chain has the organization X1X2X3X4X5/ ...
... Some plants, invertebrates and, as recently discovered, the platypus and echidnas (the monotreme mammals) have a spectacular sex-chromosome system consisting of meiotic multiples of sex chromosomes that form rings or chains16. In monotremes, this sex-chromosome chain has the organization X1X2X3X4X5/ ...
Genetic Algorithm to find optimal GLCM features
... The genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization and search technique based on the principles of genetics and natural selection.GAs were first described by John Holland in the 1960s and further developed by Holland and his students and colleagues at the University of Michigan in the 1960s and 1970s.An ...
... The genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization and search technique based on the principles of genetics and natural selection.GAs were first described by John Holland in the 1960s and further developed by Holland and his students and colleagues at the University of Michigan in the 1960s and 1970s.An ...
Genetic Algorithms
... Many specialised operators have been devised which focus on combining order or adjacency information from the two parents ...
... Many specialised operators have been devised which focus on combining order or adjacency information from the two parents ...
Genomic Consequences of Background Effects on scalloped Mutant
... homeotic phenotype (Gibson et al. 1999), while modifiers of an Egfr gain-of-function allele suggest that the architecture of this photoreceptor determination phenotype was more likely due to many alleles of small effects (Dworkin et al. 2003). We ask here whether microarrays are a fine enough tool t ...
... homeotic phenotype (Gibson et al. 1999), while modifiers of an Egfr gain-of-function allele suggest that the architecture of this photoreceptor determination phenotype was more likely due to many alleles of small effects (Dworkin et al. 2003). We ask here whether microarrays are a fine enough tool t ...
selection and mutation as mechanisms
... mutation cause evolution. You will use a software simulation of an evolving population to analyze the examples discussed in Chapter 5, and to answer a variety questions concerning changes in the frequencies of alleles. Once you are familiar with the simulation program, you can use it to answer quest ...
... mutation cause evolution. You will use a software simulation of an evolving population to analyze the examples discussed in Chapter 5, and to answer a variety questions concerning changes in the frequencies of alleles. Once you are familiar with the simulation program, you can use it to answer quest ...
A Century of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
... lower than 3:1. As noted by Bailey (1961), the problem is to fit a binomial distribution with its initial term missing, and Weinberg was the first to analyze this case in human genetics. Weinberg’s solution (the proband method) is the maximum likelihood solution if ascertainment has been both random ...
... lower than 3:1. As noted by Bailey (1961), the problem is to fit a binomial distribution with its initial term missing, and Weinberg was the first to analyze this case in human genetics. Weinberg’s solution (the proband method) is the maximum likelihood solution if ascertainment has been both random ...
Wheeler Quantitative Genetics
... The sum of all average allelic effect at each locus influencing the trait(s) of interest. (Alleles, not genotypes are passed on to the next generation) Breeding value is a concept associated with parents in a sexually breeding population. It can be measured. Historically, average allelic effects cou ...
... The sum of all average allelic effect at each locus influencing the trait(s) of interest. (Alleles, not genotypes are passed on to the next generation) Breeding value is a concept associated with parents in a sexually breeding population. It can be measured. Historically, average allelic effects cou ...
The Origin of Subfunctions and Modular Gene Regulation
... Under subfunction fission, the new gene architecture diverges beneath a constant phenotype. Despite this initial invariance of expression patterns, subfunction fission may open up previously inaccessible evolutionary pathways by eliminating some pleiotropic constraints associated with shared regulat ...
... Under subfunction fission, the new gene architecture diverges beneath a constant phenotype. Despite this initial invariance of expression patterns, subfunction fission may open up previously inaccessible evolutionary pathways by eliminating some pleiotropic constraints associated with shared regulat ...
A Century of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
... lower than 3:1. As noted by Bailey (1961), the problem is to fit a binomial distribution with its initial term missing, and Weinberg was the first to analyze this case in human genetics. Weinberg’s solution (the proband method) is the maximum likelihood solution if ascertainment has been both random ...
... lower than 3:1. As noted by Bailey (1961), the problem is to fit a binomial distribution with its initial term missing, and Weinberg was the first to analyze this case in human genetics. Weinberg’s solution (the proband method) is the maximum likelihood solution if ascertainment has been both random ...
Inbreeding and Inbreeding Depression
... "carrier" that doesn’t express the phenotype), 50% of its siblings will also be carriers. Odds that full-sib mating will express the phenotype = 0.52 = 0.25. One in 4. 2500X more likely to express harmful recessive than with random mating (for this example). So inbreeding should affect fitness. ...
... "carrier" that doesn’t express the phenotype), 50% of its siblings will also be carriers. Odds that full-sib mating will express the phenotype = 0.52 = 0.25. One in 4. 2500X more likely to express harmful recessive than with random mating (for this example). So inbreeding should affect fitness. ...
Document
... Maternal and individual heterosis effects can be combined by using crossbred (hybrid) dams. For example, for total weight of lambs rear per mated ewe has an 18% individual heterotic advantage in a crossbred offspring and an addition 18% advantage (from maternal heterosis) when crossbred ewes are us ...
... Maternal and individual heterosis effects can be combined by using crossbred (hybrid) dams. For example, for total weight of lambs rear per mated ewe has an 18% individual heterotic advantage in a crossbred offspring and an addition 18% advantage (from maternal heterosis) when crossbred ewes are us ...
The Evolution of Genetic Architecture
... notions on the other was a great step forward. An important contribution was made by Cheverud & Routman (1995), who developed an explicit model of “physiological” epistasis defined without regard to allele frequencies and showed how this physiological epistasis differed from the Fisherian notion of s ...
... notions on the other was a great step forward. An important contribution was made by Cheverud & Routman (1995), who developed an explicit model of “physiological” epistasis defined without regard to allele frequencies and showed how this physiological epistasis differed from the Fisherian notion of s ...
Genetic Algorithms
... Many specialised operators have been devised which focus on combining order or adjacency information from the two parents ...
... Many specialised operators have been devised which focus on combining order or adjacency information from the two parents ...
Genetic Algorithms: A Tutorial
... Crossover is a critical feature of genetic algorithms: It greatly accelerates search early in evolution of a population It leads to effective combination of schemata (subsolutions on different chromosomes) ...
... Crossover is a critical feature of genetic algorithms: It greatly accelerates search early in evolution of a population It leads to effective combination of schemata (subsolutions on different chromosomes) ...
Solving the University Timetabling Problem with
... etc. At some universities including Silesian University each student has an individual timetable, i.e. there are no groups of students, which have the same timetable, even it is difficult to find only two students with the same timetable, thus solving the problem becomes very complex. In order to be ...
... etc. At some universities including Silesian University each student has an individual timetable, i.e. there are no groups of students, which have the same timetable, even it is difficult to find only two students with the same timetable, thus solving the problem becomes very complex. In order to be ...
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology is said to occur when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species—in other words, the occurrence of more than one form or morph. In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating).Polymorphism as described here involves morphs of the phenotype. The term is also used somewhat differently by molecular biologists to describe certain point mutations in the genotype, such as SNPs (see also RFLPs). This usage is not discussed in this article.Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation and adaptation; it usually functions to retain variety of form in a population living in a varied environment. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Other examples are mimetic forms of butterflies (see mimicry), and human hemoglobin and blood types.According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It is heritable and is modified by natural selection. In polyphenism, an individual's genetic make-up allows for different morphs, and the switch mechanism that determines which morph is shown is environmental. In genetic polymorphism, the genetic make-up determines the morph. Ants exhibit both types in a single population.Polymorphism also refers to the occurrence of structurally and functionally more than two different types of individuals, called zooids within the same organism. It is a characteristic feature of Cnidarians.For example, in Obelia there are feeding individuals, the gastrozooids; the individuals capable of asexual reproduction only, the gonozooids, blastostyles and free-living or sexually reproducing individuals, the medusae.