Wide-spread polyploidizations during plant evolution Dicot
... Figure 3. Progression of rearrangem ent s and chromoso me fusions leading t o t he loss of a cent romere in Z. rouxii. Two non-reciprocal telomeric translocations and a telomere-to-telomere fusion gave rise to the extant chromosome structures in Z. rouxii. Chromosomes in green boxes are those that u ...
... Figure 3. Progression of rearrangem ent s and chromoso me fusions leading t o t he loss of a cent romere in Z. rouxii. Two non-reciprocal telomeric translocations and a telomere-to-telomere fusion gave rise to the extant chromosome structures in Z. rouxii. Chromosomes in green boxes are those that u ...
Real – time fMRI
... Summary and discussion • The aim of this study was to find out whether genetic variants affecting BMI in normal population are protective against ANR • Results show that this is not the case • Additionally, except for one, SNPs influencing BMI in normal population didn’t predict BMI in the ANR grou ...
... Summary and discussion • The aim of this study was to find out whether genetic variants affecting BMI in normal population are protective against ANR • Results show that this is not the case • Additionally, except for one, SNPs influencing BMI in normal population didn’t predict BMI in the ANR grou ...
Steve Downes
... Contrasting with additive variance is dominance variance (VD): when two alleles (A and a) are responsible for the organism's height and an organism with aa is 1.0 units high, an organism with AA is 2.0 units high but an organism with Aa is also ...
... Contrasting with additive variance is dominance variance (VD): when two alleles (A and a) are responsible for the organism's height and an organism with aa is 1.0 units high, an organism with AA is 2.0 units high but an organism with Aa is also ...
BIOLOGY
... Immigration from the mainland introduces alleles that decrease fitness on the island Natural selection removes alleles that decrease fitness Birds born in the central region with high immigration have a lower fitness; birds born in the east with low immigration have a higher fitness ...
... Immigration from the mainland introduces alleles that decrease fitness on the island Natural selection removes alleles that decrease fitness Birds born in the central region with high immigration have a lower fitness; birds born in the east with low immigration have a higher fitness ...
Does genetic diversity limit disease spread in natural host
... The more recent model suggests that increases in the genetic diversity of host populations could have a large effect on disease spread and prevalence at equilibrium (Lively, 2010a). The model assumes that there are no co-infections, and that each parasite genotype can only infect one genetically det ...
... The more recent model suggests that increases in the genetic diversity of host populations could have a large effect on disease spread and prevalence at equilibrium (Lively, 2010a). The model assumes that there are no co-infections, and that each parasite genotype can only infect one genetically det ...
Article Positive Selection Underlies Faster-Z
... The elevated rate of evolution for genes on sex chromosomes compared with autosomes (Fast-X or Fast-Z evolution) can result either from positive selection in the heterogametic sex or from nonadaptive consequences of reduced relative effective population size. Recent work in birds suggests that Fast- ...
... The elevated rate of evolution for genes on sex chromosomes compared with autosomes (Fast-X or Fast-Z evolution) can result either from positive selection in the heterogametic sex or from nonadaptive consequences of reduced relative effective population size. Recent work in birds suggests that Fast- ...
Patterns of Inheritance
... alleles is not always the case; some alleles are codominant, and sometimes dominance is incomplete.) Using his understanding of dominant and recessive traits, Mendel tested whether a recessive trait could be lost altogether in a pea lineage or whether it would resurface in a later generation. By cro ...
... alleles is not always the case; some alleles are codominant, and sometimes dominance is incomplete.) Using his understanding of dominant and recessive traits, Mendel tested whether a recessive trait could be lost altogether in a pea lineage or whether it would resurface in a later generation. By cro ...
ª2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.022
... divergent environments through the accumulation of genetic changes that result in increased fitness. If formed, hybrid populations are genotypically intermediate and therefore suboptimally matched to any environment in which adaptation occurred. Reduced fitness in hybrids retards, if not prevents, g ...
... divergent environments through the accumulation of genetic changes that result in increased fitness. If formed, hybrid populations are genotypically intermediate and therefore suboptimally matched to any environment in which adaptation occurred. Reduced fitness in hybrids retards, if not prevents, g ...
chapter 3 transmission genetics – chromosomes, recombination and
... dd), whereas those with a different allele on each homologous chromosome are heterozygous (e.g. Dd). Mendel further hypothesized that one unit factor (i.e. allele) is dominant to the other recessive factor (i.e. the dominant allele masks the effect of the recessive allele), based on the phenotypes h ...
... dd), whereas those with a different allele on each homologous chromosome are heterozygous (e.g. Dd). Mendel further hypothesized that one unit factor (i.e. allele) is dominant to the other recessive factor (i.e. the dominant allele masks the effect of the recessive allele), based on the phenotypes h ...
Eiben Chapter3 Genetic Algorithms
... Many specialised operators have been devised which focus on combining order or adjacency information from the two parents ...
... Many specialised operators have been devised which focus on combining order or adjacency information from the two parents ...
Evidence for Mito-Nuclear and Sex-Linked Reproductive Barriers
... genes for analysis of 612 male individuals. We show that a disproportionately large number of sex-linked genes, as well as the mitochondria and nuclear genes with mitochondrial function, exhibit sharp clines at the boundaries between the hybrid and the parent species, suggesting a role for mito-nucl ...
... genes for analysis of 612 male individuals. We show that a disproportionately large number of sex-linked genes, as well as the mitochondria and nuclear genes with mitochondrial function, exhibit sharp clines at the boundaries between the hybrid and the parent species, suggesting a role for mito-nucl ...
Chapter 5 Gases
... morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits with a heritable basis • Variations within a population arise from different alleles of shared genes – Dimorphic: a trait with only two forms ...
... morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits with a heritable basis • Variations within a population arise from different alleles of shared genes – Dimorphic: a trait with only two forms ...
Molecular genotyping of ABO blood groups in some population
... In addition to the common alleles, two rare alleles were detected in the mixed population. These showed altered mobility in SSCP banding pattern, both the individuals carrying these alleles were from Sindhi community. The altered SSCP banding pattern was detected in fragment 279 bp (Fig. B). On DN ...
... In addition to the common alleles, two rare alleles were detected in the mixed population. These showed altered mobility in SSCP banding pattern, both the individuals carrying these alleles were from Sindhi community. The altered SSCP banding pattern was detected in fragment 279 bp (Fig. B). On DN ...
population
... • Genetic drift tends to reduce genetic variation through losses of alleles • Two examples of genetic drift are the founder effect and bottleneck effect. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Genetic drift tends to reduce genetic variation through losses of alleles • Two examples of genetic drift are the founder effect and bottleneck effect. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Principals of General Zoology (Zoo-103)
... chromosomes. In the diploid state, members of the same chromosome pair are referred to as homologous chromosome, or homologs. One member of each pair comes from each parent. Humans have 23 homologous chromosome pairs, which is often expressed as 2n=46. This expression indicate that humans are dipl ...
... chromosomes. In the diploid state, members of the same chromosome pair are referred to as homologous chromosome, or homologs. One member of each pair comes from each parent. Humans have 23 homologous chromosome pairs, which is often expressed as 2n=46. This expression indicate that humans are dipl ...
Article Genetic Signatures Reveal High-Altitude
... 2010). The PBS method has been proven effective in detecting selected loci among high-altitude Tibetan populations. It employs three populations, such that a population’s PBS value corresponds to the magnitude of the allele frequency change at a given locus relative to the divergence from the other ...
... 2010). The PBS method has been proven effective in detecting selected loci among high-altitude Tibetan populations. It employs three populations, such that a population’s PBS value corresponds to the magnitude of the allele frequency change at a given locus relative to the divergence from the other ...
A mosaic infertile case of isodicentricY
... Results: In the current thirty-year-old infertile male report, we present a detailed molecular-cytogenetic characterization of an individual with mosaicism involving an isodicentric Y chromosome and some phenotypic features. He was in tall stature, microtestis, delayed speech and increased gonadotro ...
... Results: In the current thirty-year-old infertile male report, we present a detailed molecular-cytogenetic characterization of an individual with mosaicism involving an isodicentric Y chromosome and some phenotypic features. He was in tall stature, microtestis, delayed speech and increased gonadotro ...
Chapter 23
... differences in genes or other DNA segments Phenotype is the product of inherited genotype and environmental influences Natural selection can only act on variation with a genetic component ...
... differences in genes or other DNA segments Phenotype is the product of inherited genotype and environmental influences Natural selection can only act on variation with a genetic component ...
Hardy-Weinberg Problems #2 - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate
... Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) ...
... Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) ...
An investigation of the fitness and strength of selection on the white
... generations are relatively minor, differences accumulate with each subsequent generation and can, over time, cause substantial changes in the organisms. Inherited traits come from the genes that are passed on to offspring during reproduction. Mutations in genes can produce new or altered traits in i ...
... generations are relatively minor, differences accumulate with each subsequent generation and can, over time, cause substantial changes in the organisms. Inherited traits come from the genes that are passed on to offspring during reproduction. Mutations in genes can produce new or altered traits in i ...
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology is said to occur when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species—in other words, the occurrence of more than one form or morph. In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating).Polymorphism as described here involves morphs of the phenotype. The term is also used somewhat differently by molecular biologists to describe certain point mutations in the genotype, such as SNPs (see also RFLPs). This usage is not discussed in this article.Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation and adaptation; it usually functions to retain variety of form in a population living in a varied environment. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Other examples are mimetic forms of butterflies (see mimicry), and human hemoglobin and blood types.According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It is heritable and is modified by natural selection. In polyphenism, an individual's genetic make-up allows for different morphs, and the switch mechanism that determines which morph is shown is environmental. In genetic polymorphism, the genetic make-up determines the morph. Ants exhibit both types in a single population.Polymorphism also refers to the occurrence of structurally and functionally more than two different types of individuals, called zooids within the same organism. It is a characteristic feature of Cnidarians.For example, in Obelia there are feeding individuals, the gastrozooids; the individuals capable of asexual reproduction only, the gonozooids, blastostyles and free-living or sexually reproducing individuals, the medusae.