Motoo Kimura
... best known for his daring neutral theory of molecular evolution, a concept of great interest andequally great controversy, he is admired by populationgeneticists even more forhis deep contributions to the mathematical theory. MOTOO KIMURA was born November 13,1924 in Okazaki,Japan. He diedNovember 1 ...
... best known for his daring neutral theory of molecular evolution, a concept of great interest andequally great controversy, he is admired by populationgeneticists even more forhis deep contributions to the mathematical theory. MOTOO KIMURA was born November 13,1924 in Okazaki,Japan. He diedNovember 1 ...
Variable Autosomal and X Divergence Near and Far from Genes
... nearest gene for ten great ape populations (fig. 1). We found that divergence in putatively neutral regions increased as the distance from genes increased on both the X and the autosomes (fig. 1). We observed that divergence estimates exhibit a similar pattern along the genome for all great ape subs ...
... nearest gene for ten great ape populations (fig. 1). We found that divergence in putatively neutral regions increased as the distance from genes increased on both the X and the autosomes (fig. 1). We observed that divergence estimates exhibit a similar pattern along the genome for all great ape subs ...
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
... unrelated to sex, he would have expected half of the whiteeyed flies to be male and half female.) Recall that a female fly has two X chromosomes (XX), while a male fly has an X and a Y (XY). The correlation between the trait of white eye color and the male sex of the affected F2 flies suggested to Morga ...
... unrelated to sex, he would have expected half of the whiteeyed flies to be male and half female.) Recall that a female fly has two X chromosomes (XX), while a male fly has an X and a Y (XY). The correlation between the trait of white eye color and the male sex of the affected F2 flies suggested to Morga ...
White Paper: DMET™ Plus allele translation
... are consistent with the pattern of marker-level genotypes. In compound heterozygous samples, more than one diplotype can be consistent with the genotypes. All possible diplotypes are reported, and they are not ranked by likelihood. Genes with larger numbers of polymorphic sites, in particular multip ...
... are consistent with the pattern of marker-level genotypes. In compound heterozygous samples, more than one diplotype can be consistent with the genotypes. All possible diplotypes are reported, and they are not ranked by likelihood. Genes with larger numbers of polymorphic sites, in particular multip ...
Genotype Discrimination: The complex case for some legislative protection. Henry T. Greely. 149 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1483 (May 2001)
... many variations; indeed, for the most part, the human genes are just human variations of genes found in other primates, mammals, animals, or broader sets of life forms. Any two humans, on average, will be identical in their DNA sequences 99.9% of the time and 99.99% of the time in the regions of gen ...
... many variations; indeed, for the most part, the human genes are just human variations of genes found in other primates, mammals, animals, or broader sets of life forms. Any two humans, on average, will be identical in their DNA sequences 99.9% of the time and 99.99% of the time in the regions of gen ...
Tandem duplications and the limits of natural
... not expected to share polymorphic variation due to ancestry. Thus, we can measure the limits of standing variation and the incidence of parallel duplication across species, which should be broadly applicable to multicellular eukaryotic evolution. ...
... not expected to share polymorphic variation due to ancestry. Thus, we can measure the limits of standing variation and the incidence of parallel duplication across species, which should be broadly applicable to multicellular eukaryotic evolution. ...
Bis2A 16.2 Errors in Meiosis
... one copy of an autosome invariably fail to develop to birth because they have only one copy of essential genes. Most autosomal trisomies also fail to develop to birth; however, duplications of some of the smaller chromosomes (13, 15, 18, 21, or 22) can result in ospring that survive for several wee ...
... one copy of an autosome invariably fail to develop to birth because they have only one copy of essential genes. Most autosomal trisomies also fail to develop to birth; however, duplications of some of the smaller chromosomes (13, 15, 18, 21, or 22) can result in ospring that survive for several wee ...
Farmacia HOSPITALARIA
... systemic clearance.1 For some years now it has been known that a great deal of such variability is due to differences of activity in the glycoprotein P-gp, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.2 The product of the gen MDR1 (ABCB1) is the glycoprotein P-gp which belongs to the family of ABC membrane ...
... systemic clearance.1 For some years now it has been known that a great deal of such variability is due to differences of activity in the glycoprotein P-gp, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.2 The product of the gen MDR1 (ABCB1) is the glycoprotein P-gp which belongs to the family of ABC membrane ...
A. thaliana - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... Should show reduced variability compared to ancestral locus if inactivation only occurred once ...
... Should show reduced variability compared to ancestral locus if inactivation only occurred once ...
Genetic Soduko Purpose: Use interactive Punnett square
... __ /4 =____% Homozygous Rec. _____ __ /4 =____% Heterozygous _____ Conclusions: 1. Why can’t we always predict the genotype by observing the phenotype? 2. In which situation can we accurately predict the genotype by looking at the phenotype? 3. Purple is dominant over pink. Cross a Homozygous pink p ...
... __ /4 =____% Homozygous Rec. _____ __ /4 =____% Heterozygous _____ Conclusions: 1. Why can’t we always predict the genotype by observing the phenotype? 2. In which situation can we accurately predict the genotype by looking at the phenotype? 3. Purple is dominant over pink. Cross a Homozygous pink p ...
Using an Alu Insertion Polymorphism to Study Human
... This experiment examines a polymorphism in the human genome that is caused by the insertion of an Alu transposon, or transposable element. Alu is a member of the family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) and is approximately 300 nucleotides in length. Alu owes its name to a recognition site for ...
... This experiment examines a polymorphism in the human genome that is caused by the insertion of an Alu transposon, or transposable element. Alu is a member of the family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) and is approximately 300 nucleotides in length. Alu owes its name to a recognition site for ...
Direct and indirect consequences of meiotic recombination
... [104]. Indel drive has also been observed in yeast and fungi, although its direction varies between loci and crosses [105,106]. Mutagenic recombination In yeast, there is experimental evidence that mitotic recombination causes point mutations [83,84]. If meiotic recombination was also mutagenic, it ...
... [104]. Indel drive has also been observed in yeast and fungi, although its direction varies between loci and crosses [105,106]. Mutagenic recombination In yeast, there is experimental evidence that mitotic recombination causes point mutations [83,84]. If meiotic recombination was also mutagenic, it ...
Genome partitioning of genetic variation for complex traits using
... literature. eVariance explained by GWAS associated loci from the literature. PC, principal component; s.e., standard error. of hC2 on LC and Ng(C) and fitted models individuals. The reason for excluding related pairs is to avoid the possi in which chromosome length was fitted after the number of ge ...
... literature. eVariance explained by GWAS associated loci from the literature. PC, principal component; s.e., standard error. of hC2 on LC and Ng(C) and fitted models individuals. The reason for excluding related pairs is to avoid the possi in which chromosome length was fitted after the number of ge ...
Fisher`s Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection Revisited
... only any change in the fitnesses of the different possible genotypes under changing external (physical and biological) conditions, but also any change in the mating system in conjunction with dominance and epistatic effects of genes defining the genetical environment. Price (1972, p. 133) incorporat ...
... only any change in the fitnesses of the different possible genotypes under changing external (physical and biological) conditions, but also any change in the mating system in conjunction with dominance and epistatic effects of genes defining the genetical environment. Price (1972, p. 133) incorporat ...
A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance
... Methods for selection of Na+ -excluding individuals in wheat breeding populations are time consuming and expensive. In our case, the method involves growing plants in pots using a sub-irrigation system to provide a gradual and uniform exposure to NaCl to the plant, and the harvesting of a given leaf ...
... Methods for selection of Na+ -excluding individuals in wheat breeding populations are time consuming and expensive. In our case, the method involves growing plants in pots using a sub-irrigation system to provide a gradual and uniform exposure to NaCl to the plant, and the harvesting of a given leaf ...
drosophila melanogaster.
... rather quickly by artificial selection. It was also noted that genetic random drift plays an important role when the number of individuals selected is small. In the present paper the results of simulated natural selection will be presented. I n a mathematical study of the effect of selection of doub ...
... rather quickly by artificial selection. It was also noted that genetic random drift plays an important role when the number of individuals selected is small. In the present paper the results of simulated natural selection will be presented. I n a mathematical study of the effect of selection of doub ...
phenotypic correlations - Watson et al (v91)
... Pomp & Lightfoot 2009, Chevillon et al 1997, Lenski 1988a/b, Kim Huh & Fay 2009). This means that phenotypic correlations can change as a result of evolution by natural selection (Delph et al 2011). Examples have been documented with respect to fore and hindlimb correlations in mammals (Young et al. ...
... Pomp & Lightfoot 2009, Chevillon et al 1997, Lenski 1988a/b, Kim Huh & Fay 2009). This means that phenotypic correlations can change as a result of evolution by natural selection (Delph et al 2011). Examples have been documented with respect to fore and hindlimb correlations in mammals (Young et al. ...
1 Sequential elimination of major-effect contributors
... loci, many of these strategies have had poor success rates, potentially due to the confounding effects of major loci and epistasis. Therefore, to avoid confounding effects of major loci, epistasis and sample size, we used a targeted backcross mapping strategy that genetically eliminated the effect o ...
... loci, many of these strategies have had poor success rates, potentially due to the confounding effects of major loci and epistasis. Therefore, to avoid confounding effects of major loci, epistasis and sample size, we used a targeted backcross mapping strategy that genetically eliminated the effect o ...
Artificial selection on introduced Asian haplotypes shaped the
... to trace back the haplotypes that were introduced during the Industrial Revolution. In Bosse et al. [9], we examined the occurrence of Asian haplotypes (AS) in a population of European pigs that belong to the commercial Large White breed. Our results showed that AS are widely present in the genomes ...
... to trace back the haplotypes that were introduced during the Industrial Revolution. In Bosse et al. [9], we examined the occurrence of Asian haplotypes (AS) in a population of European pigs that belong to the commercial Large White breed. Our results showed that AS are widely present in the genomes ...
Estrogen receptor β gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to
... leiomyomas when compared with autologous myometrial tissue [7–11]. In 1996, the second estrogen receptor, ERb, was identified which is coded by the ESR2 gene. Like ERa, ERb also was reported to be expressed at higher levels in leiomyomas when compared with matched myometrium [12]. There are studies ...
... leiomyomas when compared with autologous myometrial tissue [7–11]. In 1996, the second estrogen receptor, ERb, was identified which is coded by the ESR2 gene. Like ERa, ERb also was reported to be expressed at higher levels in leiomyomas when compared with matched myometrium [12]. There are studies ...
Postzygotic isolation in Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana
... limitation of these morphological models is that many species, while distinct, are nearly identical in overall body plan. Many organisms are able to interbreed with other populations at a decreased rate, and so do not meet the above definition of a species even though restrictions to gene flow betwe ...
... limitation of these morphological models is that many species, while distinct, are nearly identical in overall body plan. Many organisms are able to interbreed with other populations at a decreased rate, and so do not meet the above definition of a species even though restrictions to gene flow betwe ...
The Evolution and Consequences of Sex-Specific
... populations and showed that selection favors alleles that code for lower stochasticity in age-specific survival and fertility. Selection against reproductive variance has also been demonstrated to affect the evolution of traits as diverse as sex allocation in hermaphrodites (Proulx 2000), dispersal i ...
... populations and showed that selection favors alleles that code for lower stochasticity in age-specific survival and fertility. Selection against reproductive variance has also been demonstrated to affect the evolution of traits as diverse as sex allocation in hermaphrodites (Proulx 2000), dispersal i ...
Figure Captions - Blackwell Publishing
... frequency of a alleles is 10/24. Any given A has a frequency of 14/24 and will encounter another A with probability of 14/24 or an a with the probability of 10/24. This makes the frequency of an A–A collision (14/24)2 and an A–a collision (14/24)(10/24), just as the probability of two independent ev ...
... frequency of a alleles is 10/24. Any given A has a frequency of 14/24 and will encounter another A with probability of 14/24 or an a with the probability of 10/24. This makes the frequency of an A–A collision (14/24)2 and an A–a collision (14/24)(10/24), just as the probability of two independent ev ...
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology is said to occur when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species—in other words, the occurrence of more than one form or morph. In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating).Polymorphism as described here involves morphs of the phenotype. The term is also used somewhat differently by molecular biologists to describe certain point mutations in the genotype, such as SNPs (see also RFLPs). This usage is not discussed in this article.Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation and adaptation; it usually functions to retain variety of form in a population living in a varied environment. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Other examples are mimetic forms of butterflies (see mimicry), and human hemoglobin and blood types.According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It is heritable and is modified by natural selection. In polyphenism, an individual's genetic make-up allows for different morphs, and the switch mechanism that determines which morph is shown is environmental. In genetic polymorphism, the genetic make-up determines the morph. Ants exhibit both types in a single population.Polymorphism also refers to the occurrence of structurally and functionally more than two different types of individuals, called zooids within the same organism. It is a characteristic feature of Cnidarians.For example, in Obelia there are feeding individuals, the gastrozooids; the individuals capable of asexual reproduction only, the gonozooids, blastostyles and free-living or sexually reproducing individuals, the medusae.