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Optimizing selection for quantitative traits with information on an
Optimizing selection for quantitative traits with information on an

... can maximize genetic progress in the short term (i.e. in the current generation), they may not maximize response to selection in the longer term. In fact, Gibson (1994) found that traditional selection, based on phenotypic information alone, resulted in greater genetic improvement in the longer term ...
Kinds of gene rearrangement
Kinds of gene rearrangement

Leukaemia Section 3q rearrangements in myeloid malignancies Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Leukaemia Section 3q rearrangements in myeloid malignancies Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... associated with ectopic EVI1 expression share the same prognostic features, however, has not been addressed. ...
Induction of the hair growth phase in postnatal mice by localized
Induction of the hair growth phase in postnatal mice by localized

... Induction of hair follicle growth and melanogenesis after intradermal administration of AdShh. AdShh, AdNull, or PBS was administered to the dorsal skin of postnatal day 19 C57BL/6 mice as in Figure 1c, and analyses were performed on postnatal day 26. (a) Histologic evaluation 7 days after vector ad ...
Early Onset of Severe Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with a
Early Onset of Severe Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with a

... Motoneuron disease in mice with combined CNTF and SOD-1 gene defects. A, CNTF genotyping of mice. Ethidium bromide–stained 2% agarose gel reveals bands of 97 bp for the wild-type allele (CNTF⫹/⫹) and 1.197 bp for the mutated allele (CNTF⫺/⫺). Heterozygous mice (CNTF⫹/⫺) show both bands. “M” denotes ...
The Interaction between Dietary Protein and Bone Health
The Interaction between Dietary Protein and Bone Health

... We did a search of PubMed looking at all articles generated by searching dietary protein, soy protein and milk protein respectively and either bone, bone density or fractures. All papers generally dealing with human subjects and the interaction between dietary protein and bone density, bone markers ...
Safety Assessment of Soy Proteins and Peptides as Used in
Safety Assessment of Soy Proteins and Peptides as Used in

... 71 kDa) and β (ca 50 kDa). The 11S globulin is a hexamer, and is made up of five different subunits, each of which consists of an acidic subunit A (ca 35 kDa) and a basic subunit B (ca 20 kDa), linked by a disulfide bond. The 11S globulin was found to dissociate into 2S, 3S or 7S forms in solutions ...
122602 Hydrophobic Surfactant Proteins in Lung Function
122602 Hydrophobic Surfactant Proteins in Lung Function

... ratory failure have been identified.17 Most infants with such a mutation present with progressive respiratory failure in the first 24 to 48 hours of life. Pulmonaryfunction studies and radiographic findings in these infants are consistent with surfactant deficiency. The disorder is usually inherited ...
An improved Escherichia coli donor strain for diparental mating
An improved Escherichia coli donor strain for diparental mating

... and a carbon source that cannot be utilized by E. coli, for example minimal medium with 0.3% citrate (Hoang et al., 1998). One drawback of a minimal medium might be slower growth of the recipient strains, and it is clearly not applicable for auxotrophic recipient strains. Another possibility is the ...
Large-scale Analysis of Pseudogenes in the Human Genome
Large-scale Analysis of Pseudogenes in the Human Genome

... component of phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex, complicates the detection of chronic granulomatous disease [42,43]. ...
RuBisCO in Non-Photosynthetic Alga Euglena longa: Divergent
RuBisCO in Non-Photosynthetic Alga Euglena longa: Divergent

Candidate gene scan for Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms involved
Candidate gene scan for Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms involved

... significant associations with 34 intergenic and extragenic SNPs. The majority of associations ...
Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene
Effect of the Polymorphisms of Keratin Associated Protein 8.2 Gene

... forty-two animals were used to detect polymorphisms in the complete coding sequence of the hircine KAP8.2 gene by means of PCRSSCP. The results identified six genotypes, AA, BB, DD, AB, AD and BD, coded for by three different alleles A, B and D. Two SNPs in the coding region were confirmed by sequen ...
Useful Information for Lay People
Useful Information for Lay People

... number of other experts. Thus a neurologist may be required to help in making the initial diagnosis and for periodic re views; an orthopaedic surgeon can sometimes help with operative intervention of appliances for foot and spinal deformities; an expert in physical medicine in the matter of exercise ...
Apical-basal pattern formation in the Arabidopsis
Apical-basal pattern formation in the Arabidopsis

Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: current status and future
Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: current status and future

... risk of bleeding are influenced by environmental factors such as the intake of vitamin K, illness, age, gender, concurrent medication and body surface area, and by genetic variation.1–8 To be able to improve the benefit–harm profile associated with warfarin therapy, all these factors need to be take ...
Gene Section WWC1 (WW and C2 domain containing 1)
Gene Section WWC1 (WW and C2 domain containing 1)

... The gene of WWC1 locates on chromosome 5q34, with 23 exons crossing 180244bp (including untranslated regions) on the plus strand. In total 137 single nucleotide polymorphisms are present in ≥ 1% of samples according to UCSC database. ...
Chapter 1: What is PKU?
Chapter 1: What is PKU?

... 15,000 babies born in the United States1. A person with PKU does not produce enough of an enzyme in their liver called phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). This enzyme is needed to process the amino acid, phenylalanine (Phe), which is found in food items that contain protein2. Usually, when people eat p ...
(..rignt click_Save Target As..)
(..rignt click_Save Target As..)

... Sex-Linked genes are genes on the Z chromosome. Roosters have two Z chromosomes and hens have only one Z chromosome, plus one W chromosome. As the hens only have one sex-linked allele for any given locus, both dominant and recessive sex-linked genes are expressed with just one gene (as hemizygous). ...
PhD Thesis Secondary metabolism and its regulation in
PhD Thesis Secondary metabolism and its regulation in

... compounds, insecticides, or herbicides. However, with the increasing bacterial resistance against routinely used antibiotics and the presence of still uncured diseases like cancer or AIDS, there is a very urgent need for new bioactive molecules. Important reservoirs of such bioactive compounds are t ...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Endothelial Nitric
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of the Endothelial Nitric

... regionalized it to 7q35–q36. eNOS and nNOS are isoforms of constitutive NOS, and they are involved in cellular signaling pathways (Brenman et al, 1996). Both enzymes are calcium/calmodulin dependent, and they are rapidly activated by agonists that elevate intracellular free Ca2+ (Sessa et al, 1993). ...
Exam Questions from Exam 1 – Basic Genetic Tests
Exam Questions from Exam 1 – Basic Genetic Tests

... Next you isolate a mutant strain of yeast that cannot grow on medium lacking leucine. This strain contains a single mutation you call leu1–. The leu1– mutation is near to drk1– on the same chromosome. When the leu1– mutant is mated to wild-type yeast, the resulting diploids cannot grow on medium lac ...
Tomé, S., Manley, K., Simard, J.P., Clark, G.W., Slean, M.M., Swami
Tomé, S., Manley, K., Simard, J.P., Clark, G.W., Slean, M.M., Swami

... in human HD and DM1 stem cells [38]. MMR is a pathway dedicated to protecting against mutations arising from mispaired nucleotides and insertion/deletion loops [39]. There are two heterodimeric protein complexes that recognize unpaired DNAs: MutSa consists of MSH2-MSH6, and MutSb is formed by MSH2–M ...
A chitin-binding domain in a marine bacterial
A chitin-binding domain in a marine bacterial

... contrast, catalytic domains of cellulases do not appear to follow phylogeny, although cellulose-binding domains in cellulases from a single bacterium can be quite similar (Gilkes et al., 1991). T o gain a better understanding of bacterial chitinases and especially the chitin-binding domain, we exami ...
Gene Expression Databases - HSLS
Gene Expression Databases - HSLS

... Copyright restrictions may apply. ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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