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... III. Weak Linkage Regulation ...
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Organic Anion Transporting
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Organic Anion Transporting

... NY), kernicterus still occurs; these cases highlight the need for continued study of the etiology of hyperbilirubinemia.19 Neither hyperbilirubinemia nor kernicterus are reportable diseases, and there are no reliable sources of information providing national annual estimates.19 The primary risk fact ...
Chemically Mediated Site-Specific Proteolysis. Alteration of Protein
Chemically Mediated Site-Specific Proteolysis. Alteration of Protein

... To test the feasibility of this strategy at the level of a protein complex, the ecotin-trypsin complex was chosen as a model system. Ecotin, a homodimer protein present in E. coli, is a potent, competitive inhibitor of serine proteases (17). Ecotin is unique in its ability to inhibit a range of seri ...
the art and design of genetic screens
the art and design of genetic screens

... Geneticists use both forward and reverse selections. A forward selection allows the growth of mutants in which a particular gene function is lost. For example, the selection used by Luria and Delbruck3 for resistance to phage T1 is a forward selection that allows the growth of bacteria that have los ...
Identification of a novel duplication in the APC gene using multiple
Identification of a novel duplication in the APC gene using multiple

... Germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC ) gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant disease characterized by hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum, with progression to colorectal cancer. The majority of APC mutations are nu ...
SEARCH_16S: A new algorithm for identifying 16S
SEARCH_16S: A new algorithm for identifying 16S

... The start and end of the gene are found by searching a candidate segment for the boundary motifs C11F = GNTTGATCNTGNC and C1512R = AGTCNNAACAAGGTANCNNTA, allowing up to four mismatches and choosing the match with fewest differences. If matches to both motifs are found, and the sequence truncated to ...
Best Plant Protein
Best Plant Protein

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Review Molecular Biology in Arteriosclerosis Research
Review Molecular Biology in Arteriosclerosis Research

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as Word 2000

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MAMMALS THAT BREAK THE RULES:Genetics of Marsupials and
MAMMALS THAT BREAK THE RULES:Genetics of Marsupials and

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the Gene Ontology
the Gene Ontology

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EIN4 and ERS2 Are Members of the Putative Ethylene Receptor

... yeast osmolarity sensing pathway (Maeda et al., 1994). Alternately, the ethylene receptors could interact directly with CTR1 (Clark et al., 1998). EIN3 acts downstream of ETR1 and CTR1. It encodes a novel nuclear-localized protein and probably is involved in transcriptional regulation (Chao et al., ...
A Bayesian Network Classification Methodology for Gene
A Bayesian Network Classification Methodology for Gene

... is labeled—associating with each training case the class to which it belongs—supports statistical methods for constructing a classifier. After training on a collection of labeled data, a classifier is constructed which, when presented with new query cases, predicts a class label from gene expression ...
Promoter Analysis of the Mouse Sterol Regulatory Element
Promoter Analysis of the Mouse Sterol Regulatory Element

... abolished the basal activity, demonstrating that this NF-Y site is essential for basal promoter activity of SREBP-1c. SREBP Activation of the Mouse SREBP-1c Gene Promoter— The SRE containing promoters analyzed to date in sterol-regulated genes contain NF-Y or Sp1 sites adjacent to SREs, and these co ...
Mapping the Genetic Architecture of Gene Expression in Human Liver
Mapping the Genetic Architecture of Gene Expression in Human Liver

... Genetic variants that are associated with common human diseases do not lead directly to disease, but instead act on intermediate, molecular phenotypes that in turn induce changes in higher-order disease traits. Therefore, identifying the molecular phenotypes that vary in response to changes in DNA a ...
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Molecular pathogenesis of feline leukemia virus

... polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genome walking have been applied to detect integration sites for kinds of retroviruses such as MuLV, ALV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Bushman et al., 2005; Uren et al., 2005). One of them, inverse PCR, has been established early. A lot of different in ...
ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY

... NO. This phage contains an amber mutation in a gene required for phage DNA replication, the first step of the lytic life cycle. Since the bacterial strain does not contain an amber suppressor tRNA, no phage replication--and thus no cell lysis—will occur during the infection. b) Predict whether all, ...
Pol Is a Candidate for the Mouse Pulmonary
Pol Is a Candidate for the Mouse Pulmonary

... United States (1). Although cigarette smoke is implicated in ⬃90% of male and 75– 80% of female lung cancer deaths, only ⬃15% of heavy smokers will ultimately develop lung cancer, which suggests that there is variation in individual susceptibility to lung cancer (2, 3). Inbred strains of mice vary m ...
Statistical analysis of DNA microarray data
Statistical analysis of DNA microarray data

... Which genes to use for normalization  Housekeeping genes  Genes involved in essential activities of cell maintenance and survival, but not in cell function and proliferation  These genes will be similarly expressed in all samples.  Difficult to identify – need to be confirmed  Affymetrix GeneC ...
Introduction to GO Annotation
Introduction to GO Annotation

... encode a novel receptor-like kinase. We have shown that like other plant RLKs, the kinase domain of PERK1 has serine/threonine kinase activity, In addition, the location of a PERK1-GTP fusion protein to the plasma membrane supports the prediction that PERK1 is an integral membrane protein…these kina ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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