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- Ex Student Archive
- Ex Student Archive

... well documented for their effect in the target population. Today only a limited number of markers have been confirmed to have a functional effect (Kühn et al., 2005). According to Dekkers (2004) there are three different types of genetic markers that can be used in MAS 1) direct markers, coding for ...
(COX2) gene in giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca
(COX2) gene in giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca

... The COX2 sequences obtained herein were consistent with those within the complete mitochondrial genome of giant panda as reported (Peng et al., 2007) and with those deposited in GenBank, as the BLAST results revealed 100% sequence identity. Although some mutations were detected in the COX2 sequences ...
6.3 Mendel and Heredity
6.3 Mendel and Heredity

... that are the same at a specific locus. Ex: (RR or rr) ...
use of genomic tools to discover the cause of
use of genomic tools to discover the cause of

... I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) o ...
Complete Characterization of the 3 Mouse Hereditary Hemochromatosis HFE Gene and
Complete Characterization of the 3 Mouse Hereditary Hemochromatosis HFE Gene and

... doi:10.1006/bcmd.2000.0346, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on ...
Daisy quorum drives for the genetic restoration of wild
Daisy quorum drives for the genetic restoration of wild

... It's worth re-emphasizing that pre-registration preprints are readily transformed into grant proposals and publications alike, so the effort of composition is by no means wasted. If peer evaluation of proposals becomes common, this will not only serve to improve experimental designs and increase saf ...
Reebop Ratios - West Branch Schools
Reebop Ratios - West Branch Schools

... • We can find out the expected number of curly-tailed and straight-tailed babies with a tool called Punnett’s Square. • We will call it Punnett’s “Fertilization ...
A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single
A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single

... produce a protein with 57 additional N-terminal amino acids compared with the reference gene (Fig. 2B). However, the three bases prior to the new 5'-ATG-3' sequence, 5'-AAT-3', is a poor match to the Kozak consensus sequence, 5'-ACC-3', discussed above in reference 12. Therefore, it is unclear wheth ...
PDF
PDF

... modern vertebrate clusters apparently arose by serial duplication of a 13 member cluster with subsequent deletions. As a result, the homologous genes in different clusters (referred to as paralogues) are more similar to each other than they are to adjacent genes in the same cluster. Paralogous genes ...
software development and application in bioinformatics: single
software development and application in bioinformatics: single

... This thesis incorporates two projects, one in assessing software availability and application in detecting SNPs for next generation sequencing, and the other in software engineering of a social networking environment for use in biomedical informatics. SNP Detection: The study on variations in DNA se ...
Solid Tumour Section Mesothelioma: t(14;22)(q32;q12) in mesothelioma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Solid Tumour Section Mesothelioma: t(14;22)(q32;q12) in mesothelioma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... exon 8 of EWSR1 (nucleotide 1139 accession number NM_013986 version 3; former exon 7 in sequence with accession number X66899) is fused to exon 2 of YY1 (nucleotide 1160 accession number NM_003403 version 3). The putative EWSR1-YY1 protein would contain the transactivation domain of EWSR1 and the DN ...
(EC 2.2.1.1) active in the Calvin cycle of spinach chloroplasts
(EC 2.2.1.1) active in the Calvin cycle of spinach chloroplasts

... (DHAS) during methanol assimilation [ 19]. Comparatively little is known about the plant transketolase enzyme. Some previous studies indicated that higher plants in general might possess chloroplast and cytosolic TKL isoenzymes [21, 29], whereas others reported that most, if not all, TKL activity is ...
AllBio_DJK
AllBio_DJK

... A_87_P014348 ...
Molecular ecology and selection in the drought-
Molecular ecology and selection in the drought-

... mechanistic complex trait. In terms of genetics, the multiple individual traits that make up drought tolerance are usually inherited quantitatively with very few major genes for drought tolerance mechanisms known, although Blair et al. [7] did find some quantitative trait loci for drought tolerance. ...
Relationship between expression and methylation of obesity
Relationship between expression and methylation of obesity

... PPARG, two genes with well-known roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. ADIPOR1, which encodes one of the major skeletal muscle receptors for the protein hormone adiponectin, plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism (31). PPARG is alternatively spliced to form two mature messenge ...
Genes involved in ovulation rate and litter size in sheep
Genes involved in ovulation rate and litter size in sheep

... with fertility so that breeding can include genotypic information from animals. This will increase the genetic improvements in reproduction traits since it will be easier to collect data and information of the animal’s traits. Focusing of development of fertility traits will have a long term effect ...
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

... selection for malT + transductants. Resistance to the OmpC protein specific phage Mel was used to check for cotransduction of the ompB gene. The cell envelope protein patterns of strain CE1193 (slot a) and of a representative example of a malT + Mel resistant (and therefore ompB) transductant of thi ...
The Underlying Similarity of Diversity Measures Used in
The Underlying Similarity of Diversity Measures Used in

... cluster theory this is called the statistic scatter, see [7]. Now, since the Hamming distance is symmetric, and is equal to 0 if the strings are the same, only the lower triangle in a chromosome-pairs table need be considered when computing the diversity. Consequently the all-possible-pairs diversit ...
Codon usage and lateral gene transfer in Bacillus subtilis Ivan
Codon usage and lateral gene transfer in Bacillus subtilis Ivan

... by a given ribosome, this ribosome will behave as an attractor of those tRNA molecules that are adapted to the specific codon bias of the mRNA. This creates an efficient selection pressure leading to adaptation of the codon usage of the translated message as a function of its position in the cell's ...
How does chromosome behavior account for Mendel`s Principles ?
How does chromosome behavior account for Mendel`s Principles ?

... A geneticist wants to map the position of three dominant/recessive allele pairs (A/a, B/b, and F/f) relative to each other in D. melanogaster (fruit flies). For simplicity let’s say all the dominant alleles are on the same chromosome. Where should she begin? 1. Do AaBb x aabb and look for recombinan ...
1. (a) (i) A gene controlling coat colour in cats is sex linked. The two
1. (a) (i) A gene controlling coat colour in cats is sex linked. The two

... are more likely to survive and reproduce than the intermediate phenotypes. (b) ...
Direct Deletion Analysis in Two Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Direct Deletion Analysis in Two Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

... We determined the segregation of the STR (CA)n alleles that were located within the deletion-prone regions 5’DYS-II, 07A, 5’-7n4, STR 44, STR 45, STR 49, and STR 50. The PCR products of the alleles were analyzed by superimposing the traces of the proband to that of her relatives. The haplotypes of t ...
Gene silencing: RNA makes RNA makes no
Gene silencing: RNA makes RNA makes no

... gene silencing in plants [9]. It would not, however, explain why base-paired regions of endogenous RNA do not activate post-transcriptional gene silencing. A further uncertainty concerns the nature of the RNA produced by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It is unlikely that the RNA-dependent RNA pol ...
Identification, cloning and sequence determination of genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast.
Identification, cloning and sequence determination of genes specifying hexokinase A and B from yeast.

... and 3' ends of the HKB structural gene were calculated to be roughly 1170 nucleotides upstream and 210 downstream from the PstI site. Since a number of restriction sites had already been identified in these regions, they were used to obtain suitable DNA fragments from pBR328(EcoII) for dideoxy seque ...
Biological data integration using semantic Web technology
Biological data integration using semantic Web technology

... build new knowledge, for example data stored in an organism’s specific database (such as FlyBase) with results of microarray experiments and information available on related species. However, a large majority of current databases does not use a uniform way to name biological entities. As a result, a ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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