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A Study of Gene Linkage and Mapping Using Tetrad Analysis
A Study of Gene Linkage and Mapping Using Tetrad Analysis

... collectively called a tetrad. In most organisms the products of each meiotic division are not kept separate but become part of a “pool” of meiotic products (gametes). The mating activities of the parents combine these meiotic products in a random fashion to produce the next generation. Thus, in most ...
Evolution by the birth-and-death process in multigene
Evolution by the birth-and-death process in multigene

... loci (28). The mechanism of maintenance of this polymorphism has been debated for the last 30 years, and it still remains controversial (15, 19, 29). The hypotheses proposed to explain the polymorphism include those of maternal–fetal incompatibility, mating preference, overdominant selection, freque ...
Gentile, Margaret: Computational Methods for the Design of PCR Primers for the Amplification of functional Markers from Environmental Samples
Gentile, Margaret: Computational Methods for the Design of PCR Primers for the Amplification of functional Markers from Environmental Samples

... neglected to deal with the challenges which complicate the search for so called “conserved regions”. On the protein level, many different amino acid sequences could yield the same functional protein, because amino acids in some regions of the protein can replace each other without affecting activity ...
Human Traits Lab
Human Traits Lab

... 55 An offspring inherited a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other parent for the same trait. Which of the following is a possible explanation for what will be exhibited by the offspring for that trait? A The offspring will exhibit the recessive trait with the dominant ...
Recommended Nomenclature for the Vertebrate Alcohol
Recommended Nomenclature for the Vertebrate Alcohol

... named ADH1. For multiple isoenzymes within a class, we recommend adding a capital letter after the Arabic number rather than Greek symbols. Thus, the three human class I ADHs previously called ADHa, ADHb, and ADHg are named ADH1A, ADH1B, and ADH1C, respectively. For genes, we recommend the italicize ...
Extended guide for authors
Extended guide for authors

... Notes & Tips is a section for manuscripts of about two printed pages but no longer than three pages. The intent is to accommodate methods that can be summarized in a shorter format allowing more rapid publication, as well as to provide helpful ‘‘kitchen tricks.’’ The standards are the same as those ...
Quantitative genetics of gene expression during fruit fly - EMBL-EBI
Quantitative genetics of gene expression during fruit fly - EMBL-EBI

... In 1865, Gregor Mendel laid the foundations for the systematic study of inheritance with his famous experiments on pea plants. In the 150 years since then, techniques such as linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variation associated with thousands of different ...
X-Linked Dominant Control of F-Cells in Normal
X-Linked Dominant Control of F-Cells in Normal

... was also observed in the 21 probands ...
Word 76 KB - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator
Word 76 KB - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator

... Import and therapeutic use of the GM vaccines will require import authorisation from the Department of Agriculture and registration with the Therapeutic Goods Administration, respectively. The Regulator sought advice from GTTAC on the following matters that have been identified by the Regulator as ...
Sample final exam questions – BI/FS 430(H)/530
Sample final exam questions – BI/FS 430(H)/530

... 28. Given that you have a genetically engineered Agrobacterium strain to start with, describe four steps, and their purposes, that are generally employed in producing a transgenic plant ready for testing in the field. (4 pts) ...
Characterizing the Grape Transcriptome
Characterizing the Grape Transcriptome

... Ontology categories. A simple structured vocabulary, with modules for plant genotype, plant development, and stress, was developed to describe the relationship between individual expressed sequence tags and cDNA libraries; the resulting vocabulary provides query terms to facilitate data mining withi ...
The Arabidopsis WAVY GROWTH 2 Protein Modulates Root
The Arabidopsis WAVY GROWTH 2 Protein Modulates Root

... psc.riken.jp; fax 81-45-503-9591. The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instruction for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Tatsuya Sakai ([email protected]). Article, publication date, and ...
Hemoglobin A2: origin, evolution, and aftermath
Hemoglobin A2: origin, evolution, and aftermath

... data which indicated that humans and Old World monkeys diverged after the divergence from New World Monkeys. This conundrum was ultimately solved with the finding that &globin genes are indeed present in Old World monkeys, but have been inactivated by mutation.3842 After examination of the gene sequ ...
Coordinated concentration changes of transcript and metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Coordinated concentration changes of transcript and metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

... related: although instances of relationships between the concentrations of metabolites and related biosynthetic enzymes have been described [9,16], other systems-level studies have noted that the majority of individual gene–metabolite correlations that they observed had no direct interpretation [11] ...
Molecular genetics of the extracellular lipase of
Molecular genetics of the extracellular lipase of

... amino acids including a leader sequence of 26 amino acids. The mature protein was predicted to have a M , of 30134, an isoelectric point of 5.6, and a consensus sequence (IGHSHGG) typical of lipases. Furthermore it is highly homologous ( >60%) to other lipases from various pseudomonads. The 1ipA gen ...
CAIcal: A combined set of tools to assess codon usage adaptation
CAIcal: A combined set of tools to assess codon usage adaptation

... the start codon of the E1 gene, and the acceptor site situated close to the middle of the E2 gene [24,25]. The fact that most of E4 overlaps with E2, that the mature E1^E4 protein contains a few amino acids from E1 and that the splice sites are not strictly conserved, makes it difficult to determine ...
A novel C. elegans zinc finger transcription factor, lsy
A novel C. elegans zinc finger transcription factor, lsy

... morphologically bilaterally symmetric taste-receptor neurons ASEL and ASER develop from a common ground state to express a number of features that are specific for ASEL versus ASER (Fig. 1A). These left/right asymmetric features include the expression of several putative chemoreceptors of the GCY fa ...
letters - Centre for Social Evolution
letters - Centre for Social Evolution

... sex-determining function by RNAi knockdown experiments. Only csd and the new fem gene, located 12 kb upstream of csd, have sex determination function (Fig. 1b). RNAi-induced knockdowns of fem in females result in a developmental switch to entire male head differentiation (Fig. 1b), whereas knockdown ...
PDF
PDF

... Npc2, a small, secreted protein that binds cholesterol strongly, was first found as an abundant component of human epididymal fluid and later linked through human genetics to the inherited cause of NPC disease in about 5% of the families studied (Naureckiene et al., 2000). The crystal structure of N ...
(mmg) operon of Bacillus
(mmg) operon of Bacillus

... various industries. Hence this organism is extensively studied. The genome of this bacterium has around 4000 protein coding sequences, which include 87% of the genome sequence. Because of its ability to use different carbohydrates, the glycolytic pathway along with the TCA cycle is utilized in this ...
ZytoLight ® CLL I Probe SPEC TP53/ATM Dual Color Probe
ZytoLight ® CLL I Probe SPEC TP53/ATM Dual Color Probe

... for the detection of deletions affecting the genes TP53 and ATM, and the ZytoLight ® CLL II Probe is designed for the detection of D13S319 deletions as well as for the enumeration of chromosome 12. CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) is the most common form of leukemia in Western population. About 80 ...
PHI-Canto video tutorial text - PHI-base
PHI-Canto video tutorial text - PHI-base

... And we move onto Step5c adding an annotation term. # In this case to the curation type ‘PHI phenotype’. # I am looking for ‘unaffected pathogenicity’ in the search box # which is one of 9 upper level PHI phenotype outcome terms used in the preliminary annotation. Subsequent additional PHI phenotype ...
ARTÍCULOS
ARTÍCULOS

... characterize the interaction between H-NS and Hha. We show that the presence of DNA in preparations of copurified His-Hha and H-NS is not directly implicated in the interaction between the proteins. The precise molecular mass of the H-NS protein retained by Hha, obtained by mass spectrometry analysis ...
A/a · B/b
A/a · B/b

... another child that is Rh– so she must carry both of these recessive alleles.) Only the husband could donate O to child 1. Only the lover could donate A and N to child 2. Both the husband and the lover could have donated the necessary alleles to child 3. 14. The key to solving this problem is in the ...
Exam 2
Exam 2

... and cannot repair any of the known deletions. Based upon these results, what can you infer about the properties and location of the mutation. Deletion mutation because cannot revert (could also be a double mutant). Removes at least part of deletion interval #3 c. Propose a genetic recombination expe ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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