manual - Cedar Crest College
... 4. The treatment of nonrandom mating has been extended. In previous versions, nonrandom mating was simulated by first randomly choosing a pair of individuals to mate, then determining if the mating was ...
... 4. The treatment of nonrandom mating has been extended. In previous versions, nonrandom mating was simulated by first randomly choosing a pair of individuals to mate, then determining if the mating was ...
Basic quantitative genetics, the “breeders equation
... the direction of selection when the population is away from the equilibrium, but they do not allow us to predict the rate of evolutionary change. For some problems, we would very much like to know the response to selection and rate of change as well as just the direction of selection and the local m ...
... the direction of selection when the population is away from the equilibrium, but they do not allow us to predict the rate of evolutionary change. For some problems, we would very much like to know the response to selection and rate of change as well as just the direction of selection and the local m ...
Mendel`s Principles
... Activity A: The Chromosomal Basis of Segregation Diploid cells contain two sets of homologous chromosomes. One set, or one member of each pair, comes from each parent. Each pair of homologous chromosomes carries genes that govern the same traits. For example, in pea plants, flower color is determine ...
... Activity A: The Chromosomal Basis of Segregation Diploid cells contain two sets of homologous chromosomes. One set, or one member of each pair, comes from each parent. Each pair of homologous chromosomes carries genes that govern the same traits. For example, in pea plants, flower color is determine ...
Example Final Exam
... requiring mutants. Which individuals have allelic mutations? In the picture a line indicates a parental streak. A squiggle indicates grown colony after mating and transfer of mated cells to minimal medium. ...
... requiring mutants. Which individuals have allelic mutations? In the picture a line indicates a parental streak. A squiggle indicates grown colony after mating and transfer of mated cells to minimal medium. ...
Natural selection
... Fitness: An individual’s contribution to the next generation. Determined by the probability of survival to reproduction and the number of offspring an individual produces. It is often expressed as a relative measure. ...
... Fitness: An individual’s contribution to the next generation. Determined by the probability of survival to reproduction and the number of offspring an individual produces. It is often expressed as a relative measure. ...
![Pitfalls in Genetic Association Studies [M.Tevfik DORAK]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008488478_1-776110a63a55f051c4f421301cc8b5d6-300x300.png)
Pitfalls in Genetic Association Studies [M.Tevfik DORAK]
... 2x3x2 table. This is particularly relevant when allele B is rare, with few BB observations in cases and controls. Alternatively, under a recessive model for allele B, cells AA and AB would be pooled. Analysing by alleles provides an alternative perspective for case control data. This breaks down gen ...
... 2x3x2 table. This is particularly relevant when allele B is rare, with few BB observations in cases and controls. Alternatively, under a recessive model for allele B, cells AA and AB would be pooled. Analysing by alleles provides an alternative perspective for case control data. This breaks down gen ...
Plant breeding
... DNA chunks (in trans). Being controlled by genes means that recombination is also variable in frequency, location, thus it can be selected to increase fitness by nature, because the more recombination the more variability and the more variability the easier it is for the population to handle changes ...
... DNA chunks (in trans). Being controlled by genes means that recombination is also variable in frequency, location, thus it can be selected to increase fitness by nature, because the more recombination the more variability and the more variability the easier it is for the population to handle changes ...
DOC
... DNA chunks (in trans). Being controlled by genes means that recombination is also variable in frequency, location, thus it can be selected to increase fitness by nature, because the more recombination the more variability and the more variability the easier it is for the population to handle changes ...
... DNA chunks (in trans). Being controlled by genes means that recombination is also variable in frequency, location, thus it can be selected to increase fitness by nature, because the more recombination the more variability and the more variability the easier it is for the population to handle changes ...
The Fishy Frequencies Lab
... The Hardy-Weinberg Principle states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change. The situation in which allele frequencies remain constant is called genetic equilibrium. Five conditions are required to maintain genetic equ ...
... The Hardy-Weinberg Principle states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change. The situation in which allele frequencies remain constant is called genetic equilibrium. Five conditions are required to maintain genetic equ ...
Evolution by Phenotype
... often many-to-many relationships. A genotype can be associated with a range of phenotypes (e.g., quantitative measures such as blood pressure, or qualitative ones like affected/unaffected); this is due to the imprecision of biological processes discussed above, not to mention environmental effects ( ...
... often many-to-many relationships. A genotype can be associated with a range of phenotypes (e.g., quantitative measures such as blood pressure, or qualitative ones like affected/unaffected); this is due to the imprecision of biological processes discussed above, not to mention environmental effects ( ...
Last semester I tried a new strategy to teach macro
... Last semester I tried a new strategy to teach macro-evolutionary processes. I have used a simple chart for years (see below), which I thought was quite succinct; if they could explain the chart they could explain the processes & thus demonstrate their understanding of them. It didn’t work for every ...
... Last semester I tried a new strategy to teach macro-evolutionary processes. I have used a simple chart for years (see below), which I thought was quite succinct; if they could explain the chart they could explain the processes & thus demonstrate their understanding of them. It didn’t work for every ...
Exam 1 (Instructor, Fall 2012)
... 43. Cultures of strain A- and B- were placed in separate halves of a U-tube as shown above. Using pressure and suction, the media but not cells were passed from one side of the fine filter to the other. Following this media exchange, strain A- and B- cells were taken and plated on minimal medium and ...
... 43. Cultures of strain A- and B- were placed in separate halves of a U-tube as shown above. Using pressure and suction, the media but not cells were passed from one side of the fine filter to the other. Following this media exchange, strain A- and B- cells were taken and plated on minimal medium and ...
Name Date ______ Mrs. Geithner-Marron (Biology200) Period
... 8. To figure out the “Surviving # of ‘F’ alleles”: count the remaining red/brown (F) beans (from the FF and Ff cups) and record the number in the chart in the column labeled "Surviving # of ‘’F’ Alleles" (column 4) 9. To figure out the “Surviving # of ‘f’ alleles”: count the remaining white (f) bean ...
... 8. To figure out the “Surviving # of ‘F’ alleles”: count the remaining red/brown (F) beans (from the FF and Ff cups) and record the number in the chart in the column labeled "Surviving # of ‘’F’ Alleles" (column 4) 9. To figure out the “Surviving # of ‘f’ alleles”: count the remaining white (f) bean ...
FFTNS and the shifting balance theory p2
... valley, FFTNS take over and the population moves to the global peak, where 100% have CC genotype. We noted earlier that natural selection cannot get the population across the valley on its own. Two other population genetic forces can provide a means of getting the population across: 1. Strong drift ...
... valley, FFTNS take over and the population moves to the global peak, where 100% have CC genotype. We noted earlier that natural selection cannot get the population across the valley on its own. Two other population genetic forces can provide a means of getting the population across: 1. Strong drift ...
Key to Reebop Traits
... generalized view of one pair of homologous chromosomes from an individual human. The two chromosomes are the same shape and size, and carry alleles for the same genes at equivalent positions. Assume the chromosome on the left is from the father and the one on the right is from the mother. You should ...
... generalized view of one pair of homologous chromosomes from an individual human. The two chromosomes are the same shape and size, and carry alleles for the same genes at equivalent positions. Assume the chromosome on the left is from the father and the one on the right is from the mother. You should ...
Probability and Punnett Squares
... dominant over the allele for shortness (t), 3/4 of the F2 plants should be tall. ! The ratio of tall plants (TT or Tt) to short (tt) plants is 3:1. ! The predicted ratio showed up in Mendel’s experiments indicating that segregation did occur. ...
... dominant over the allele for shortness (t), 3/4 of the F2 plants should be tall. ! The ratio of tall plants (TT or Tt) to short (tt) plants is 3:1. ! The predicted ratio showed up in Mendel’s experiments indicating that segregation did occur. ...
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR ABG 503 2 Units
... 1. There is existence of some factors now called genes which are responsible for the inheritance of traits or characteristics. 2. Genes occur in pairs: Alternative phenotypes of a character are determined by different forms of a single type of gene called alleles. 3. Each parent contributes one fact ...
... 1. There is existence of some factors now called genes which are responsible for the inheritance of traits or characteristics. 2. Genes occur in pairs: Alternative phenotypes of a character are determined by different forms of a single type of gene called alleles. 3. Each parent contributes one fact ...
Chapter 11: Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity
... – Assess the benefits and risks of diagnostic fetal testing Review Vocabulary – Mitosis- a process in the nucleus of a dividing cell, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase New Vocabulary ...
... – Assess the benefits and risks of diagnostic fetal testing Review Vocabulary – Mitosis- a process in the nucleus of a dividing cell, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase New Vocabulary ...
Slide 1
... A person with cystic fibrosis has inherited two faulty alleles for a certain gene on one of their chromosomes, chromosome 7. It is hoped that it may one day be possible to repair the faulty alleles using gene therapy, perhaps by putting the normal allele into the cells of the lungs. ...
... A person with cystic fibrosis has inherited two faulty alleles for a certain gene on one of their chromosomes, chromosome 7. It is hoped that it may one day be possible to repair the faulty alleles using gene therapy, perhaps by putting the normal allele into the cells of the lungs. ...
Genetic Variation
... of homologous chromosomes. Recall during prophase I, homologous chromosomes line up in pairs, gene-forgene down their entire length, forming a configuration with four chromatids, known as a tetrad. At this point, the chromatids are very close to each other and some material from two chromatids switc ...
... of homologous chromosomes. Recall during prophase I, homologous chromosomes line up in pairs, gene-forgene down their entire length, forming a configuration with four chromatids, known as a tetrad. At this point, the chromatids are very close to each other and some material from two chromatids switc ...
Genetic drift
Genetic drift (or allelic drift) is the change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.The alleles in the offspring are a sample of those in the parents, and chance has a role in determining whether a given individual survives and reproduces. A population's allele frequency is the fraction of the copies of one gene that share a particular form. Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation.When there are few copies of an allele, the effect of genetic drift is larger, and when there are many copies the effect is smaller. In the early twentieth century vigorous debates occurred over the relative importance of natural selection versus neutral processes, including genetic drift. Ronald Fisher, who explained natural selection using Mendelian genetics, held the view that genetic drift plays at the most a minor role in evolution, and this remained the dominant view for several decades. In 1968, Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution, which claims that most instances where a genetic change spreads across a population (although not necessarily changes in phenotypes) are caused by genetic drift. There is currently a scientific debate about how much of evolution has been caused by natural selection, and how much by genetic drift.