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Chapter 13 - HCC Learning Web
Chapter 13 - HCC Learning Web

...  If some individuals with the allele do not show the phenotype, penetrance is incomplete. If 80% of individuals with the gene show the trait, the gene has 80% penetrance  Human examples include:  Brachydactyly involves abnormalities of the fingers, and shows 50–80% penetrance  Many cancer genes ...
Activity 1: I`m all Keyed Up - Pitt-Bradford
Activity 1: I`m all Keyed Up - Pitt-Bradford

... One of the first steps used to study how traits are inherited is to design a key. Using the letters of the alphabet, simply select a letter to symbolize the trait you are investigating. For example, you might want to use the letter “n” to symbolize the length of the dragon’s neck. The upper case ver ...
Fitness - Zoology, UBC - University of British Columbia
Fitness - Zoology, UBC - University of British Columbia

... fitness of an individual determines how many individuals there will be in the following generations. Since alleles tend to increase or decrease in frequency relative to the frequency of other alleles, knowledge of relative fitness (Table 1) is often sufficient to predict evolutionary change. That is, th ...
emergency rule making petition to stop the bison slaughter
emergency rule making petition to stop the bison slaughter

... when the Church Universal & Triumphant removed all cattle from their private lands in the fall of 2008, yet the agencies have not made operational changes to adapt this next step in the field. Individuals make a population. Here, newborn bison calves frolic in a mountain meadow pasture and build soc ...
Section 11-3 - Pearson School
Section 11-3 - Pearson School

... 3. Circle the letter that best describes the F1 offspring of Mendel’s two-factor cross. a. Homozygous dominant with round yellow peas b. Homozygous recessive with wrinkled green peas c. Heterozygous dominant with round yellow peas d. Heterozygous recessive with wrinkled green peas 4. Is the followin ...
Genetics
Genetics

... Law of Independent Assortment • Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during egg and sperm formation. • So there is no relation, for example, between a cat's color and tail length. • This increases genetic diversity by producing different genetic combinations. • In independ ...
Section 11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics
Section 11-3 Exploring Mendelian Genetics

... 3. Circle the letter that best describes the F1 offspring of Mendel’s two-factor cross. a. Homozygous dominant with round yellow peas b. Homozygous recessive with wrinkled green peas c. Heterozygous dominant with round yellow peas d. Heterozygous recessive with wrinkled green peas 4. Is the followin ...
Bio07_TR__U04_CH11.QXD
Bio07_TR__U04_CH11.QXD

... 3. Circle the letter that best describes the F1 offspring of Mendel’s two-factor cross. a. Homozygous dominant with round yellow peas b. Homozygous recessive with wrinkled green peas c. Heterozygous dominant with round yellow peas d. Heterozygous recessive with wrinkled green peas 4. Is the followin ...
Biology Answers Cr8 moderation
Biology Answers Cr8 moderation

... all daughters must receive an affected X from their father (males do not receive an X from the father, therefore unaffected). (1). Responses might also include other rationales such as: This can also be seen in generation IV where all affected fathers pass on the trait to all daughters (1). Generati ...
outline25282 - American Academy of Optometry
outline25282 - American Academy of Optometry

... clinical picture or the observed expression of the gene. This can be a grossly observable characteristic of the individual or a specific protein. Genotype-phenotype correlation studies seek to define whether certain clinical features of a condition are seen with a specific mutation of the gene. Plei ...
IB-Mendelian-Genetics-powerpoint-2016
IB-Mendelian-Genetics-powerpoint-2016

... Mendel hypothesized that the two pairs of alleles segregate independently of each other.  The presence of one specific allele for one trait has no impact on the presence of a specific allele for the second trait. In our example, the F1 offspring would still produce yellow, round seeds. However, th ...
sex linked traits
sex linked traits

... Sex-linked traits are those whose genes are found on the X chromosome but not on the Y chromosome. In humans the X chromosome is much larger than the Y chromosome and contains thousands of genes more than the Y chromosome. For each of the genes that are exclusively on the X chromosome, females, who ...
Testing Hardy Weinberg
Testing Hardy Weinberg

... 1. a) Use the class data from Part 1 to graph the genotype frequencies over four generations. Compare your results with your prediction. b) Use the class data from Part 1 to determine the allele frequencies for the fourth generation. Hint: Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation and the equation p + q = 1.0 ...
Quantitative traits 1
Quantitative traits 1

... breeding (inbred) lines of tobacco (Nicotiana longiflora) that differed in corolla height. The F1s were intermediate, but not significantly more variable than the parental lines. The F2s were also intermediate, but more variable. By breeding selectively from the smallest-flowered and largest-flowere ...
Document
Document

Ch. 10 & 12 Powerpoint
Ch. 10 & 12 Powerpoint

Slide 1
Slide 1

...  Achondroplasia – form of dwarfism  Heterozygous individual = dwarf  1 in 25,000 have achondroplasia, so 99% of the population are HomoR ...
Genetic Crosses
Genetic Crosses

Final Concepts for Chapter 9 Mendelian Genetics
Final Concepts for Chapter 9 Mendelian Genetics

... 1. Strain = the body of descendants of a common ancestor, genetic crosses show how “strains” display family traits 2. Meiosis accounts for both the Law of independent assort. and Law of Segregation because the chromosomes are pulled apart randomly during anaphase 1 and 2 of meiosis ...
Mendelian Genetic Disease handout
Mendelian Genetic Disease handout

... abnormal gene copies (i.e. alleles). Therefore, abnormal gene must come from both parents. ...
Leaving Certificate Higher Level Genetics Questions
Leaving Certificate Higher Level Genetics Questions

... (b) In maize, the gene for hairy tassel (HH) is dominant to the gene for hairless condition. The gene for full endosperm (EE) is dominant to the gene for shrivelled endosperm. If a cross is carried out between plants, heterozygous for both characters (tassel and endosperm) state the phenotype and ge ...
Genetics-HEREDITY Unit Overview
Genetics-HEREDITY Unit Overview

... (like humans) inherit, one from each parent. These chromosomes are copied once producing sister chromatids that are identical copies of a chromosome. Chromosomes copied are then segregated twice to produce four daughter cells each with one homologous chromosome (haploid). Notice how during metaphase ...
Introduction - Cedar Crest College
Introduction - Cedar Crest College

... Epistasis occurs when the alleles of one gene cover up or alter the expression of alleles of another gene. An example is coat color in mice. (See Figure 10.15.) The B allele determines a banded pattern, called agouti. The recessive b allele results in unbanded hairs. The genotypes BB or Bb are agout ...
Genetics Take Home Test
Genetics Take Home Test

... 4. Two carnations (flowers), a red one and a white one, are crossed and the F2 offspring have three different genotypes. If this gene shows incomplete dominance, what is the coloru of the heterozygous plants? 5. In guinea pigs, coat color is determined by at least three alleles. Yellow is homozygous ...
Ch. 11 Introduction to Genetics
Ch. 11 Introduction to Genetics

... Mendel had peas that were “true-breeding” (produced offspring w/ identical traits to themselves)  trait: specific characteristic of individual (seed color, plant height, etc.) that may vary from 1 individual to another  Mendel decided to “cross-pollinate” his stocks (transfer pollen to cause 1 pla ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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