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Mendel and Punnett Notes
Mendel and Punnett Notes

... • A tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine • A way to show phenotype & genotype • A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result when genes are crossed ...
Principles of Heredity
Principles of Heredity

... Principles of Heredity Mendel proposed: 1. Each trait is governed by two factors – now called genes. 2. Genes are found in alternative forms called alleles. 3. Some alleles are dominant and mask alleles that are recessive. ...
chapter fourteen
chapter fourteen

... 3. If the two alleles at a locus differ, then one, the dominant allele, determines the organism’s appearance. The other, the recessive allele, has no noticeable effect on the organism’s appearance.  In the flower-color example, the F1 plants inherited a purple-flower allele from one parent and a wh ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
Biology Pre-Learning Check

... 4. _____ genetic cross where two traits are examined at once 5. _____ one allele does not completely suppress the other, the phenotypes mix 6. _____ chromosomes line up randomly during meiosis, thus genes are randomly distributed 7. _____ one who has the gene for a trait, but does not show it 8. ___ ...
Mendel PPT
Mendel PPT

... Mendel called this second generation of plants the second filial, F2, generation. To his surprise, Mendel observed that this generation had a mix of tall and short plants. This occurred even though none of the F1 parents were short. ...
“GENE-STICKS”
“GENE-STICKS”

... g) What is the phenotype of your “T T” pair?___________________ h) What is the phenotype of you “t t” pair? ___________________ i) What is the phenotype of your “P P” pair? ___________________ j) What is the phenotype of your “p p” pair? ___________________ 4) Follow the steps on meiosis using the c ...
Chapter 10 and 13
Chapter 10 and 13

Human Traits Lab
Human Traits Lab

... understanding how scientists work with alleles. most traits are the result of several genes, but we will practice with some that are thought to be controlled by a single gene. ...
Ch. 3 Section 1: Genetics
Ch. 3 Section 1: Genetics

... • B. Sexually reproducing fish produce offspring that are identical to the parents. • C. Sexual reproduction limits the spread of harmful characteristics in fish populations. • D. Sexual reproduction in fish allows populations to adapt to new conditions over fewer generations. ...
Population Genetics
Population Genetics

... • Using the rule of multiplication, we can determine the frequencies of the three possible genotypes in the next generation. • For the RR genotype, the probability of picking two R alleles is 0.64 (0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64 or 64%). • For the rr genotype, the probability of picking two r alleles is 0.04 (0. ...
23A-PopulationGenetics
23A-PopulationGenetics

... (2) the central role of natural selection as the most important mechanism of evolution, and (3) the idea of gradualism to explain how large changes can evolve as an accumulation of small changes over long periods of time. • While many evolutionary biologists are now challenging some of the assumptio ...
population - Scranton Prep Biology
population - Scranton Prep Biology

... (2) the central role of natural selection as the most important mechanism of evolution, and (3) the idea of gradualism to explain how large changes can evolve as an accumulation of small changes over long periods of time. • While many evolutionary biologists are now challenging some of the assumptio ...
Mikael Puurtinen Evolution of Hermaphroditic Mating Systems in
Mikael Puurtinen Evolution of Hermaphroditic Mating Systems in

... increase the availability of mating partners by searching. We found that limited mate search efficiency stabilizes hermaphroditism, and more interestingly, that high mate search efficiency causes disruptive selection on searching behaviour, leading to the evolution of males and females. In our empir ...
name: Lab 2 Population Genetics Quiz Key 1. Define microevolution
name: Lab 2 Population Genetics Quiz Key 1. Define microevolution

... • You could have had individuals from another population immigrating into the population or individuals of one type emigrating from the population at a rate that is not equal to the other types, violating the assumption of no gene flow. • You could have mutations, violating the assumption that there ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions

... on their bodies. How does X chromosome inactivation explain this observation? A female is a mosaic for X-linked genes because the maternal or paternal X chromosome is inactivated at random in each cell. 14. X inactivation explains the large color patches in calico cat fur and the smaller patches in ...
Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

Training - Tistory
Training - Tistory

POPULATION GENETICS AND THE HARDY Answer Key
POPULATION GENETICS AND THE HARDY Answer Key

... individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individ ...
02 Microevolution Changing Allelic Frequencies
02 Microevolution Changing Allelic Frequencies

... – Sorting in the context of natural selection favoring some alleles over others • This favoring process causes the outcome of natural selection to be anything but random! • Natural Selection consistently increases the frequencies of alleles that provide reproductive advantage and thus leads to adapt ...
02 Microevolution Changing Allelic Frequencies [1]
02 Microevolution Changing Allelic Frequencies [1]

... – Sorting in the context of natural selection favoring some alleles over others • This favoring process causes the outcome of natural selection to be anything but random! • Natural Selection consistently increases the frequencies of alleles that provide reproductive advantage and thus leads to adapt ...
HNA alleles and antigens, up-date 2015 Allele Description
HNA alleles and antigens, up-date 2015 Allele Description

... An allele can encode more than one epitope, e.g. HNA-1b and HNA-1c are encoded by FCGR3B*03 and HNA-1b and HNA-1d are encoded by FCGR3B*02. An antigen can be encoded by more than one allele (e.g. HNA-1a by FCGR3B*01 and FCGR3B*04). ...
Notes For Genetics!! File
Notes For Genetics!! File

... offspring of this cross were the first filial generation or F1 generation also called hybrid because they contained both characteristics for a particular trait (even if only one characteristic was apparent) ...
LAB #17: Population Genetics and Evolution
LAB #17: Population Genetics and Evolution

... ensure random mating, choose another student at random. In this simulation, we will assume that gender and genotype are irrelevant to mate selection. The class will simulate a population of randomly mating heterozygous individuals with an initial gene frequency of 0.5 for the dominant allele A and t ...
Biology 3A Laboratory Mendelian, Human and Population Genetics
Biology 3A Laboratory Mendelian, Human and Population Genetics

... chromosome and may have several versions/forms called alleles. For example, in pea plants, height is governed by a single gene which can have two versions, T and t. Every diploid cell has two copies of one gene which make up the homologous pair of chromosomes that determine a particular trait. Thes ...
DO NOW
DO NOW

... Punnett Square – example • Top left box = Mother’s first allele, Father’s first allele • Top right box = Mother’s second allele, Father’s first allele • Bottom left box = Mother’s first allele, Father’s second allele • Bottom right box = Mother’s second allele, Father’s second allele ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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