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design and optimisation of animal breeding programmes
design and optimisation of animal breeding programmes

Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... advantages for genetics. Many phenotypes (physical traits) Can control fertilization Short lifecycle ...
Note packet
Note packet

... o _____________________________________ - 2 alleles for a trait separate during meiosis when gametes are formed b/c homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids separate. o _________________________________________________ - alleles for different traits separate independently from one another during ...
Practice Questions, Lectures 6-13 (259 KB pdf file)
Practice Questions, Lectures 6-13 (259 KB pdf file)

... To what extent is evolution a chance process and to what extent a directed process, i.e., how does random change contribute to evolution? How, if at all, is evolution a directed process? Question 28 In the thousands of years that dogs have been domesticated, breeders have developed numerous breeds w ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... species to another member of the same species. The first law states that the sex cells of a plant may contain two different traits, but not both of those traits. The second law stated that characteristics are inherited independently from another (the basis for recessive and dominant gene composition ...
heterozygous
heterozygous

... Heredity patterns can be calculated with probability. • Probability is the likelihood that something will happen. • Probability predicts an average number of occurrences, not an exact number of occurrences. number of ways a specific event can occur • Probability = number of total possible outcomes ...
Document
Document

... from both parents. ...
PEDIGREES
PEDIGREES

...  Pedigrees are used to find out the probability of a child having a disorder in a particular family.  To begin to interpret a pedigree, determine if the disease or condition is autosomal or X-linked and dominant or recessive. ...
Selective Breeding
Selective Breeding

... Selective Breeding • Humans have used genetic patterns that occur naturally in dogs to pass on desired traits to the next generation. This is called selective breeding. • Selective breeding has been used to produce faster race horses, new varieties of plants, etc. ...
PowerPoint Notes
PowerPoint Notes

... A. Mendel needed to answer one more question: When alleles are being segregated during gamete formation, does the segregation of one pair alleles have any affect on the segregation of a different pair of alleles? In other words, does the gene that determines if a pea plant is tall or dwarf have any ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... Ex: what would you get if you crossed a Brown-haired brown-eyed male with a blondehaired blue-eyed female? How many of the children would have brown hair and brown eyes? Brown hair and blue eyes? Blonde hair and brown eyes? Blonde hair and blue eyes? ...
Class 5: Biology and behavior
Class 5: Biology and behavior

... Affects only Black Americans. Two recessive alleles cause round blood cells to be sickle shaped. Cells clog blood vessels: causes pain, swelling. • Death is common before 20, few live after 40. Also caused by oxygen deprivation, recessive allele asserts itself. Why Black Americans? Class 4: genetic ...
Evolution exam questions
Evolution exam questions

... 10. An important source of new genes is probably ___________ ; the underlying mechanism for this is ___________. (3 points). a. polyploidy/duplication of the genome b. gene duplication/unequal crossing over c. genetic linkage/chromosome inversions d. point mutations/errors during DNA replication e. ...
Chapter 9 PowerPoint
Chapter 9 PowerPoint

... PROBABILITY For example, the dominant trait of yellow seed color appeared in the F2 generation 6,022 times  The recessive trait of green seed color appeared 2,001 times ...
Review Game
Review Game

... B. The allele for shortness is dominant C. The allele for shortness and the allele for tallness segregated when the F1plants produced gametes D. They inherited an allel from shortness from one parent and an allele for tallness from the other parent Scoreboard ...
Document
Document

... E1.A genetic cross is a mating between two different individuals. ...
Unit 3 – Evolution, Heredity and Genetics – Quiz 3 – 7.L.2.2 Name
Unit 3 – Evolution, Heredity and Genetics – Quiz 3 – 7.L.2.2 Name

... A. 1 out of 4 will have brown eyes (25%) C. 2 out of 4 will have brown eyes (50%) B. 3 out of 4 will have brown eyes (75%) D. 3 out of 4 will have blue eyes (75%) How many offspring in the Punnett Square above will have blue eyes? A. 1 out of 4 will have blue eyes C. 2 out of 4 will have blue eyes B ...
File - need help with revision notes?
File - need help with revision notes?

Inheritance genetics
Inheritance genetics

... Sometimes the alleles of genes always exert their effect – they are neither dominant nor recessive. Instead they are said to be codominant. Examples include flower colour in snapdragon (Antirrhinum), coat colour in short horn cattle, AB blood group and sickle cell trait in humans. We will look at on ...
pedigree charts
pedigree charts

... If the disorder is recessive, neither parent has to have the disorder because they can be heterozygous. ...
BSG_Genetics_Notes
BSG_Genetics_Notes

... they passed on? How many genes for a trait do we get from each parent? Traits are a certain characteristic, feature, or quality distinguishing an individual. Traits can be eye color, hair color, and build. They are passed on by each parent giving one gene to the offspring for a certain trait, passed ...
Document
Document

... Can never accurately reveal how many genetic loci are responsible for observed levels of variation ...
Genetic variation: the raw material of evolution
Genetic variation: the raw material of evolution

... Can never accurately reveal how many genetic loci are responsible for observed levels of variation ...
Ch 5 (1&2) Review Game
Ch 5 (1&2) Review Game

... A: Since both parents have no freckles, there are only 2 possible combinations: FF or Ff. Both parents have to be heterozygous (Ff) in order to have a child that has shows the recessive trait of freckles. ...
Pedigree Worksheet - Mr. Rows` Science Page
Pedigree Worksheet - Mr. Rows` Science Page

... (Both parents could be heterozygous) Males and females are equally likely to be affected. X-link Recessive: An affected individual may not have an affected parent. Males are more likely to be affected than females. Males also cannot be carriers of the recessive gene. (If they have the X-linked gene, ...
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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the sexual reproduction of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from incestuous sexual relationships and consanguinity.Inbreeding results in homozygosity, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. This generally leads to a decreased biological fitness of a population (called inbreeding depression), which is its ability to survive and reproduce. An individual who inherits such deleterious traits is referred to as inbred. The avoidance of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. Crossbreeding between populations also often has positive effects on fitness-related traits.Inbreeding is a technique used in selective breeding. In livestock breeding, breeders may use inbreeding when, for example, trying to establish a new and desirable trait in the stock, but will need to watch for undesirable characteristics in offspring, which can then be eliminated through further selective breeding or culling. Inbreeding is used to reveal deleterious recessive alleles, which can then be eliminated through assortative breeding or through culling. In plant breeding, inbred lines are used as stocks for the creation of hybrid lines to make use of the effects of heterosis. Inbreeding in plants also occurs naturally in the form of self-pollination.
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