Determination of Amino acids by UHPLC with automated
... described method, one destination vial is needed per sample. Vials 57 – 96 are configured as destination vials what means that vials 17 – 56 can be used as sample positions. At positions 57 – 96 the user has to place empty vials with sufficient volume as destination vials. They have to be closed wit ...
... described method, one destination vial is needed per sample. Vials 57 – 96 are configured as destination vials what means that vials 17 – 56 can be used as sample positions. At positions 57 – 96 the user has to place empty vials with sufficient volume as destination vials. They have to be closed wit ...
Asparagine Analysis in Food Products
... neurotoxin and probable carcinogen in humans. Swedish researchers have discovered surprisingly high levels of this toxic compound in common food products such as chips and french fries.1 The source of acrylamide in processed foods is believed to be linked to the Maillard reaction involving amino aci ...
... neurotoxin and probable carcinogen in humans. Swedish researchers have discovered surprisingly high levels of this toxic compound in common food products such as chips and french fries.1 The source of acrylamide in processed foods is believed to be linked to the Maillard reaction involving amino aci ...
Review Report
... of life debate because they provide non-solar energy sources like hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which along with proton gradients could have been essential for life at its beginnings. Page 3, Lines 93–94: “Binding of these … was unlikely to provide … derived peptides”. Why not? Please elaborate. Res ...
... of life debate because they provide non-solar energy sources like hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which along with proton gradients could have been essential for life at its beginnings. Page 3, Lines 93–94: “Binding of these … was unlikely to provide … derived peptides”. Why not? Please elaborate. Res ...
A Rapid UPLC™ MS/MS Method for Determining Specific
... metabolism which, if left untreated, can have catastrophic consequences for the child. Maple Syrup Urine Disease results from a genetic defect of the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase enzyme system. This metabolic defect is characterized by an accumulation of branched-chain α-keto acids and t ...
... metabolism which, if left untreated, can have catastrophic consequences for the child. Maple Syrup Urine Disease results from a genetic defect of the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase enzyme system. This metabolic defect is characterized by an accumulation of branched-chain α-keto acids and t ...
Determination of 17 AQC derivatized Amino acids in
... derivatized amino acids in less than 8 minutes. The pre-column AQC derivatization results in stable derivatives of primary and secondary amino acids and can be figured out in just one simple step. This step can also be automatized using the autosampler unit at ambient temperature. But caused by the ...
... derivatized amino acids in less than 8 minutes. The pre-column AQC derivatization results in stable derivatives of primary and secondary amino acids and can be figured out in just one simple step. This step can also be automatized using the autosampler unit at ambient temperature. But caused by the ...
Application Note
... The developed method shows the very fast and simultaneous determination of 18 AQC derivatized amino acids in less than 8 minutes. The pre-column AQC derivatization results in stable derivatives of primary and secondary amino acids and can be figured out in just one simple step. This step can also be ...
... The developed method shows the very fast and simultaneous determination of 18 AQC derivatized amino acids in less than 8 minutes. The pre-column AQC derivatization results in stable derivatives of primary and secondary amino acids and can be figured out in just one simple step. This step can also be ...
Thin-Layer Chromatography of Amino Acids
... Amino Acids There are 20 essential amino acids used to form a protein. Each amino acid has a slightly different chemical structure. Proteins are responsible for many important functions in the body and the table below summarizes only a few of these functions. ...
... Amino Acids There are 20 essential amino acids used to form a protein. Each amino acid has a slightly different chemical structure. Proteins are responsible for many important functions in the body and the table below summarizes only a few of these functions. ...
Amino Acids and Peptides
... Amino acids are the basic structural building units of proteins. They form short polymer chains called peptides or polypeptides which in turn form structures called proteins. The process of such formation from an mRNA template is known as translation, which is part of protein synthesis. Phenylalan ...
... Amino acids are the basic structural building units of proteins. They form short polymer chains called peptides or polypeptides which in turn form structures called proteins. The process of such formation from an mRNA template is known as translation, which is part of protein synthesis. Phenylalan ...
1. What happens during the digestion of proteins, and what are the
... Passage of nitrogen into the urea cycle Incorporation of the carbon atoms into compounds that can enter the citric acid cycle Our bodies do not store nitrogen-containing compounds and ammonia is toxic to cells. Amino nitrogen must either be incorporated into urea and excreted, or be used in the synt ...
... Passage of nitrogen into the urea cycle Incorporation of the carbon atoms into compounds that can enter the citric acid cycle Our bodies do not store nitrogen-containing compounds and ammonia is toxic to cells. Amino nitrogen must either be incorporated into urea and excreted, or be used in the synt ...
35 Amino acid breakdown Amino acids comprise one of the three
... glucogenic glycine, or in the production of the glucogenic propionyl-CoA. Side Note: Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde is produced by the action of serine hydroxymethyltransferase on threonine. It is also produced from ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is mildly toxic. In addition, ...
... glucogenic glycine, or in the production of the glucogenic propionyl-CoA. Side Note: Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde is produced by the action of serine hydroxymethyltransferase on threonine. It is also produced from ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. Acetaldehyde is mildly toxic. In addition, ...
Chap. 3A Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Topics Amino acids
... The nonionic and zwitterionic forms of a simple amino acid such as alanine are shown in Fig. 3-9. The zwitterionic form predominates at neutral pH. The nonionic form does not occur in significant amounts in aqueous solution at any pH. A zwitterion can act as either an acid (proton donor) or a base ( ...
... The nonionic and zwitterionic forms of a simple amino acid such as alanine are shown in Fig. 3-9. The zwitterionic form predominates at neutral pH. The nonionic form does not occur in significant amounts in aqueous solution at any pH. A zwitterion can act as either an acid (proton donor) or a base ( ...
Polar amino acids with negative charge
... Cysteine differs from serine in a single atom-- the sulfur of the thiol replaces the oxygen of the alcohol. The amino acids are, however, much more different in their physical and chemical properties than their similarity might suggest. Cysteine also plays a key role in stabilizing extracellular pro ...
... Cysteine differs from serine in a single atom-- the sulfur of the thiol replaces the oxygen of the alcohol. The amino acids are, however, much more different in their physical and chemical properties than their similarity might suggest. Cysteine also plays a key role in stabilizing extracellular pro ...
Amino acid
Amino acids (/əˈmiːnoʊ, ˈæmənoʊ, əˈmaɪnoʊ/) are biologically important organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. About 500 amino acids are known and can be classified in many ways. They can be classified according to the core structural functional groups' locations as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids; other categories relate to polarity, pH level, and side-chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acids comprise the second-largest component (water is the largest) of human muscles, cells and other tissues. Outside proteins, amino acids perform critical roles in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis.In biochemistry, amino acids having both the amine and the carboxylic acid groups attached to the first (alpha-) carbon atom have particular importance. They are known as 2-, alpha-, or α-amino acids (generic formula H2NCHRCOOH in most cases, where R is an organic substituent known as a ""side-chain""); often the term ""amino acid"" is used to refer specifically to these. They include the 22 proteinogenic (""protein-building"") amino acids, which combine into peptide chains (""polypeptides"") to form the building-blocks of a vast array of proteins. These are all L-stereoisomers (""left-handed"" isomers), although a few D-amino acids (""right-handed"") occur in bacterial envelopes and some antibiotics. Twenty of the proteinogenic amino acids are encoded directly by triplet codons in the genetic code and are known as ""standard"" amino acids. The other three (""non-standard"" or ""non-canonical"") are selenocysteine (present in many noneukaryotes as well as most eukaryotes, but not coded directly by DNA), pyrrolysine (found only in some archea and one bacterium) and N-formylmethionine (which is often the initial amino acid of proteins in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts). Pyrrolysine and selenocysteine are encoded via variant codons; for example, selenocysteine is encoded by stop codon and SECIS element. Codon–tRNA combinations not found in nature can also be used to ""expand"" the genetic code and create novel proteins known as alloproteins incorporating non-proteinogenic amino acids.Many important proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids also play critical non-protein roles within the body. For example, in the human brain, glutamate (standard glutamic acid) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (""GABA"", non-standard gamma-amino acid) are, respectively, the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters; hydroxyproline (a major component of the connective tissue collagen) is synthesised from proline; the standard amino acid glycine is used to synthesise porphyrins used in red blood cells; and the non-standard carnitine is used in lipid transport.Nine proteinogenic amino acids are called ""essential"" for humans because they cannot be created from other compounds by the human body and, so, must be taken in as food. Others may be conditionally essential for certain ages or medical conditions. Essential amino acids may also differ between species.Because of their biological significance, amino acids are important in nutrition and are commonly used in nutritional supplements, fertilizers, and food technology. Industrial uses include the production of drugs, biodegradable plastics, and chiral catalysts.