Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids
... the citric acid cycle. These intermediates are substrates for gluconeogenesis and, therefore, can give rise to the net formation of glucose or glycogen in the liver and glycogen in the muscle. B. Ketogenic amino acids Amino acids whose catabolism yields either acetoacetate or one of its precursor, ( ...
... the citric acid cycle. These intermediates are substrates for gluconeogenesis and, therefore, can give rise to the net formation of glucose or glycogen in the liver and glycogen in the muscle. B. Ketogenic amino acids Amino acids whose catabolism yields either acetoacetate or one of its precursor, ( ...
Amino Acid Catabolism 2
... Resolution of Clinical Case: Treatment Essential Amino Acids Arginine ...
... Resolution of Clinical Case: Treatment Essential Amino Acids Arginine ...
Non-Essential Amino Acids
... group and a keto acid, which contains a keto (=O) group. • the NH2 group on one molecule is exchanged with the =O group on the other molecule. The amino acid becomes a keto acid, and the keto acid becomes an amino acid. • enzymes called transaminases or aminotransferases facilitate these reactions ...
... group and a keto acid, which contains a keto (=O) group. • the NH2 group on one molecule is exchanged with the =O group on the other molecule. The amino acid becomes a keto acid, and the keto acid becomes an amino acid. • enzymes called transaminases or aminotransferases facilitate these reactions ...
amino acids - cellbiochem.ca
... L and D: arbitrary. Has nothing to do with the direction of rotation of polarised light by the amino acid.4 CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. ...
... L and D: arbitrary. Has nothing to do with the direction of rotation of polarised light by the amino acid.4 CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D. ...
Application Note
... Amino acids are active biomolecules and often present in food and beverages. They affect the quality of foodstuffs (taste, aroma and color). 1 There is a continued interest in the development of a reliable, rapid and accurate method of analysis for assessing the quality of foods for regulatory purpo ...
... Amino acids are active biomolecules and often present in food and beverages. They affect the quality of foodstuffs (taste, aroma and color). 1 There is a continued interest in the development of a reliable, rapid and accurate method of analysis for assessing the quality of foods for regulatory purpo ...
Quantitative amino acids analysis for the diagnosis and follow up of
... Tryptophan co-elutes with Histidine on a standard IEC chromatogram ...
... Tryptophan co-elutes with Histidine on a standard IEC chromatogram ...
1 Proteins: Workshop I Amino Acids
... Overview - Proteins are large biological molecules that perform many different functions. (Table I). Proteins are made of molecular building blocks called amino acids. We will investigate the structure of amino acids and how they affect the structure of a protein. We will also investigate the affect ...
... Overview - Proteins are large biological molecules that perform many different functions. (Table I). Proteins are made of molecular building blocks called amino acids. We will investigate the structure of amino acids and how they affect the structure of a protein. We will also investigate the affect ...
amino acids
... found in certain proteins, generally as a result of modifications which are made after the standard amino acids have been incorporated into proteins. ( post-translational modifications). ...
... found in certain proteins, generally as a result of modifications which are made after the standard amino acids have been incorporated into proteins. ( post-translational modifications). ...
28.1 Digestion of Protein
... because the volume of water needed to accomplish this safely would cause dehydration. Mammals must first convert ammonia, in solution as ammonium ion, to nontoxic urea via the urea cycle. • Urea formation begins with an energy investment, Ammonium ion, bicarbonate ion, and ATP combine to form ...
... because the volume of water needed to accomplish this safely would cause dehydration. Mammals must first convert ammonia, in solution as ammonium ion, to nontoxic urea via the urea cycle. • Urea formation begins with an energy investment, Ammonium ion, bicarbonate ion, and ATP combine to form ...
Latent fingermark detection using amino acid sensitive reagents
... • Photoluminescence – the process by which a substance absorbs a photon and re-emits photons, producing colour – Observed by illuminating developed fingermark with a filtered light source, viewing through ...
... • Photoluminescence – the process by which a substance absorbs a photon and re-emits photons, producing colour – Observed by illuminating developed fingermark with a filtered light source, viewing through ...
Amino acids degradation and synthesis
... Amino acids whose catabolism yields pyruvate or one of the intermediates of the citric acid cycle are termed glucogenic or glycogenic Amino acids whose catabolism yields either acetoacetate or one of its precursor, (acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA) are termed ketogenic. Some amino acids are both gluco ...
... Amino acids whose catabolism yields pyruvate or one of the intermediates of the citric acid cycle are termed glucogenic or glycogenic Amino acids whose catabolism yields either acetoacetate or one of its precursor, (acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA) are termed ketogenic. Some amino acids are both gluco ...
Essential amino acids - Feed-to-Food
... derivatizing reagent developed specifically for amino acid analysis. • With pelleting, increasing die hole length increases pellet residence time in the die, • Waters AccQ·Fluor Reagent (6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, or AQC) is an Nresulting in improved pellet durability although ...
... derivatizing reagent developed specifically for amino acid analysis. • With pelleting, increasing die hole length increases pellet residence time in the die, • Waters AccQ·Fluor Reagent (6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, or AQC) is an Nresulting in improved pellet durability although ...
Ch03Pt1.doc
... l. When 50:50 mix of +H3N-CH2-COOH and +H3N-CH2-COO- which is at the carboxyl pKa: II m. Isoelectric point: III n. The end of the titration: V o. The worst buffering areas are at the equivalence points: I, III, and V. ...
... l. When 50:50 mix of +H3N-CH2-COOH and +H3N-CH2-COO- which is at the carboxyl pKa: II m. Isoelectric point: III n. The end of the titration: V o. The worst buffering areas are at the equivalence points: I, III, and V. ...
Amino Acid Oxidation and the Urea Cycle
... NH33++ COO-- NH22++ -OOC-CH22-CH-NH-C-NH-(CH22)33-CH-COO-Arginosuccinate ...
... NH33++ COO-- NH22++ -OOC-CH22-CH-NH-C-NH-(CH22)33-CH-COO-Arginosuccinate ...
Amino acid
Amino acids (/əˈmiːnoʊ, ˈæmənoʊ, əˈmaɪnoʊ/) are biologically important organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. About 500 amino acids are known and can be classified in many ways. They can be classified according to the core structural functional groups' locations as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids; other categories relate to polarity, pH level, and side-chain group type (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acids comprise the second-largest component (water is the largest) of human muscles, cells and other tissues. Outside proteins, amino acids perform critical roles in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis.In biochemistry, amino acids having both the amine and the carboxylic acid groups attached to the first (alpha-) carbon atom have particular importance. They are known as 2-, alpha-, or α-amino acids (generic formula H2NCHRCOOH in most cases, where R is an organic substituent known as a ""side-chain""); often the term ""amino acid"" is used to refer specifically to these. They include the 22 proteinogenic (""protein-building"") amino acids, which combine into peptide chains (""polypeptides"") to form the building-blocks of a vast array of proteins. These are all L-stereoisomers (""left-handed"" isomers), although a few D-amino acids (""right-handed"") occur in bacterial envelopes and some antibiotics. Twenty of the proteinogenic amino acids are encoded directly by triplet codons in the genetic code and are known as ""standard"" amino acids. The other three (""non-standard"" or ""non-canonical"") are selenocysteine (present in many noneukaryotes as well as most eukaryotes, but not coded directly by DNA), pyrrolysine (found only in some archea and one bacterium) and N-formylmethionine (which is often the initial amino acid of proteins in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts). Pyrrolysine and selenocysteine are encoded via variant codons; for example, selenocysteine is encoded by stop codon and SECIS element. Codon–tRNA combinations not found in nature can also be used to ""expand"" the genetic code and create novel proteins known as alloproteins incorporating non-proteinogenic amino acids.Many important proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids also play critical non-protein roles within the body. For example, in the human brain, glutamate (standard glutamic acid) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (""GABA"", non-standard gamma-amino acid) are, respectively, the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters; hydroxyproline (a major component of the connective tissue collagen) is synthesised from proline; the standard amino acid glycine is used to synthesise porphyrins used in red blood cells; and the non-standard carnitine is used in lipid transport.Nine proteinogenic amino acids are called ""essential"" for humans because they cannot be created from other compounds by the human body and, so, must be taken in as food. Others may be conditionally essential for certain ages or medical conditions. Essential amino acids may also differ between species.Because of their biological significance, amino acids are important in nutrition and are commonly used in nutritional supplements, fertilizers, and food technology. Industrial uses include the production of drugs, biodegradable plastics, and chiral catalysts.