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Tourette`s Syndrome
Tourette`s Syndrome

... – Description by patients as purposeful, but unwanted action – However, not all patients aware of premonitory urges or of tics themselves, especially simple tics – Also, presence in sleep suggests not voluntary ...
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... Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide [1] and even subthreshold depressive symptoms, henceforth referred to as depressive mood, are associated with an increased mortality [2-7, but see also 8-11]. Some personality constructs, such as neuroticism, have been found to be ...
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Assessment and Treatment of Aggressive, Sexual, and Religious

... Accordingly, it is helpful to convey to patients that the goal of CBT with ERP is not the complete elimination of all intrusive thoughts, but instead to have patients learn to tolerate such thoughts without the associated distress and impairment. Once that occurs, patients often simultaneously repor ...
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... one who did not return, without explanation (CGI–I 1). Withdrawals from the placebo group were individually accounted for as follows: two persons before week 2, one because of work schedule and one without an explanation; and two persons by week 4, one because of work schedule (CGI–I 4) and one non- ...
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... – as soon as anxiety begins to emerge, scene that induces relaxation is revoked until anxiety ceases; anxiety-provoking and comforting scenes are repeatedly paired until thought of former no longer causes anxiety. – beginning with situation that provokes least anxiety, patients gradually move up hie ...
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chapter 14 - disorders - practice exam

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Psychological interventions in the treatment of generalized anxiety

... Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and impairing disorder, often comorbid with other mental disorders, particularly major depression, other anxiety disorders, alcohol dependence and physical illnesses 1-3. It is the most common anxiety disorder in primary medical care settings, with life ...
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... 2) Six (or more) of the following symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level: Hyperactivity a) Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat b) Often leaves seat in classroom or in other s ...
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Atypical Depression in the 21st Century: Diagnostic and Treatment

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... 2) Six (or more) of the following symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level: Hyperactivity a) Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat b) Often leaves seat in classroom or in other s ...
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REVIEW The Case for Shifting Borderline Personality Disorder to Axis I

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Subjective Symptoms Related to Suicide Risk in Japanese Male

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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders

... The nonsubstance Axis I disorder improves The substance use disorder may improve, but does not go into remission Treatment retention improves May have a durable effect, even after discontinuation ...
Definition from DSM-5 ®—Understanding Mental Disorders What is
Definition from DSM-5 ®—Understanding Mental Disorders What is

... Symptoms (i.e., difficulties discarding and/or clutter) must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, including maintaining a safe environment for self and others (Criterion D). In some cases, particularly when there is poo ...
Comorbid psychopathology with autism spectrum disorder in
Comorbid psychopathology with autism spectrum disorder in

... generalized anxiety disorder. The authors do not report who gave the diagnosis or the criteria or methods used. However, using an ABAB single case design, he was treated with 0.5 mg BID of dextromethorphan. The authors report marked improvements including less frequent communications about being anx ...
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Bipolar II disorder

Bipolar II disorder (BP-II; pronounced ""type two bipolar disorder"") is a bipolar spectrum disorder (see also Bipolar disorder) characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression. Diagnosis for bipolar II disorder requires that the individual must never have experienced a full manic episode (unless it was caused by an antidepressant medication; otherwise one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder). Symptoms of mania and hypomania are similar, though mania is more severe and may precipitate psychosis. The hypomanic episodes associated with bipolar II disorder must last for at least four days. Commonly, depressive episodes are more frequent and more intense than hypomanic episodes. Additionally, when compared to bipolar I disorder, type II presents more frequent depressive episodes and shorter intervals of well-being. The course of bipolar II disorder is more chronic and consists of more frequent cycling than the course of bipolar I disorder. Finally, bipolar II is associated with a greater risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors than bipolar I or unipolar depression. Although bipolar II is commonly perceived to be a milder form of Type I, this is not the case. Types I and II present equally severe burdens.Bipolar II is difficult to diagnose. Patients usually seek help when they are in a depressed state. Because the symptoms of hypomania are often mistaken for high functioning behavior or simply attributed to personality, patients are typically not aware of their hypomanic symptoms. As a result, they are unable to provide their doctor with all the information needed for an accurate assessment; these individuals are often misdiagnosed with unipolar depression. Of all individuals initially diagnosed with major depressive disorder, between 40% and 50% will later be diagnosed with either BP-I or BP-II. Substance abuse disorders (which have high comorbidity with BP-II) and periods of mixed depression may also make it more difficult to accurately identify BP-II. Despite the difficulties, it is important that BP-II individuals be correctly assessed so that they can receive the proper treatment. Antidepressant use, in the absence of mood stabilizers, is correlated with worsening BP-II symptoms.
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