The Quantum Hall Effect
... Subsequently, it was found that ⌫ is not only restricted to take integer values, but can also take very specific rational values. The most prominent fractions experimentally are ⌫ = 1/3 and ⌫ = 2/5 but there are many dozens of di↵erent fractions that have been seen. This needs yet another ingredient ...
... Subsequently, it was found that ⌫ is not only restricted to take integer values, but can also take very specific rational values. The most prominent fractions experimentally are ⌫ = 1/3 and ⌫ = 2/5 but there are many dozens of di↵erent fractions that have been seen. This needs yet another ingredient ...
![arXiv:1203.2158v1 [hep-th] 9 Mar 2012 The “tetrad only” theory](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016613184_1-9fc43c0ba152dfbab9c386708b4475ee-300x300.png)
arXiv:1203.2158v1 [hep-th] 9 Mar 2012 The “tetrad only” theory
... not clear which one of the above hamiltonian systems, if any, is linked to the as to yet unknown fundamental quantum theory in the simplest or most easy to guess way. In the traditional approach of “quantizing” a known classical system more input than the field equations, such as the Lagrangian is ...
... not clear which one of the above hamiltonian systems, if any, is linked to the as to yet unknown fundamental quantum theory in the simplest or most easy to guess way. In the traditional approach of “quantizing” a known classical system more input than the field equations, such as the Lagrangian is ...
Manifestly Covariant Functional Measures for Quantum Field Theory
... inequivalent measures is consistent with Toms’ argument that field theory is not a straightforward limit of the finite dimensional case. By expanding fields in a covariant mode expansion, we compare the measures obtained from uniform discretization in coordinate distances and from uniform discretiza ...
... inequivalent measures is consistent with Toms’ argument that field theory is not a straightforward limit of the finite dimensional case. By expanding fields in a covariant mode expansion, we compare the measures obtained from uniform discretization in coordinate distances and from uniform discretiza ...
Marcos Marino, An introduction to Donaldson
... In these lectures, we give a self-contained introduction to Donaldson-Witten theory. Unfortunately, we are not going to be able to cover the whole development of the subject. A more complete treatment can be found in [30]. The organization of the lectures is as follows: in section 2, we review some ...
... In these lectures, we give a self-contained introduction to Donaldson-Witten theory. Unfortunately, we are not going to be able to cover the whole development of the subject. A more complete treatment can be found in [30]. The organization of the lectures is as follows: in section 2, we review some ...
Quantum Spins and Quantum Links: The D
... D-theory has several interesting features that go beyond Wilson’s non-perturbative lattice formulation of quantum field theory. For example, due to the use of discrete variables, the theory can be completely fermionized. All bosonic fields can be written as pairs of fermionic constituents, which we ...
... D-theory has several interesting features that go beyond Wilson’s non-perturbative lattice formulation of quantum field theory. For example, due to the use of discrete variables, the theory can be completely fermionized. All bosonic fields can be written as pairs of fermionic constituents, which we ...
A non-perturbative solution for Bloch electrons in constant magnetic
... the presence of a constant magnetic field is presented. Using a singular gauge transformation based on a lattice of magnetic flux lines, an equivalent quantum system with a periodic vector potential is obtained. This system forms for rational magnetic fields a magnetic superlattice for which then Bl ...
... the presence of a constant magnetic field is presented. Using a singular gauge transformation based on a lattice of magnetic flux lines, an equivalent quantum system with a periodic vector potential is obtained. This system forms for rational magnetic fields a magnetic superlattice for which then Bl ...
A New Perspective on Chiral Gauge Theories
... not violate gauge symmetry)… and then decouple somehow Historically numerous attempts to endow mirror fermions with exotic interactions in hopes of decoupling them…many have been shown not to work. Currently several proposed for which there is no evidence either way. ...
... not violate gauge symmetry)… and then decouple somehow Historically numerous attempts to endow mirror fermions with exotic interactions in hopes of decoupling them…many have been shown not to work. Currently several proposed for which there is no evidence either way. ...
Lectures on Electric-Magnetic Duality and the Geometric
... The transformations τ → −1/τ and τ → τ + 1 generated the whole group of integral fractional-linear transformations acting on the upper halfplane, i.e. the group P SL(2, Z). Points in the upper half-plane related by the P SL(2, Z) give rise to isomorphic theories. One may call this group the duality ...
... The transformations τ → −1/τ and τ → τ + 1 generated the whole group of integral fractional-linear transformations acting on the upper halfplane, i.e. the group P SL(2, Z). Points in the upper half-plane related by the P SL(2, Z) give rise to isomorphic theories. One may call this group the duality ...
Enhanced Symmetries and the Ground State of String Theory
... One of the great puzzles of string theory is: why are the gauge couplings we observe small and unified, if the underlying theory is strongly coupled. The weakly coupled heterotic string provides a simple picture of coupling unification, but it is not clear why this should hold at stronger coupling, ...
... One of the great puzzles of string theory is: why are the gauge couplings we observe small and unified, if the underlying theory is strongly coupled. The weakly coupled heterotic string provides a simple picture of coupling unification, but it is not clear why this should hold at stronger coupling, ...
e - Instituto de Física Facultad de Ciencias
... Matter particles are not the same as the messengers of the interactions, the gauge bosons Particles are sensitive to different forces: quarks couple directly to gluons, photons, weak bosons leptons only to photons and weak bosons There is some order in mass in leptons, not so evident in quarks ...
... Matter particles are not the same as the messengers of the interactions, the gauge bosons Particles are sensitive to different forces: quarks couple directly to gluons, photons, weak bosons leptons only to photons and weak bosons There is some order in mass in leptons, not so evident in quarks ...
Field Theory and Standard Model
... mass terms. The first two terms, mass terms for up-type- and down-type-quarks, respectively, cannot be diagonalised simultaneously, and this misalignment leads to the CKM matrix and flavour physics [6]. Similarly, the last two terms give rise to lepton masses and neutrino mixings [7]. ...
... mass terms. The first two terms, mass terms for up-type- and down-type-quarks, respectively, cannot be diagonalised simultaneously, and this misalignment leads to the CKM matrix and flavour physics [6]. Similarly, the last two terms give rise to lepton masses and neutrino mixings [7]. ...
The Hierarchy Problem in the Standard Model and
... In this thesis, we will investigate various concepts related to this problem. It is organized as follows: After giving an overview of general renormalization theory, we will calculate the running of the various Standard Model coupling constants to find that they suggest something interesting happeni ...
... In this thesis, we will investigate various concepts related to this problem. It is organized as follows: After giving an overview of general renormalization theory, we will calculate the running of the various Standard Model coupling constants to find that they suggest something interesting happeni ...
Quantum Field Theory
... second one is dropped, and we simply call it “Field Theory”). Initially, field theory was applied mainly, but with great success, to the theory of photons and electrons, “Quantum Electrodynamics” (QED), but during the third quarter of the century this was extended to the weak and strong interactions ...
... second one is dropped, and we simply call it “Field Theory”). Initially, field theory was applied mainly, but with great success, to the theory of photons and electrons, “Quantum Electrodynamics” (QED), but during the third quarter of the century this was extended to the weak and strong interactions ...
Gauge fixing
In the physics of gauge theories, gauge fixing (also called choosing a gauge) denotes a mathematical procedure for coping with redundant degrees of freedom in field variables. By definition, a gauge theory represents each physically distinct configuration of the system as an equivalence class of detailed local field configurations. Any two detailed configurations in the same equivalence class are related by a gauge transformation, equivalent to a shear along unphysical axes in configuration space. Most of the quantitative physical predictions of a gauge theory can only be obtained under a coherent prescription for suppressing or ignoring these unphysical degrees of freedom.Although the unphysical axes in the space of detailed configurations are a fundamental property of the physical model, there is no special set of directions ""perpendicular"" to them. Hence there is an enormous amount of freedom involved in taking a ""cross section"" representing each physical configuration by a particular detailed configuration (or even a weighted distribution of them). Judicious gauge fixing can simplify calculations immensely, but becomes progressively harder as the physical model becomes more realistic; its application to quantum field theory is fraught with complications related to renormalization, especially when the computation is continued to higher orders. Historically, the search for logically consistent and computationally tractable gauge fixing procedures, and efforts to demonstrate their equivalence in the face of a bewildering variety of technical difficulties, has been a major driver of mathematical physics from the late nineteenth century to the present.