Ch3-4.Embryology.Tissues.Lecture
... Tail (c) 22 days. The neural folds have closed, forming the neural tube which has detached from the surface ectoderm and lies between the surface ectoderm and the notochord. Embryonic body is beginning to undercut. ...
... Tail (c) 22 days. The neural folds have closed, forming the neural tube which has detached from the surface ectoderm and lies between the surface ectoderm and the notochord. Embryonic body is beginning to undercut. ...
Multidrug Resistance Protein Pumps: Nature`s
... regard — it is likely that there are probably many as yet unidentified MDR pumps lurking in membranes of all kinds of cells, says Sikic. The latest estimates pin 2,000 of the estimated 100,000 human genes to be part of the family of proteins to which the MDR pump belongs, says Sikic, adding that thi ...
... regard — it is likely that there are probably many as yet unidentified MDR pumps lurking in membranes of all kinds of cells, says Sikic. The latest estimates pin 2,000 of the estimated 100,000 human genes to be part of the family of proteins to which the MDR pump belongs, says Sikic, adding that thi ...
THE HEART
... hen a heart attack occurs, heart tissue dies. The body cannot make new heart muscle tissue on its own. Instead it makes scar tissue which is a more disorganized tissue, and weakens the heart! ...
... hen a heart attack occurs, heart tissue dies. The body cannot make new heart muscle tissue on its own. Instead it makes scar tissue which is a more disorganized tissue, and weakens the heart! ...
Scaling up Delivery Guide
... B2.2a explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms in terms of surface area:volume ratio to include: to include surface area, volume and diffusion distances B2.2b describe some of the substances transported into and out of a range of organisms in terms ...
... B2.2a explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms in terms of surface area:volume ratio to include: to include surface area, volume and diffusion distances B2.2b describe some of the substances transported into and out of a range of organisms in terms ...
These figures present a ventral view
... III. Blood stem cells - where do they come from? A. Sites of production from stem cells change as the human embryo develops. 1. At 4 weeks after fertilization - stem cells are located in the extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm of the yolk sac. 2. At 5 weeks - in body mesenchyme of embryo. 3. At 6 we ...
... III. Blood stem cells - where do they come from? A. Sites of production from stem cells change as the human embryo develops. 1. At 4 weeks after fertilization - stem cells are located in the extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm of the yolk sac. 2. At 5 weeks - in body mesenchyme of embryo. 3. At 6 we ...
What about Artificial Organs?
... pump enough blood for a person to survive, a donor heart transplant is the standard of care. However, not all patients waiting for a donor heart will have one available to them when they need it to save their lives. In the United States, approximately 16% of transplant-eligible patients on the list ...
... pump enough blood for a person to survive, a donor heart transplant is the standard of care. However, not all patients waiting for a donor heart will have one available to them when they need it to save their lives. In the United States, approximately 16% of transplant-eligible patients on the list ...
Unit 2 Multicellular Organisms Mr Gravell
... In plants cells that divide are found only at meristems and the unspecialised cells produced can become any type of plant cell. Meristems are found • At the root and shoot tip – these produce new cells for increase in length of the root and shoot • Between the xylem and phloem – these meristems prod ...
... In plants cells that divide are found only at meristems and the unspecialised cells produced can become any type of plant cell. Meristems are found • At the root and shoot tip – these produce new cells for increase in length of the root and shoot • Between the xylem and phloem – these meristems prod ...
10-4
... Adult Stem Cells For years, biologists have suspected that adult organisms might also contain some types of stem cells. Cells in the blood and skin, for example, have a limited life span and must be constantly replaced. This suggests that the body contains pools of stem cells from which new skin and ...
... Adult Stem Cells For years, biologists have suspected that adult organisms might also contain some types of stem cells. Cells in the blood and skin, for example, have a limited life span and must be constantly replaced. This suggests that the body contains pools of stem cells from which new skin and ...
document
... •Young roots grow very fine roots hairs to help the plant gain maximum amount of water when they are still very small and can’t reach so far into the surrounding soil •The root hairs increase the amount of surface area the root has and can therefore gather more water, this is more effective than gro ...
... •Young roots grow very fine roots hairs to help the plant gain maximum amount of water when they are still very small and can’t reach so far into the surrounding soil •The root hairs increase the amount of surface area the root has and can therefore gather more water, this is more effective than gro ...
Slide 1
... environmental factors, and neighbouring cell secretions) • the four types of tissues (muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective) • the potential and ethical concerns over the production or harvesting ...
... environmental factors, and neighbouring cell secretions) • the four types of tissues (muscle, epithelial, nervous, and connective) • the potential and ethical concerns over the production or harvesting ...
Unit 2 Summary Notes Cells, tissues and organs
... To provide the best conditions for plant growth, automatic ventilation is essential. Automatic systems work without anyone being there to operate them. The two main automatic systems for controlling ventilation are automatic window openers and thermostatically controlled electric fans. 2. Floating F ...
... To provide the best conditions for plant growth, automatic ventilation is essential. Automatic systems work without anyone being there to operate them. The two main automatic systems for controlling ventilation are automatic window openers and thermostatically controlled electric fans. 2. Floating F ...
Specialized Plant and Animal Cells
... Regeneration is the process whereby a body part is replaced or regrown. The salamander has the unique ability to regrow not only limbs that have been amputated but also tails, lenses in eyes, and parts of the heart (Figure 1.38). In the salamander, the process of mitosis is responsible for regenerat ...
... Regeneration is the process whereby a body part is replaced or regrown. The salamander has the unique ability to regrow not only limbs that have been amputated but also tails, lenses in eyes, and parts of the heart (Figure 1.38). In the salamander, the process of mitosis is responsible for regenerat ...
Multicellular Organisms summary notes
... formed human in locations such as the blood, bone marrow and the skin. These cells have a more limited potential than embryonic stem cells, only being able to develop into cells from the tissue they came from. ...
... formed human in locations such as the blood, bone marrow and the skin. These cells have a more limited potential than embryonic stem cells, only being able to develop into cells from the tissue they came from. ...
Gastrulation: Formation of the Primary Germ Layers
... different regions of the embryo to ensure that it develops with the relevant components in the right places at the right time. This is accomplished through the expression of genes appropriate to each region. For example, the protein activin functions during right axis development. It is a member of ...
... different regions of the embryo to ensure that it develops with the relevant components in the right places at the right time. This is accomplished through the expression of genes appropriate to each region. For example, the protein activin functions during right axis development. It is a member of ...
2nd week of Development
... The inner cells mass :Cells of the blastocyst differetiate into two layers 1. Layer of tall columnar cells called epiblast adjacent to the amniotic cavity 2. Layer of low cuboidal cells called hypoblast adjacent to the blastocyst cavity Outer cell mass :also differentiate into two layers 1. Layer of ...
... The inner cells mass :Cells of the blastocyst differetiate into two layers 1. Layer of tall columnar cells called epiblast adjacent to the amniotic cavity 2. Layer of low cuboidal cells called hypoblast adjacent to the blastocyst cavity Outer cell mass :also differentiate into two layers 1. Layer of ...
The Processes of Development
... • As development proceeds, the possibilities available to individual cells narrow, until each cell’s fate is determined and the cell has differentiated. • Morphogenesis is the shaping of the multicellular body and its organs. • Morphogenesis results from pattern formation, the organization of differ ...
... • As development proceeds, the possibilities available to individual cells narrow, until each cell’s fate is determined and the cell has differentiated. • Morphogenesis is the shaping of the multicellular body and its organs. • Morphogenesis results from pattern formation, the organization of differ ...
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
... – It is thicker than that of the respiratory mucosa and lacks the Goblet cells. – The glands in lamina propria are purely serous because the fluid secretion dissolves the odoriferous substances and also rapidly washed away to clear the receptors for new stimuli. – The lamina propria is rich in vascu ...
... – It is thicker than that of the respiratory mucosa and lacks the Goblet cells. – The glands in lamina propria are purely serous because the fluid secretion dissolves the odoriferous substances and also rapidly washed away to clear the receptors for new stimuli. – The lamina propria is rich in vascu ...
Cell Differentiation
... Adult Stem Cells For years, biologists have suspected that adult organisms might also contain some types of stem cells. Cells in the blood and skin, for example, have a limited life span and must be constantly replaced. This suggests that the body contains pools of stem cells from which new skin and ...
... Adult Stem Cells For years, biologists have suspected that adult organisms might also contain some types of stem cells. Cells in the blood and skin, for example, have a limited life span and must be constantly replaced. This suggests that the body contains pools of stem cells from which new skin and ...
Saga of the Sex Cells
... tissues. This elegant experiment verifies the totipotency of these cells and their ability to develop appropriately given the right signals. While PGCs are totipotent, it is likely that most stem cells are pluripotent (i.e., can form a large number of different cell types but not all of those found ...
... tissues. This elegant experiment verifies the totipotency of these cells and their ability to develop appropriately given the right signals. While PGCs are totipotent, it is likely that most stem cells are pluripotent (i.e., can form a large number of different cell types but not all of those found ...
Stem cell
Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. They are found in multicellular organisms. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells—ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm (see induced pluripotent stem cells)—but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues.There are three known accessible sources of autologous adult stem cells in humans: Bone marrow, which requires extraction by harvesting, that is, drilling into bone (typically the femur or iliac crest). Adipose tissue (lipid cells), which requires extraction by liposuction. Blood, which requires extraction through apheresis, wherein blood is drawn from the donor (similar to a blood donation), and passed through a machine that extracts the stem cells and returns other portions of the blood to the donor.Stem cells can also be taken from umbilical cord blood just after birth. Of all stem cell types, autologous harvesting involves the least risk. By definition, autologous cells are obtained from one's own body, just as one may bank his or her own blood for elective surgical procedures.Adult stem cells are frequently used in medical therapies, for example in bone marrow transplantation. Stem cells can now be artificially grown and transformed (differentiated) into specialized cell types with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves. Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through Somatic-cell nuclear transfer or dedifferentiation have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies. Research into stem cells grew out of findings by Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till at the University of Toronto in the 1960s.