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Lecture for SS2 Asian Studies, prepared by Martin Benedict Perez
Lecture for SS2 Asian Studies, prepared by Martin Benedict Perez

... After Muhammad died in 632, the question immediately turns to who will succeed him. Abu Bakr, his most gifted student, assumed command of the ummah. He is called the caliph. “O Men, if you have been worshipping Muhammad, then know that Muhammad is dead. But if you have been worshipping Allah, then ...
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Islam - MrGleasonSocialStudies
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... ● Disagreements over succession lead to organized to return the Caliphate Shia vs. Sunni Muslims Abu Bakr to the line of Ali The 1st Rightly Guided Caliph ...
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Schools of Islamic theology

See Islamic schools and branches for different schools of thought; see Aqidah for the concept of the different ""creeds"" in Islam; see Ilm al-Kalam for the concept of theological discourse.Schools of Islamic theology are various branches in different schools of thought regarding Islamic creed (ʿAqīdah). According to Muhammad Abu Zahra, Qadariyyah, Jahmites, Murji'ah, Mu'tazila, Batiniyyah, Ash'ari, Maturidi, Athari (also known as Hadith collectors, Hanbalites and their followers Salafiyyah) are the ancient schools of Islamic divinity.The main split between Sunni and Shia Islam was initially more political than theological, but over time theological differences have developed. Still, differences in ""creed"" or aqidah occur as divisions orthogonal to the main divisions in Islam along political or legalistic lines, such that a Mu'tazili might, for example, have belong to the Jafari, Zaidi or even Hanafi school of jurisprudence.
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