BIOMOLECULES
... Remember: Elements are C, H, O, and N “R” groups represent one of the 20 Amino Acids! (so, each amino acid has something different in that spot) ...
... Remember: Elements are C, H, O, and N “R” groups represent one of the 20 Amino Acids! (so, each amino acid has something different in that spot) ...
Ch - Paint Valley Local Schools
... 16. Know the four types of macromolecules. The four macromolecules are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 17. Which type of macromolecule do DNA and RNA belong to? They are nucleic acids. Know what each of these molecules function to do in the human body. DNA functions to provide on ...
... 16. Know the four types of macromolecules. The four macromolecules are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 17. Which type of macromolecule do DNA and RNA belong to? They are nucleic acids. Know what each of these molecules function to do in the human body. DNA functions to provide on ...
Transcription-Mediated Amplification
... Second level of specificity: An isothermal amplification utilizing specific oligonucleotides further increases specificity and assay sensitivity. Transcription-Mediated Amplification (TMA) is an isothermal molecular amplification process utilizing two enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT) and RNA poly ...
... Second level of specificity: An isothermal amplification utilizing specific oligonucleotides further increases specificity and assay sensitivity. Transcription-Mediated Amplification (TMA) is an isothermal molecular amplification process utilizing two enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT) and RNA poly ...
Small-molecule metabolism: an enzyme mosaic
... and Cyrus Chothia Escherichia coli has been a popular organism for studying metabolic pathways. In an attempt to find out more about how these pathways are constructed, the enzymes were analysed by defining their protein domains. Structural assignments and sequence comparisons were used to show that ...
... and Cyrus Chothia Escherichia coli has been a popular organism for studying metabolic pathways. In an attempt to find out more about how these pathways are constructed, the enzymes were analysed by defining their protein domains. Structural assignments and sequence comparisons were used to show that ...
Available
... It is the polymeric nitrogen containing compounds proteins and nucleic acids that define the major attributes of organism such as function and structure. Operation and mechanism of metabolic pathways is provided by proteins. Genetic information is stored in nucleic acid polymers. Each of the monomer ...
... It is the polymeric nitrogen containing compounds proteins and nucleic acids that define the major attributes of organism such as function and structure. Operation and mechanism of metabolic pathways is provided by proteins. Genetic information is stored in nucleic acid polymers. Each of the monomer ...
Structure, Mechanism, and Disease Implications of Acetyl CoA
... ACC has the typical doubledisplacement kinetics (or ping-pong kinetics) as other biotin-dependent enzymes. It undergoes a two site mechanism in which the binding of a substrate is followed by release of that substrate only to be bound again by the enzymes second domain, then subsequently released as ...
... ACC has the typical doubledisplacement kinetics (or ping-pong kinetics) as other biotin-dependent enzymes. It undergoes a two site mechanism in which the binding of a substrate is followed by release of that substrate only to be bound again by the enzymes second domain, then subsequently released as ...
Purine & Pyrimidine Disorders: Clinical Aspects
... • Crude form of enzyme replacement therapy ? Possible explanation: inflammatory reaction leading to up-regulation of HPRT gene expression and increase in ...
... • Crude form of enzyme replacement therapy ? Possible explanation: inflammatory reaction leading to up-regulation of HPRT gene expression and increase in ...
Chapter 13 Lecture Notes: Peptides, Proteins
... Understanding Check: Write the names (using the three letter abbreviation method) of all of the tripeptides that can be made by combining one glycine (gly), one alanine (ala), and one aspartic acid (asp) residue. For example, one of the tripeptides is gly-ala-asp. ...
... Understanding Check: Write the names (using the three letter abbreviation method) of all of the tripeptides that can be made by combining one glycine (gly), one alanine (ala), and one aspartic acid (asp) residue. For example, one of the tripeptides is gly-ala-asp. ...
Cellular Respiration
... 20- In a research lab, you are working with a specific enzyme called Pimentase. The structure of Pimentase has two sites in which molecules can bind. You add an unknown substance to the reaction and the reaction rate decreases. After further investigation, you determine that the unknown substance bi ...
... 20- In a research lab, you are working with a specific enzyme called Pimentase. The structure of Pimentase has two sites in which molecules can bind. You add an unknown substance to the reaction and the reaction rate decreases. After further investigation, you determine that the unknown substance bi ...
Energy and Metabolism
... Enzymes are proteins that carry out most catalysis in living organisms. • Unlike heat, enzymes are highly specific. Each enzyme typically speeds up only one or a few chemical reactions. • Unique three-dimensional shape enables an enzyme to stabilize a temporary association between substrates. • Beca ...
... Enzymes are proteins that carry out most catalysis in living organisms. • Unlike heat, enzymes are highly specific. Each enzyme typically speeds up only one or a few chemical reactions. • Unique three-dimensional shape enables an enzyme to stabilize a temporary association between substrates. • Beca ...
The_Light_Independent_Reactions
... form an unstable 6 carbon compound. • RuBP is a CO2 acceptor molecule. • This process is catalysed by the enzyme RUBISCO and is a carboxylation reaction • RUBISCO is made in chloroplasts using chloroplast DNA • The 6C compound immediately splits into two molecules of a 3C compound called glycerate-3 ...
... form an unstable 6 carbon compound. • RuBP is a CO2 acceptor molecule. • This process is catalysed by the enzyme RUBISCO and is a carboxylation reaction • RUBISCO is made in chloroplasts using chloroplast DNA • The 6C compound immediately splits into two molecules of a 3C compound called glycerate-3 ...
Medical Biochemistry: Course content 2016/2017
... (substrate, products, enzyme and coenzyme) and its regulation. Lipoproteins. Which are the common lipoproteins and how do they differ regarding the lipid composition? What is their function? Why are the lipids contained in chylomicrons and VLDL mainly taken up by extrahepatic tissues (primarily adip ...
... (substrate, products, enzyme and coenzyme) and its regulation. Lipoproteins. Which are the common lipoproteins and how do they differ regarding the lipid composition? What is their function? Why are the lipids contained in chylomicrons and VLDL mainly taken up by extrahepatic tissues (primarily adip ...
BIO 101 Worksheet Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
... The Citric Acid Cycle True or false. If false, indicate why 1. _______ The purpose of the citric acid cycle is to remove excess oxygen from cells 2. _______ The initial molecule in the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA 3. _______ The citric acid cycle occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria 4 ...
... The Citric Acid Cycle True or false. If false, indicate why 1. _______ The purpose of the citric acid cycle is to remove excess oxygen from cells 2. _______ The initial molecule in the citric acid cycle is acetyl-CoA 3. _______ The citric acid cycle occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria 4 ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... 5. Which of the following is not a role of a catalytic sulfur atom in ribonucleotide reductase? A) Proton donor B) Radical stabilization C) Redox reaction D) Covalent catalysis 6. Dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase are major targets for anticancer drugs because A) these enzymes are ...
... 5. Which of the following is not a role of a catalytic sulfur atom in ribonucleotide reductase? A) Proton donor B) Radical stabilization C) Redox reaction D) Covalent catalysis 6. Dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase are major targets for anticancer drugs because A) these enzymes are ...
Protein Structure & Function
... different combinations of amino acids that can make up proteins and that would increase if each one had multiple shapes Proteins usually have only one useful conformation because otherwise it would not be efficient use of the energy available to the system Natural selection has eliminated proteins t ...
... different combinations of amino acids that can make up proteins and that would increase if each one had multiple shapes Proteins usually have only one useful conformation because otherwise it would not be efficient use of the energy available to the system Natural selection has eliminated proteins t ...
1 1) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most
... A) Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts. B) Enzymes display specificity for certain molecules with which they interact. C) Enzymes raise the activation energy for the reactions they catalyze. D) An enzyme may be used many times over for a specific reaction. ...
... A) Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts. B) Enzymes display specificity for certain molecules with which they interact. C) Enzymes raise the activation energy for the reactions they catalyze. D) An enzyme may be used many times over for a specific reaction. ...
Macromolecules: Proteins and Nucleic Acids
... Proteins are the most structurally and functionally diverse of life’s molecules • Proteins are involved in – cellular structure – movement – defense – transport – Communication ...
... Proteins are the most structurally and functionally diverse of life’s molecules • Proteins are involved in – cellular structure – movement – defense – transport – Communication ...
Proteins - e
... Many enzymes require additional non-protein substances called cofactors for the reaction to take place. Deficiency of cofactors can arise from a poor diet and leads to loss of enzyme activity and subsequent disease. Cofactors are either metal ions (e.g. zinc) or small organic molecules called coenzy ...
... Many enzymes require additional non-protein substances called cofactors for the reaction to take place. Deficiency of cofactors can arise from a poor diet and leads to loss of enzyme activity and subsequent disease. Cofactors are either metal ions (e.g. zinc) or small organic molecules called coenzy ...
`RNA world`.
... a master architect, forming complex, threedimensional structures, and it can carry out catalysis, a trick it learned long before proteins knew how to be enzymes. In short, life probably evolved from an ‘RNA world’. - Y. ...
... a master architect, forming complex, threedimensional structures, and it can carry out catalysis, a trick it learned long before proteins knew how to be enzymes. In short, life probably evolved from an ‘RNA world’. - Y. ...
Free energy
... Substrate Specificity of Enzymes • The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate • The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds • Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical group ...
... Substrate Specificity of Enzymes • The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate • The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds • Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical group ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 19. Draw the structure of purines and pyrimidines. 20. List the phospholipids of membrane. SECTION B V. Answer any five questions, each in not more than 350 words (5X8=40) 21. What are the ten steps of glycolysis, its regulation and energetics? 22. Write about Glucose-Alanine cycle and Glutamate cyc ...
... 19. Draw the structure of purines and pyrimidines. 20. List the phospholipids of membrane. SECTION B V. Answer any five questions, each in not more than 350 words (5X8=40) 21. What are the ten steps of glycolysis, its regulation and energetics? 22. Write about Glucose-Alanine cycle and Glutamate cyc ...
Protein Structure & Function - Lectures For UG-5
... There are thousands and thousands of different combinations of amino acids that can make up proteins and that would increase if each one had multiple shapes Proteins usually have only one useful conformation because otherwise it would not be efficient use of the energy available to the system Natura ...
... There are thousands and thousands of different combinations of amino acids that can make up proteins and that would increase if each one had multiple shapes Proteins usually have only one useful conformation because otherwise it would not be efficient use of the energy available to the system Natura ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.