Section 7-1
... 1. Aerobic respiration is the set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid. 2. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 3. The Krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing CO2, ...
... 1. Aerobic respiration is the set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid. 2. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 3. The Krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing CO2, ...
Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism
... molecules so the enzyme can "find" its substrate. Lower temperatures will decrease the rate of collisions and the rate of reactions. Increased temperatures will denature the enzyme. 16. Ethyl alcohol, lactic acid, butyl alcohol, acetone, and glycerol are some of the possible products. Refer to Table ...
... molecules so the enzyme can "find" its substrate. Lower temperatures will decrease the rate of collisions and the rate of reactions. Increased temperatures will denature the enzyme. 16. Ethyl alcohol, lactic acid, butyl alcohol, acetone, and glycerol are some of the possible products. Refer to Table ...
1. Organisms that synthesize organic molecules from inorganic
... 6. In which phase of cellular respiration is pyruvic acid formed? a) glycolysis b) lactic acid fermentation c) the citric acid cyle d) the electron transport chain 7. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration? a) it is the ultimate electron acceptor b) it combines with carbon to form CO2 c ...
... 6. In which phase of cellular respiration is pyruvic acid formed? a) glycolysis b) lactic acid fermentation c) the citric acid cyle d) the electron transport chain 7. What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration? a) it is the ultimate electron acceptor b) it combines with carbon to form CO2 c ...
Blue Flashcards (CR) - mvhs
... Reduction: ______ of electrons, meaning an oxidized molecule is more ____. ...
... Reduction: ______ of electrons, meaning an oxidized molecule is more ____. ...
Photosynthetic Reactions
... called the Calvin cycle. These reactions both occur in the chloroplasts of autotrophic cells. Though these reactions are very different there are some inherent similarities. These reactions can be compared in both processes and products. The light dependent reactions utilize photons that filter thro ...
... called the Calvin cycle. These reactions both occur in the chloroplasts of autotrophic cells. Though these reactions are very different there are some inherent similarities. These reactions can be compared in both processes and products. The light dependent reactions utilize photons that filter thro ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Constitutive enzymes – always present, always produced in equal amounts or at equal rates, regardless of amount of substrate – enzymes involved in glucose metabolism ...
... • Constitutive enzymes – always present, always produced in equal amounts or at equal rates, regardless of amount of substrate – enzymes involved in glucose metabolism ...
Here
... ATP: Useable form of energy Glycolysis: first step in aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic: without oxygen Aerobic: with oxygen Oxidation: Reaction when an atom or molecule loses electrons Reduction: Reaction when an atom or molecule gains electrons, Fermentation: Glycolysis is followed by th ...
... ATP: Useable form of energy Glycolysis: first step in aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic: without oxygen Aerobic: with oxygen Oxidation: Reaction when an atom or molecule loses electrons Reduction: Reaction when an atom or molecule gains electrons, Fermentation: Glycolysis is followed by th ...
Biochemical Reactions
... In anabolic (biosynthetic) pathways large complex molecules are synthesized from smaller molecules. In catabolic pathways large complex molecules are degraded into simpler products. A portion of the energy produced drive anabolic reactions. 1P2-15 ...
... In anabolic (biosynthetic) pathways large complex molecules are synthesized from smaller molecules. In catabolic pathways large complex molecules are degraded into simpler products. A portion of the energy produced drive anabolic reactions. 1P2-15 ...
Name KEY Block Date Ch 8 – Photosynthesis + Ch 9 – Cellular
... processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not require oxygen (an= without) 24. What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Briefly describe each and state where they take place. (1-2 sentences) a. Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid b. Krebs Cycle ...
... processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not require oxygen (an= without) 24. What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Briefly describe each and state where they take place. (1-2 sentences) a. Glycolysis - Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid b. Krebs Cycle ...
Chapter 14, Section 1, pages 494-501
... A chemical equilibrium is a state of balance between the forward and reverse reactions. The concentration of products and reactants remains unchanged. H2 + I2 <--------------> 2HI See fig. 3, pg. 498 Chemical Equilibria Are Dynamic (Leaky boat) Demo-pg. 500 Static equilibrium is a state when nothing ...
... A chemical equilibrium is a state of balance between the forward and reverse reactions. The concentration of products and reactants remains unchanged. H2 + I2 <--------------> 2HI See fig. 3, pg. 498 Chemical Equilibria Are Dynamic (Leaky boat) Demo-pg. 500 Static equilibrium is a state when nothing ...
acid
... Monomers and Polymers • Macromolecules = very large molecules • Polymers = macromolecules formed from monomers bonded together • Monomers = an identical or similar ...
... Monomers and Polymers • Macromolecules = very large molecules • Polymers = macromolecules formed from monomers bonded together • Monomers = an identical or similar ...
Biology 231
... forming new bonds requires energy, and some is stored in the bonds breaking bonds releases stored energy Metabolism – sum of all chemical reactions occurring in body synthesis reactions – smaller reactants combine to form larger products requires energy input decomposition reactions – large reactant ...
... forming new bonds requires energy, and some is stored in the bonds breaking bonds releases stored energy Metabolism – sum of all chemical reactions occurring in body synthesis reactions – smaller reactants combine to form larger products requires energy input decomposition reactions – large reactant ...
Pyruvate and Energetics of Glycolysis
... B) They are not control points for pathway regulation. C) They are reversible reactions. D) All of the above. E) None of the above. ...
... B) They are not control points for pathway regulation. C) They are reversible reactions. D) All of the above. E) None of the above. ...
Document
... Decreasing the amount of energy needed to produce an Activated complex or specifically reducing the activation Energy of the reaction. Catalyst make reaction proceed more Quickly. Enzymes are called biological catalysts and work the same Way as chemical catalysts within living organisms. Inhibitors ...
... Decreasing the amount of energy needed to produce an Activated complex or specifically reducing the activation Energy of the reaction. Catalyst make reaction proceed more Quickly. Enzymes are called biological catalysts and work the same Way as chemical catalysts within living organisms. Inhibitors ...
Organic Chemistry: Polymerization Reactions
... Teflon is made up of C-F bonds which are very strong (not C-H bonds). These very strong bonds make the Teflon highly unreactive (non-sticking), it has a high melting point and it has a slippery surface ...
... Teflon is made up of C-F bonds which are very strong (not C-H bonds). These very strong bonds make the Teflon highly unreactive (non-sticking), it has a high melting point and it has a slippery surface ...
Basic Chemistry notes
... ______________________—two or more like atoms combined chemically ______________________—two or more different atoms combined chemically ...
... ______________________—two or more like atoms combined chemically ______________________—two or more different atoms combined chemically ...
ch 7 organic power point
... Raw materials for production of other synthetic substances such as plastics ◦ Plastics include: paints, fabrics, rubber, insulation materials, foams, adhesives, molding, and structural materials ...
... Raw materials for production of other synthetic substances such as plastics ◦ Plastics include: paints, fabrics, rubber, insulation materials, foams, adhesives, molding, and structural materials ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... Hydrogen bonding occurs between polar molecules containing hydrogen. The slightly negatove atom in one molecule (usually O or N) exerts a pull on a hydroogen atom in an adjacent molecule, creating a hydogen bond. The hydrogen bond is easily broken but acts to hold molecules together. ...
... Hydrogen bonding occurs between polar molecules containing hydrogen. The slightly negatove atom in one molecule (usually O or N) exerts a pull on a hydroogen atom in an adjacent molecule, creating a hydogen bond. The hydrogen bond is easily broken but acts to hold molecules together. ...
Chemistry for Biologists
... of the nucleus will be altered. Unstable nuclei decay and produce detectable radiation at a steady rate. These radioisotopes are used by scientists for a variety of functions including determining the age of organic material and fossils, as radioactive tracers to map biochemical processes and as par ...
... of the nucleus will be altered. Unstable nuclei decay and produce detectable radiation at a steady rate. These radioisotopes are used by scientists for a variety of functions including determining the age of organic material and fossils, as radioactive tracers to map biochemical processes and as par ...
The Organization of the Human Body
... The antioxidants within food are not all the same. Some antioxidants prevent destruction, while others interrupt the effect of free radicals. Vitamin C, for example, breaks the chain reaction of free radical damage. Studies have shown that antioxidant supplements do not have the same beneficial effe ...
... The antioxidants within food are not all the same. Some antioxidants prevent destruction, while others interrupt the effect of free radicals. Vitamin C, for example, breaks the chain reaction of free radical damage. Studies have shown that antioxidant supplements do not have the same beneficial effe ...
Document
... • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC • ETC series of electron carriers located in cristae of mitochondria • energy from electrons transferred to ________________ • ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP • water is formed ...
... • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC • ETC series of electron carriers located in cristae of mitochondria • energy from electrons transferred to ________________ • ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP • water is formed ...
Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.