S8 + ___ F2 → ___ SF6 - Canvas by Instructure
... __ H+ + __ Cr2O72- + __C2H5OH __ Cr3+ + __ H2O + __ CO2 (Note: this is a net ionic equation – number of atoms & CHARGE must be balanced.) ...
... __ H+ + __ Cr2O72- + __C2H5OH __ Cr3+ + __ H2O + __ CO2 (Note: this is a net ionic equation – number of atoms & CHARGE must be balanced.) ...
Document
... makes this enzyme rotate, and this conformational change generates enough energy to make ATP. Oxidation of NADH to NAD+ pumps 3 protons which charges the ...
... makes this enzyme rotate, and this conformational change generates enough energy to make ATP. Oxidation of NADH to NAD+ pumps 3 protons which charges the ...
I. Cellular Energy • ATP: a) When the terminal phosphate is removed
... a) As e- cascade down the chain, the exergonic redox reactions liberate free energy that is harnessed by the transport proteins to actively pump protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This establishes a proton gradient that stores energy. b) Since membranes are impermeable to ions, th ...
... a) As e- cascade down the chain, the exergonic redox reactions liberate free energy that is harnessed by the transport proteins to actively pump protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This establishes a proton gradient that stores energy. b) Since membranes are impermeable to ions, th ...
Chapter 30 - The Chemical Basis of Animal Life
... When an atom either gains or loses electrons, it acquires an electrical charge and is called an ion (Gr. ion, going). If an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged because more positively charged protons are now in the nucleus than negatively charged electrons surrounding the ...
... When an atom either gains or loses electrons, it acquires an electrical charge and is called an ion (Gr. ion, going). If an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged because more positively charged protons are now in the nucleus than negatively charged electrons surrounding the ...
Metabolism part 2
... Respiration, the Terminal Electron Acceptor is oxygen. • Excess H’s (now called protons because they are no longer carrying an electron) outside the cell membrane create potential energy because there is a high positive charge on one side of membrane. • These protons are then pumped back inside the ...
... Respiration, the Terminal Electron Acceptor is oxygen. • Excess H’s (now called protons because they are no longer carrying an electron) outside the cell membrane create potential energy because there is a high positive charge on one side of membrane. • These protons are then pumped back inside the ...
Respiration, Chapter 8
... NAD+ ---> NADH; coenzyme A (from B vitamin), makes molecule very reactive From this point, each turn 2 C atoms enter (pyruvate) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin) ...
... NAD+ ---> NADH; coenzyme A (from B vitamin), makes molecule very reactive From this point, each turn 2 C atoms enter (pyruvate) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin) ...
electron transport chain
... transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient. This energy is used to do useful work. The gradient can be used to transport molecules across membranes. It can be used to produce ATP and NADH, high-energy molecules that are necessary for growth. A small amount of ATP is available from substrate-le ...
... transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient. This energy is used to do useful work. The gradient can be used to transport molecules across membranes. It can be used to produce ATP and NADH, high-energy molecules that are necessary for growth. A small amount of ATP is available from substrate-le ...
MLAB 1315- Hematology Fall 2007 Keri Brophy
... Iron in the hemoglobin molecule is in the ferric (Fe3) state instead of the ferrous (Fe2) state. Incapable of combining with oxygen. Can occur as a result of strong oxidative drugs or to an enzyme deficiency (more discussion to follow). Can revert to oxyhemoglobin ...
... Iron in the hemoglobin molecule is in the ferric (Fe3) state instead of the ferrous (Fe2) state. Incapable of combining with oxygen. Can occur as a result of strong oxidative drugs or to an enzyme deficiency (more discussion to follow). Can revert to oxyhemoglobin ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The electron transport "chain" is a series of electron carrying proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • These proteins transfer electrons from one to another, down the chain. • These electrons are added, along with some of the H+ protons, to oxygen, which is the final electron accept ...
... • The electron transport "chain" is a series of electron carrying proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • These proteins transfer electrons from one to another, down the chain. • These electrons are added, along with some of the H+ protons, to oxygen, which is the final electron accept ...
Atom - edl.io
... electrons (the metallic elements, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium) and atoms with seven valence shell electrons (such as chlorine, fluorine, and iodine) ...
... electrons (the metallic elements, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium) and atoms with seven valence shell electrons (such as chlorine, fluorine, and iodine) ...
BASIC CHEMISTRY - Archbishop Ryan High School
... electrons (the metallic elements, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium) and atoms with seven valence shell electrons (such as chlorine, fluorine, and iodine) ...
... electrons (the metallic elements, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium) and atoms with seven valence shell electrons (such as chlorine, fluorine, and iodine) ...
Chemistry of Cars unit_7_chemistry_of_cars
... Catalysts may prime molecules to react by shifting their electrons more favorable to new bonding combinations. Example: Enzymes in your saliva and stomach break down food. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= W0xOgfBaERc&feature=related ...
... Catalysts may prime molecules to react by shifting their electrons more favorable to new bonding combinations. Example: Enzymes in your saliva and stomach break down food. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= W0xOgfBaERc&feature=related ...
Types of Chemical Reactions
... (solid, liquid, aqueous, or gas). If no reaction occurs write the words "no reaction" (or NR) instead of the products in your balanced equation and indicate why your think there was no reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, dispose of all waste in the waste container, or a beaker that you pour into t ...
... (solid, liquid, aqueous, or gas). If no reaction occurs write the words "no reaction" (or NR) instead of the products in your balanced equation and indicate why your think there was no reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, dispose of all waste in the waste container, or a beaker that you pour into t ...
Biol 1406 notes Ch 2 8thed
... biological molecules it generally has a valence of 5, forming three single covalent bonds and one double bond. Covalent bonds can form between atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements. o Although both types are molecules, the latter are also compounds. o Water (H2O) is a compound in ...
... biological molecules it generally has a valence of 5, forming three single covalent bonds and one double bond. Covalent bonds can form between atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements. o Although both types are molecules, the latter are also compounds. o Water (H2O) is a compound in ...
Chapter 2
... Hydrogen bonds form when a hydrogen atom that is already covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom. o In cells, the electronegative partners are typically nitrogen or oxygen. o Hydrogen bonds form because a polar covalent bond leaves the hydrogen atom ...
... Hydrogen bonds form when a hydrogen atom that is already covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom. o In cells, the electronegative partners are typically nitrogen or oxygen. o Hydrogen bonds form because a polar covalent bond leaves the hydrogen atom ...
PDF File - Computational Biochemistry Group
... storage site) and a neighbouring cysteine [Frey et al., 2006]. GREs can stabilize the glycyl radical within the protein matrix and recycle it after an enzymatic turnover [Hioe et al., 2011]. Functional GREs are generated via post-translational activation by a specific activating enzyme (AE) belongin ...
... storage site) and a neighbouring cysteine [Frey et al., 2006]. GREs can stabilize the glycyl radical within the protein matrix and recycle it after an enzymatic turnover [Hioe et al., 2011]. Functional GREs are generated via post-translational activation by a specific activating enzyme (AE) belongin ...
Chapter 8 Enzymes: basic concepts and kinetics
... Properties of the active sites of enzymes • The active site is a three dimensional cleft or crevice • The amino acid residues involved in binding the substrate(s) are called the catalytic groups • The active site takes a relative small part of the total volume of an enzyme • Substrates are bound to ...
... Properties of the active sites of enzymes • The active site is a three dimensional cleft or crevice • The amino acid residues involved in binding the substrate(s) are called the catalytic groups • The active site takes a relative small part of the total volume of an enzyme • Substrates are bound to ...
Structure of Molecules and Compounds | Principles of Biology from
... Covalent bonds come in several varieties. A single bond forms between two atoms that share one pair of electrons. Consider the element carbon. It has four valence electrons. Carbon requires four additional electrons to reach a stable configuration. It can gain these electrons, for example, by combin ...
... Covalent bonds come in several varieties. A single bond forms between two atoms that share one pair of electrons. Consider the element carbon. It has four valence electrons. Carbon requires four additional electrons to reach a stable configuration. It can gain these electrons, for example, by combin ...
apbio ch 2 study guide
... Hydrogen bonds form when a hydrogen atom that is already covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom. o In cells, the electronegative partners are typically nitrogen or oxygen. o Hydrogen bonds form because a polar covalent bond leaves the hydrogen atom ...
... Hydrogen bonds form when a hydrogen atom that is already covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom. o In cells, the electronegative partners are typically nitrogen or oxygen. o Hydrogen bonds form because a polar covalent bond leaves the hydrogen atom ...
use cellular respiration
... = organisms that can make ATP using either fermentation or cellular respiration Ex: yeast and many bacteria With oxygen pyruvate → Krebs cycle ...
... = organisms that can make ATP using either fermentation or cellular respiration Ex: yeast and many bacteria With oxygen pyruvate → Krebs cycle ...
AP Biology
... 19. What is the overall purpose of fermentation? Why does it have to occur? fermentation is a pathway used under anaerobic conditions. it is needed to produce energy or ATP where there is no oxygen present. its products are yeast, alcohol, the fermentation of many foods, and lactic acid in muscles 2 ...
... 19. What is the overall purpose of fermentation? Why does it have to occur? fermentation is a pathway used under anaerobic conditions. it is needed to produce energy or ATP where there is no oxygen present. its products are yeast, alcohol, the fermentation of many foods, and lactic acid in muscles 2 ...
Questions for Respiration and Photoshyntesis
... 1. What are oxidation/reduction reactions? Chem. rxns that involve a partial or complete transfer of e- from one reactant to another 2. The ETC involves a series of redox reactions in which electrons pass from carrier to carrier down to oxygen the final electron acceptor. 3. What are the three main ...
... 1. What are oxidation/reduction reactions? Chem. rxns that involve a partial or complete transfer of e- from one reactant to another 2. The ETC involves a series of redox reactions in which electrons pass from carrier to carrier down to oxygen the final electron acceptor. 3. What are the three main ...
File
... and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction • function as intermediate carriers of electrons, specific atoms or functional groups that are transferred in the overall reaction • Examples: NAD, NADP, FAD, CoEnzymeA ...
... and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction • function as intermediate carriers of electrons, specific atoms or functional groups that are transferred in the overall reaction • Examples: NAD, NADP, FAD, CoEnzymeA ...
Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.