A trophic cascade induced by predatory ants in a figfig wasp
... receptive figs through a specialized entrance (the ostiole) to lay their eggs in female flowers from within the fig, whilst most NPFW species use their long ovipositors to lay eggs through the fig wall from the outside. Because NPFW species that gall fig flowers have herbivorous ...
... receptive figs through a specialized entrance (the ostiole) to lay their eggs in female flowers from within the fig, whilst most NPFW species use their long ovipositors to lay eggs through the fig wall from the outside. Because NPFW species that gall fig flowers have herbivorous ...
Sneaky African fig wasps that oviposit through holes drilled by other
... Beyond where their larvae develop, the behaviour of most species has not been observed, but non-pollinators can be broadly divided into those species with larvae that feed on galled ovules (and to varying degrees are independent of the pollinators) and others, including the Sycoryctinae, with larvae ...
... Beyond where their larvae develop, the behaviour of most species has not been observed, but non-pollinators can be broadly divided into those species with larvae that feed on galled ovules (and to varying degrees are independent of the pollinators) and others, including the Sycoryctinae, with larvae ...
yellow crazy ants in the wet tropics
... prevent natural enemies of these bugs from attacking, thereby allowing bug populations to build-up, to the detriment of the host plant. If the bugs make more honeydew than the ants can use, it drips on the leaves below, attracting sooty mould, which impairs photosynthesis by covering leaves. Another ...
... prevent natural enemies of these bugs from attacking, thereby allowing bug populations to build-up, to the detriment of the host plant. If the bugs make more honeydew than the ants can use, it drips on the leaves below, attracting sooty mould, which impairs photosynthesis by covering leaves. Another ...
Effect of Argentine ant invasions on ground
... ¯ies). Second, the Argentine ant is a unicolonial species forming supercolonies in which numerous queens and abundant workers mix freely among spatially separated nests (Newell and Barber 1913; Markin 1970b; HoÈlldobler and Wilson 1990). Perhaps due to this lack of intraspeci®c aggression, worker po ...
... ¯ies). Second, the Argentine ant is a unicolonial species forming supercolonies in which numerous queens and abundant workers mix freely among spatially separated nests (Newell and Barber 1913; Markin 1970b; HoÈlldobler and Wilson 1990). Perhaps due to this lack of intraspeci®c aggression, worker po ...
Gotzek, D., H. J. Axen, A. V. Suarez, C. S.H., and D. D. Shoemaker
... the partially decomposed sub-surface leaves used. The superficial layers did not support invertebrate life as revealed by careful examination of leaves outside of the sample quadrats. These samples were sieved and placed in Tullgren funnels for 24 h. Sweep netting of 10 m2 was also carried out in th ...
... the partially decomposed sub-surface leaves used. The superficial layers did not support invertebrate life as revealed by careful examination of leaves outside of the sample quadrats. These samples were sieved and placed in Tullgren funnels for 24 h. Sweep netting of 10 m2 was also carried out in th ...
Vespa velutina: a new invasive predator of
... plants, especially ivy (H. helix; Fig. 5), but the function of this attraction is unknown. Although they may forage for their own sustenance during their search for mates (ivy being a well-known autumnal source of nectar and pollen for many insects, Spradbery 1973), the plants visited by males durin ...
... plants, especially ivy (H. helix; Fig. 5), but the function of this attraction is unknown. Although they may forage for their own sustenance during their search for mates (ivy being a well-known autumnal source of nectar and pollen for many insects, Spradbery 1973), the plants visited by males durin ...
Differences in Forage-Acquisition and Fungal Enzyme Activity
... colony in Guyana consisted mostly of leaves with flowers as a distinct minority class, similar to a later studied colony of Atta ...
... colony in Guyana consisted mostly of leaves with flowers as a distinct minority class, similar to a later studied colony of Atta ...
Pollination by Hymenopterans and Ec Hymenopterans and
... nectar pollen and other fluid secretions for pollinators as a source of food. Pollinators on the other hand benefit the plant by ensuring the continuity of their life through sexual reproduction with effective pollination. Plants provide the pollinator with the appropriate clues and positive reinfor ...
... nectar pollen and other fluid secretions for pollinators as a source of food. Pollinators on the other hand benefit the plant by ensuring the continuity of their life through sexual reproduction with effective pollination. Plants provide the pollinator with the appropriate clues and positive reinfor ...
What is an apex predator?
... energy in fewer offspring compared to extrinsically-regulated carnivores. Five variables were assessed for this trait: 1) age at weaning, 2) age at independence (and dispersal), 3) age at sexual maturity, 4) lifespan and 5) population reproductive rate (accounting for reproductive suppression of some ...
... energy in fewer offspring compared to extrinsically-regulated carnivores. Five variables were assessed for this trait: 1) age at weaning, 2) age at independence (and dispersal), 3) age at sexual maturity, 4) lifespan and 5) population reproductive rate (accounting for reproductive suppression of some ...
Interference competition by Argentine ants displaces native ants
... allow more meaningful comparisons with studies elsewhere (Holway and Case 2001). These tests are likely to be conservative because these laboratory colonies are considerably smaller than established populations of L. humile at invaded sites. Furthermore, colonies of this size provide insight into th ...
... allow more meaningful comparisons with studies elsewhere (Holway and Case 2001). These tests are likely to be conservative because these laboratory colonies are considerably smaller than established populations of L. humile at invaded sites. Furthermore, colonies of this size provide insight into th ...
APHIDS AND ANTS - underc - University of Notre Dame
... application, they were grouped by ant presence; then, aphid population size between trees with and without ants was significantly different. This observation indicates that ant presence is dependent not only on Tanglefoot, but also on one or several other outside environmental factors. Predation may ...
... application, they were grouped by ant presence; then, aphid population size between trees with and without ants was significantly different. This observation indicates that ant presence is dependent not only on Tanglefoot, but also on one or several other outside environmental factors. Predation may ...
The evolution and functional morphology of trap-jaw
... We review the biology of trap-jaw ants whose highly specialized mandibles generate extreme speeds and forces for predation and defense. Trap-jaw ants are characterized by elongated, power-amplified mandibles and use a combination of latches and springs to generate some of the fastest animal movement ...
... We review the biology of trap-jaw ants whose highly specialized mandibles generate extreme speeds and forces for predation and defense. Trap-jaw ants are characterized by elongated, power-amplified mandibles and use a combination of latches and springs to generate some of the fastest animal movement ...
Impacts of red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta on survivorship
... or irritation of the skin caused by ant stings, reduced prey numbers for other invertebrates and vertebrates, and possible changes in behavior that could affect subsequent survival (Allen et al. 2004). This work confirms that S. invicta can also cause negative effects in places where it is native. T ...
... or irritation of the skin caused by ant stings, reduced prey numbers for other invertebrates and vertebrates, and possible changes in behavior that could affect subsequent survival (Allen et al. 2004). This work confirms that S. invicta can also cause negative effects in places where it is native. T ...
Trophic impact of long-lived species indicated by population
... the impact in the water column of small and large individuals. Terrestrial or aquatic sessile species create structures (plant or animal forest) that enhance energy acquisition and minimize competition for space/ energy and predation. Intraspecific competition leads to changes in population structur ...
... the impact in the water column of small and large individuals. Terrestrial or aquatic sessile species create structures (plant or animal forest) that enhance energy acquisition and minimize competition for space/ energy and predation. Intraspecific competition leads to changes in population structur ...
Seed predation by ants in south-eastern Spain (Desierto de
... Tabernas Desert, six feed mainly or exclusively on seeds. The three Messor species are the most important as predators because the amount of seeds collected by them is by far larger than that brought in by the other species. However, also smaller ants such as Goniomma ssp., Pheidole pallidula, or Te ...
... Tabernas Desert, six feed mainly or exclusively on seeds. The three Messor species are the most important as predators because the amount of seeds collected by them is by far larger than that brought in by the other species. However, also smaller ants such as Goniomma ssp., Pheidole pallidula, or Te ...
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
... volume per unit dry weight and per unit substrate area; this zoanthid produced the largest oocytes, Z. so/anderi had the lowest fecundity and reproductive effort. All three species are hermaphroditic: Z. so/anderi (10 of 15 fertile colonies), Z. sociatus (4 of 24), and P. caribaeorum (4 of 23). We c ...
... volume per unit dry weight and per unit substrate area; this zoanthid produced the largest oocytes, Z. so/anderi had the lowest fecundity and reproductive effort. All three species are hermaphroditic: Z. so/anderi (10 of 15 fertile colonies), Z. sociatus (4 of 24), and P. caribaeorum (4 of 23). We c ...
1 Are invasive ants better plant-defense mutualists? A comparison of
... did not vary with ant species. Yellow crazy ants were also more thorough in their attacks of termites, recruited 3.4-4 times more workers to termites, and were 3.4 times quicker at discovering termites on A. lamprocarpa than were weaver ants. Discovery of termites by other predators did not vary sig ...
... did not vary with ant species. Yellow crazy ants were also more thorough in their attacks of termites, recruited 3.4-4 times more workers to termites, and were 3.4 times quicker at discovering termites on A. lamprocarpa than were weaver ants. Discovery of termites by other predators did not vary sig ...
Rethinking the Theoretical Foundation of Sociobiology
... saying that “a high standard of morality gives but a slight or no advantage to each individual man and his children over the other men of the same tribe.” As for human morality, so also for group-level adaptations in all species. Something more than natural selection within single groups is required ...
... saying that “a high standard of morality gives but a slight or no advantage to each individual man and his children over the other men of the same tribe.” As for human morality, so also for group-level adaptations in all species. Something more than natural selection within single groups is required ...
Eusociality
Eusociality (Greek eu: ""good/real"" + ""social""), the highest level of organization of animal sociality, is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including brood care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations within a colony of adults, and a division of labour into reproductive and non-reproductive groups. The division of labor creates specialized behavioral groups within an animal society which are sometimes called castes. Eusociality is distinguished from all other social systems because individuals of at least one caste usually lose the ability to perform at least one behavior characteristic of individuals in another caste.Eusociality exists in certain insects, crustaceans and possibly mammals. It is mostly observed and studied in the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) and in the termites. For example, a colony has caste differences; queens and reproductive males take the roles as the sole reproducers while the soldiers and workers work together to create a living situation favorable for the brood. In addition to Hymenoptera and Isoptera, there are two known eusocial vertebrates from the order Rodentia, which includes the naked mole-rat and the Damaraland mole-rat. Most of the individuals cooperatively care for the brood of a single reproductive female (the queen) to which they are most likely related. Some shrimps such as Synalpheus regalis are also eusocial.Several other levels of animal sociality have been distinguished. These include presocial (solitary but social), subsocial, and parasocial (including communal, quasisocial, and semisocial).