Conspecific Brood Parasitism in Birds: A Life
... Far less well appreciated are the conspecific brood parasites who lay eggs in the nests of other individuals of their own species, but provide no subsequent care for the eggs. Although no less puzzling than its interspecific counterpart, conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) has received much less attenti ...
... Far less well appreciated are the conspecific brood parasites who lay eggs in the nests of other individuals of their own species, but provide no subsequent care for the eggs. Although no less puzzling than its interspecific counterpart, conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) has received much less attenti ...
Dynamics of the aphid-ant mutualism
... Aphids are one of the best examples of trade-offs between investment in reproduction and dispersal. Various types of seasonal host alternation between woody and herbaceous plants occur among aphids and enable them to gain high productivity from each season (Fig. 1). The alate morph has wings and a r ...
... Aphids are one of the best examples of trade-offs between investment in reproduction and dispersal. Various types of seasonal host alternation between woody and herbaceous plants occur among aphids and enable them to gain high productivity from each season (Fig. 1). The alate morph has wings and a r ...
Non-Random Evolution
... Let us explore the idea of environment as it relates to non-random evolution. Living things are constrained by their environment because they need certain materials and certain physical conditions from their environment. We can define the environment as any material situation in which any living thi ...
... Let us explore the idea of environment as it relates to non-random evolution. Living things are constrained by their environment because they need certain materials and certain physical conditions from their environment. We can define the environment as any material situation in which any living thi ...
15. sibling competition and the evolution of brood size
... Presumably, the female parent controls the number of nestlings per brood, while growth rate and activity are primarily strategies of nestlings. Due to the basic asymmetry of genetic relationships among siblings (Trivers 1974), nestlings and their parents may come into conflict with respect to such n ...
... Presumably, the female parent controls the number of nestlings per brood, while growth rate and activity are primarily strategies of nestlings. Due to the basic asymmetry of genetic relationships among siblings (Trivers 1974), nestlings and their parents may come into conflict with respect to such n ...
Disruption of Cotton Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)—Natural Enemy
... means were signiÞcantly different on that sampling date (Bonferroni test). ...
... means were signiÞcantly different on that sampling date (Bonferroni test). ...
Mutualism between Thisbe irenea butterflies and
... on the local distributions of ant colonies, some larvae and plants were tended by E. tuberculatum, or species in the genera Camponotus, Wasmannia, Pheidole or Tapinoma. O n many occasions wasps, beetles, flies and other insects were observed foraging on the leaves and/or extrafloral nectaries of C. ...
... on the local distributions of ant colonies, some larvae and plants were tended by E. tuberculatum, or species in the genera Camponotus, Wasmannia, Pheidole or Tapinoma. O n many occasions wasps, beetles, flies and other insects were observed foraging on the leaves and/or extrafloral nectaries of C. ...
Schluter TREE 2001
... between two populations starts to build in allopatry as populations accumulate adaptations to unique aspects of their environments. Premating isolation then evolves to completion by reinforcement after sympatry is secondarily established. The timing of SECONDARY CONTACT is flexible, however, and the ...
... between two populations starts to build in allopatry as populations accumulate adaptations to unique aspects of their environments. Premating isolation then evolves to completion by reinforcement after sympatry is secondarily established. The timing of SECONDARY CONTACT is flexible, however, and the ...
Appendix 1: Parental Care and Egg Size References
... Rodel, M.-O., Kosuch, J., Veith, M., & Ernst, R. 2003. First record of the genus Acanthixalus Laurent, 1944 from the upper guinean rain forest, West Africa, with a description of a new species. J. Herpetol. 37, 43-52. Rodriguez, L.O. & Duellman, W.E. 1994. Guide to the Frogs of the Iquitos Region, A ...
... Rodel, M.-O., Kosuch, J., Veith, M., & Ernst, R. 2003. First record of the genus Acanthixalus Laurent, 1944 from the upper guinean rain forest, West Africa, with a description of a new species. J. Herpetol. 37, 43-52. Rodriguez, L.O. & Duellman, W.E. 1994. Guide to the Frogs of the Iquitos Region, A ...
… et d`ailleurs / … en van andere streken
... study of stomach contents of all the birds, frogs and mammals studied by BEQUAERT (1922). Here, we report a case of predation on Dorylus (Anomma) congolensis by Agama agama (Agamidae). On 13 June 2006 at 10h40 at Pointe Wigombé, in Pongara National Park, Estuaire Province, northwestern Gabon, Yves B ...
... study of stomach contents of all the birds, frogs and mammals studied by BEQUAERT (1922). Here, we report a case of predation on Dorylus (Anomma) congolensis by Agama agama (Agamidae). On 13 June 2006 at 10h40 at Pointe Wigombé, in Pongara National Park, Estuaire Province, northwestern Gabon, Yves B ...
The effects of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) and
... Gall-forming insects. The abundance of gall-forming insects increased as the study progressed (TIME: F2.42,67.79 = 8.675, P < 0.001; Fig. 3). The average abundance of galls was 30% higher in the invaded area than in the un-invaded area (Invasion: F1,28 = 3.161, P = 0.086). In the invaded area, gall- ...
... Gall-forming insects. The abundance of gall-forming insects increased as the study progressed (TIME: F2.42,67.79 = 8.675, P < 0.001; Fig. 3). The average abundance of galls was 30% higher in the invaded area than in the un-invaded area (Invasion: F1,28 = 3.161, P = 0.086). In the invaded area, gall- ...
prey selection in horned lizards following the
... Camponotus, Myrmecocystus, Formica) were lumped for analyses in sites where a genus was represented by more than one species. The abundance of ants found in pitfall traps is influenced by the distance from the pitfall trap to the colony entrance, the foraging method of the ant species, the size of t ...
... Camponotus, Myrmecocystus, Formica) were lumped for analyses in sites where a genus was represented by more than one species. The abundance of ants found in pitfall traps is influenced by the distance from the pitfall trap to the colony entrance, the foraging method of the ant species, the size of t ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... that a female's hunger level might influence her time allocation to various behaviors while in a patch. To solicit honeydew, females utilized a distinct form of antennation that appeared to mimic aphid-tending ants. It was reasoned that this behavior should be expressed more often by hungry females ...
... that a female's hunger level might influence her time allocation to various behaviors while in a patch. To solicit honeydew, females utilized a distinct form of antennation that appeared to mimic aphid-tending ants. It was reasoned that this behavior should be expressed more often by hungry females ...
Field colonies of leaf-cutting ants select plant
... (e.g., Bacon et al. 1977, Rowan and Gaynor 1986, Prestidge and Gallagher 1988, Breen 1994), but studies on native grass species have shown negative, neutral, and positive effects on herbivores (Tibbets and Faeth 1999, Saikkonen et al. 1999, Koh and Hik 2007). The most widely studied endophytes, thos ...
... (e.g., Bacon et al. 1977, Rowan and Gaynor 1986, Prestidge and Gallagher 1988, Breen 1994), but studies on native grass species have shown negative, neutral, and positive effects on herbivores (Tibbets and Faeth 1999, Saikkonen et al. 1999, Koh and Hik 2007). The most widely studied endophytes, thos ...
The invasive Argentine ant Linepithema humile
... on contact (SORRELLS & al. 2011). The winter ants are most likely to deploy this weapon when close to their own nest, suggesting that they use it defensively but not necessarily to deter Argentine ants at food resources. Other unpublished work by K. Fitzgerald suggests that winter ants are able to o ...
... on contact (SORRELLS & al. 2011). The winter ants are most likely to deploy this weapon when close to their own nest, suggesting that they use it defensively but not necessarily to deter Argentine ants at food resources. Other unpublished work by K. Fitzgerald suggests that winter ants are able to o ...
Warning Signs
... • Termites are one of the rare insect species that live in colonies consisting of an equal number of males and females, even in the soldier caste. • At least 1,900 species of termites are known to exist on earth. • While a serious threat to wooden structures, termites are also beneficial. Their ab ...
... • Termites are one of the rare insect species that live in colonies consisting of an equal number of males and females, even in the soldier caste. • At least 1,900 species of termites are known to exist on earth. • While a serious threat to wooden structures, termites are also beneficial. Their ab ...
Detrimental effects of two widespread invasive ant species on
... were geologically similar and supported the same dominant plant and animal species, including nesting Wedge-tailed Shearwaters. The BHA was the numerically dominant arthropod on Popoia and Mokuauia (Pair 1) and the TFA was one of two numerically dominant arthropods on Moku Nui and Moku Iki (Pair 2) ...
... were geologically similar and supported the same dominant plant and animal species, including nesting Wedge-tailed Shearwaters. The BHA was the numerically dominant arthropod on Popoia and Mokuauia (Pair 1) and the TFA was one of two numerically dominant arthropods on Moku Nui and Moku Iki (Pair 2) ...
Natural Selection and Ecological Speciation in Sticklebacks
... Box 9.1 Defining ecological speciation Ecological speciation occurs when reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence ...
... Box 9.1 Defining ecological speciation Ecological speciation occurs when reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence ...
Planting Forage for Honey Bees in Canada A guide for farmers, land
... Honey bees have much larger foraging ranges than native bees, up to 5 km, but generally stay 2 to 3 km from hives. Conversely, native bees forage much closer to their nest sites, generally only a few hundred meters, depending on the species. These differing foraging ranges create unique differences ...
... Honey bees have much larger foraging ranges than native bees, up to 5 km, but generally stay 2 to 3 km from hives. Conversely, native bees forage much closer to their nest sites, generally only a few hundred meters, depending on the species. These differing foraging ranges create unique differences ...
Social wasp foraging behavior
... wasps use their sting to paralyze hosts more or less permanently and then carry them to a crevice or a nest where an egg is laid on the host. However, social aculeate wasps, upon which this review focuses, most often kill their prey by biting rather than stinging, and the sting is used for defense. ...
... wasps use their sting to paralyze hosts more or less permanently and then carry them to a crevice or a nest where an egg is laid on the host. However, social aculeate wasps, upon which this review focuses, most often kill their prey by biting rather than stinging, and the sting is used for defense. ...
Parasitoid Wasps, Natural Enemies of Insects
... are highly specialized due the tight intimate relationship with their respective hosts. The diversity and radiation of the Hymenoptera relies on the successful parasitoid mode of life, which is present in the majority of families of this order. Within terrestrial ecosystems, parasitoids covered the ...
... are highly specialized due the tight intimate relationship with their respective hosts. The diversity and radiation of the Hymenoptera relies on the successful parasitoid mode of life, which is present in the majority of families of this order. Within terrestrial ecosystems, parasitoids covered the ...
Pachycondyla Chemical Ecology analis
... with higher release levels when separated from each other. Using a Mandible Opening Response (MOR) bioassay, ants were able to distinguish between nestmates and non-nestmates based on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles. This suggests that P. analis uses CHCs as short range contact recognition cues ...
... with higher release levels when separated from each other. Using a Mandible Opening Response (MOR) bioassay, ants were able to distinguish between nestmates and non-nestmates based on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles. This suggests that P. analis uses CHCs as short range contact recognition cues ...
Lineage Loss in Serengeti Cheetahs
... applies directly to a population with discrete generations, I followed Lande and Barrowclough’s (1987) correction for Ne per unit time for populations with overlapping generations. The inbreeding Ne requires knowledge of numbers of breeding adults. I counted female cheetahs as breeding adults when t ...
... applies directly to a population with discrete generations, I followed Lande and Barrowclough’s (1987) correction for Ne per unit time for populations with overlapping generations. The inbreeding Ne requires knowledge of numbers of breeding adults. I counted female cheetahs as breeding adults when t ...
Eusociality
Eusociality (Greek eu: ""good/real"" + ""social""), the highest level of organization of animal sociality, is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including brood care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations within a colony of adults, and a division of labour into reproductive and non-reproductive groups. The division of labor creates specialized behavioral groups within an animal society which are sometimes called castes. Eusociality is distinguished from all other social systems because individuals of at least one caste usually lose the ability to perform at least one behavior characteristic of individuals in another caste.Eusociality exists in certain insects, crustaceans and possibly mammals. It is mostly observed and studied in the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) and in the termites. For example, a colony has caste differences; queens and reproductive males take the roles as the sole reproducers while the soldiers and workers work together to create a living situation favorable for the brood. In addition to Hymenoptera and Isoptera, there are two known eusocial vertebrates from the order Rodentia, which includes the naked mole-rat and the Damaraland mole-rat. Most of the individuals cooperatively care for the brood of a single reproductive female (the queen) to which they are most likely related. Some shrimps such as Synalpheus regalis are also eusocial.Several other levels of animal sociality have been distinguished. These include presocial (solitary but social), subsocial, and parasocial (including communal, quasisocial, and semisocial).