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Enzymes
Enzymes

... • Enzymes can be destroyed (DENATURED) if they are not kept in the proper conditions ~ 45o Celcius • Enzymes begin to lose their conformation (amino acid folding) at high tempresults in losing their function ...
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Precipitate Lab Report Power Point with Answers

... Temperature change, odor change, precipitate formation, irreversibility, color change, and new bubble formation are the evidence for a chemical reaction occuring. Not every time one of these changes is proof of a chemical reaction, but often they are. Sometimes chemical reactions can occur with no o ...
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... reaction thus enabling the reaction to occur at a greater rate than it could under the temperature, pressure and environment of a biological environment. This extra energy for the reaction to occur is called the activation energy. It has nothing to do with the initial and final energy states. Activa ...
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Computation of Switch Time Distributions in Stochastic Gene Regulatory Networks

... computation of the error in this approximation. This error can then be decreased to reach any non-zero error tolerance through a systematic expansion of projections known as the FSP algorithm [7]. However, as we will illustrate in this paper, the “error” guarantee of the FSP provides more than a sim ...
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BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

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Multi-state modeling of biomolecules

Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behaviour of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states.Biological signaling systems often rely on complexes of biological macromolecules that can undergo several functionally significant modifications that are mutually compatible. Thus, they can exist in a very large number of functionally different states. Modeling such multi-state systems poses two problems: The problem of how to describe and specify a multi-state system (the ""specification problem"") and the problem of how to use a computer to simulate the progress of the system over time (the ""computation problem""). To address the specification problem, modelers have in recent years moved away from explicit specification of all possible states, and towards rule-based formalisms that allow for implicit model specification, including the κ-calculus, BioNetGen, the Allosteric Network Compiler and others. To tackle the computation problem, they have turned to particle-based methods that have in many cases proved more computationally efficient than population-based methods based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, or the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm. Given current computing technology, particle-based methods are sometimes the only possible option. Particle-based simulators further fall into two categories: Non-spatial simulators such as StochSim, DYNSTOC, RuleMonkey, and NFSim and spatial simulators, including Meredys, SRSim and MCell. Modelers can thus choose from a variety of tools; the best choice depending on the particular problem. Development of faster and more powerful methods is ongoing, promising the ability to simulate ever more complex signaling processes in the future.
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