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Decarboxylation Reactions Major concepts Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation Reactions Major concepts Decarboxylation

... 10. The following figure contains the citric acid cycle. A. Label one reaction as an “aldol reaction,” one reaction as an “electrophilic addition,” and one reaction as a “hydrolysis reaction.” B. Label all reactions in which CO2 is produced. If a cofactor is required, give the cofactor. C. Label al ...
chemical reactions
chemical reactions

... substances, elements and compounds, are reacted and students are required to observe changes and to write balanced equations for those reactions that occur. Such experiments are generally found in standard laboratory manuals. In this demonstration, chemical reactions are classified as direct union, ...
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Ch 3 Lipids

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Enzymes lecture 2

... The transmembrane enzyme CD38, a multifunctional protein ubiquitously present in cells, is the main enzyme that synthesizes and hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose (cADPR), an intracellular Ca(2+)-mobilizing messenger. CD38 is thought to be a type II transmembrane protein with its carb ...
Amino Acids
Amino Acids

... Storage proteins (ferrin that bind to iron and help in its storage) Maintain the osmotic pressure ...
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... chemical reactions of life to occur much faster than they could otherwise (with a much lower energy input). • They are mostly catalytic proteins. • Very specific (have specific substrates) • Not consumed • Activity can be modulated (controlled) •They don’t alter the nature of the energy change that ...
topic 3 igcse biology
topic 3 igcse biology

... of the gut. The enzymes then pass out of the cells into the gut, where they come into contact with food molecules. They catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules. e) Some microorganisms produce enzymes that pass out of the cells. These enzymes have many uses in the home and in ...
20. Biochemistry of Muscles and Connective Tissue
20. Biochemistry of Muscles and Connective Tissue

... There are 12 types of collagens (differ from each other by the primary structure, types of chains, contents of carbohydrates, localization in organs and tissues). 4 main types: ...
Types of Biochemical Reactions
Types of Biochemical Reactions

... smaller units and release energy. An example of a catabolic reaction is the breakdown of glucose, which releases energy that cells need to carry out life processes. Endothermic reactions in organisms are called anabolic reactions. These reactions build up bigger molecules from smaller ones. An examp ...
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Enzymes - our Learning Areas

... antibodies for fighting off infections and enzymes ...
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Dynabeads® for protein complex isolation

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A “random steady state” model for the pyruvate dehydrogenase and

... and L-leucine in E. coli [11] and to L-threonine biosynthesis, along with the development of a new model, the generalized Monod, Wyman, Changeux (GMWC) model, for regulation by allosteric enzymes [12]. Cellerator, a MathematicaTM package designed for the generation of chemical reaction networks [13] ...
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Unit 3. Basic of Biopolymers (3) Control of Protein Function

... targeted to cellular compartments by signal sequences or by attachment of a lipid tail that inserts into membranes. directed to a complex of interacting proteins by a structural interaction domain Localization is a dynamic process and a given protein may be targeted to different compartments at diff ...
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... 2- Some collisions between reactant molecules do not form products. This is most likely because : aThe molecules do not collide in the proper ratio bThe molecules do not have enough energy cThe concentration is too low dThe reaction is at equilibrium 3- What is the expected shape of ethane? a) b) c) ...
experiment 10 - Faculty Web Pages
experiment 10 - Faculty Web Pages

... Background: You will combine two water solutions, each containing positive and negative ions. Consider this generalized reaction between two ionic compounds: AB + CD AD + CB where A, B, C, and D all exist as ions in solution. Will a reaction happen, and if so, what will be the products? Each of the ...
Rxn Pred students
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...  Reactions that involve an element replacing one part of a compound. The products include the displace element and a new compound. An element can only replace another element that is less active than itself. (Look a activity series/ AP packet) ...
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CHM 103 Lecture 11 S07

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Biomolecule Reading
Biomolecule Reading

... Polymers such as starches and proteins are formed when their building blocks (monomers) are joined together. The joining of two monomers to each other is called dehydration synthesis because a hydrogen (H) and a hydroxide (OH) are removed from the monomers when they are joined together. The hydrogen ...
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... 1 FAD molecule and synthesis of one GTP molecule which is converted to ATP. ...
seminar/04/ppt/gns - Bicpu.edu.in
seminar/04/ppt/gns - Bicpu.edu.in

... inactive. This receptor map is derived by looking at the localized charges on the active ligands and hence assigning the ...
combne etc citric photo
combne etc citric photo

... catabolic pathway a series of biochemical reactions in which large complex molecules are degraded into smaller, simpler products anabolic pathway a series of biochemical reactions in which large complex molecules are synthesized from smaller precursors anabolism energy-requiring biosynthetic pathway ...
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions

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biology 110

... 4. What is phosporylation. What happens to the store of energy within a molecule when it phosphorylated? 5. What is an electron transport system? 6. Write out the formula for photosynthesis. Be sure to show how many molecules of each reactant and product are used or produced. 7. In question #6, whic ...
Major Trends in Biomedical Research
Major Trends in Biomedical Research

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Multi-state modeling of biomolecules

Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behaviour of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states.Biological signaling systems often rely on complexes of biological macromolecules that can undergo several functionally significant modifications that are mutually compatible. Thus, they can exist in a very large number of functionally different states. Modeling such multi-state systems poses two problems: The problem of how to describe and specify a multi-state system (the ""specification problem"") and the problem of how to use a computer to simulate the progress of the system over time (the ""computation problem""). To address the specification problem, modelers have in recent years moved away from explicit specification of all possible states, and towards rule-based formalisms that allow for implicit model specification, including the κ-calculus, BioNetGen, the Allosteric Network Compiler and others. To tackle the computation problem, they have turned to particle-based methods that have in many cases proved more computationally efficient than population-based methods based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, or the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm. Given current computing technology, particle-based methods are sometimes the only possible option. Particle-based simulators further fall into two categories: Non-spatial simulators such as StochSim, DYNSTOC, RuleMonkey, and NFSim and spatial simulators, including Meredys, SRSim and MCell. Modelers can thus choose from a variety of tools; the best choice depending on the particular problem. Development of faster and more powerful methods is ongoing, promising the ability to simulate ever more complex signaling processes in the future.
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