Fast Mimicking of Phase 1 and 2 Metabolism of Acetaminophen
... To confirm the presence of the conjugation product of acetaminophen reactive metabolite (NAPQI) and GSH, mass spectra were acquired with the ReactorCell off and at Ec = 800 mV, when phase II instrumental set up was used. Figure 7 shows the spectra with the ReactorCell off (Fig. 7A) and on at 800 mV ...
... To confirm the presence of the conjugation product of acetaminophen reactive metabolite (NAPQI) and GSH, mass spectra were acquired with the ReactorCell off and at Ec = 800 mV, when phase II instrumental set up was used. Figure 7 shows the spectra with the ReactorCell off (Fig. 7A) and on at 800 mV ...
08_LectureOutline_LOBLANK
... The bonds of the reactants break only when the molecules have __________ enough energy to become __________ and, therefore, more reactive. The absorption of thermal energy increases the __________of the reactant molecules, so they collide more often and more forcefully. Thermal agitation of the atom ...
... The bonds of the reactants break only when the molecules have __________ enough energy to become __________ and, therefore, more reactive. The absorption of thermal energy increases the __________of the reactant molecules, so they collide more often and more forcefully. Thermal agitation of the atom ...
Citric acid Cycle Remake - Study in Universal Science College
... This pathway is utilized for the both catabolic reactions to generate energy as well as for anabolic reactions to generate metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis. If the CAC intermediate are used for synthetic reactions, they are replenished by anaplerotic reactions in the cells (indicated by red ...
... This pathway is utilized for the both catabolic reactions to generate energy as well as for anabolic reactions to generate metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis. If the CAC intermediate are used for synthetic reactions, they are replenished by anaplerotic reactions in the cells (indicated by red ...
cytology_enzyme_13
... concentration (pH) The rate of reaction is affected by substrate and enzyme concentration Enzyme itself is not used up in the reaction it catalyzes so it can be used over again and again ...
... concentration (pH) The rate of reaction is affected by substrate and enzyme concentration Enzyme itself is not used up in the reaction it catalyzes so it can be used over again and again ...
Accurate and Comprehensive Mapping of Multi-omic Data
... Pathway analysis provides a useful biological context for differentially expressed entities resulting from the analysis of high-throughput data in any ‘omics’ (for example genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or metabolomics) experiment. Pathways overrepresented or enriched in the entities of inte ...
... Pathway analysis provides a useful biological context for differentially expressed entities resulting from the analysis of high-throughput data in any ‘omics’ (for example genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or metabolomics) experiment. Pathways overrepresented or enriched in the entities of inte ...
peptides - WordPress.com
... for citric acid cycle activity). In uncontrolled diabetes, the ketosis may be severe enough to result in pronounced acidosis (ketoacidosis) since acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate are relatively strong acids. Coma results from both the acidosis and also the considerably increased osmolality of extr ...
... for citric acid cycle activity). In uncontrolled diabetes, the ketosis may be severe enough to result in pronounced acidosis (ketoacidosis) since acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate are relatively strong acids. Coma results from both the acidosis and also the considerably increased osmolality of extr ...
ch. 8 An Introduction to Metabolism
... Active site holds 2 or more reactants in the proper position to react Induced fit may distort chemical bonds so less thermal energy is needed to break them Active site may provide micro-environment that aids a reaction (localized pH) Side chains of amino acids in active site may participate in react ...
... Active site holds 2 or more reactants in the proper position to react Induced fit may distort chemical bonds so less thermal energy is needed to break them Active site may provide micro-environment that aids a reaction (localized pH) Side chains of amino acids in active site may participate in react ...
Enzyme lecture
... Active site holds 2 or more reactants in the proper position to react Induced fit may distort chemical bonds so less thermal energy is needed to break them Active site may provide micro-environment that aids a reaction (localized pH) Side chains of amino acids in active site may participate in react ...
... Active site holds 2 or more reactants in the proper position to react Induced fit may distort chemical bonds so less thermal energy is needed to break them Active site may provide micro-environment that aids a reaction (localized pH) Side chains of amino acids in active site may participate in react ...
Rxn Types
... Types of Chemical Reactions • The five types of chemical reactions in this unit are: Synthesis (S) Decomposition (D) Single Displacement (SD) Double Displacement (DD) Combustion (C) ...
... Types of Chemical Reactions • The five types of chemical reactions in this unit are: Synthesis (S) Decomposition (D) Single Displacement (SD) Double Displacement (DD) Combustion (C) ...
-1 Respiration and Fermentation Respiration is the process of
... Oxygen or some other electron acceptor is not available, the next two steps in respiration cannot occur. Under these conditions, some organisms can regenerate oxidized NAD+ in fermentation reactions. In fermentation, the ultimate electron acceptor (oxidizer) is not oxygen, but part of the original m ...
... Oxygen or some other electron acceptor is not available, the next two steps in respiration cannot occur. Under these conditions, some organisms can regenerate oxidized NAD+ in fermentation reactions. In fermentation, the ultimate electron acceptor (oxidizer) is not oxygen, but part of the original m ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... Chemiosmosis Play Important Roles in Biological Energy Metabolism • 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy • 6.3 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen Releases a Small Amount of Energy ...
... Chemiosmosis Play Important Roles in Biological Energy Metabolism • 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy • 6.3 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen Releases a Small Amount of Energy ...
METABOLIC SYNDROME
... appears to vary widely; this is in part because different researchers have used different definitions of the disease when examining for its presence in children and adolescents. It has been reported to be as low as 2% to as high as 60%. There does not seem to be any gender difference in the incidenc ...
... appears to vary widely; this is in part because different researchers have used different definitions of the disease when examining for its presence in children and adolescents. It has been reported to be as low as 2% to as high as 60%. There does not seem to be any gender difference in the incidenc ...
Lecture 33 Carbohydrates1
... cells. The Cori Cycle costs four high energy phosphate bonds, however, the benefit to the organism is that glycogen stores in the muscle can be quickly replenished following prolonged exercise. The reason athletes should "warm down" after exercise (same movement but under aerobic conditions) is to e ...
... cells. The Cori Cycle costs four high energy phosphate bonds, however, the benefit to the organism is that glycogen stores in the muscle can be quickly replenished following prolonged exercise. The reason athletes should "warm down" after exercise (same movement but under aerobic conditions) is to e ...
UNIT 3 – CELLULAR ENERGETICS Chapter 9
... Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. Identify where substrate-leve ...
... Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic cell where each stage occurs. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. Identify where substrate-leve ...
Enzymes
... •Enzymes work by the Key Lock Model (1890) •Each enzyme binds to a single type of substrate > both have complementary structure •substrate overall shape and charge distribution allow it to enter and interact with the enzymes active site. E + S > ES > E+ P ...
... •Enzymes work by the Key Lock Model (1890) •Each enzyme binds to a single type of substrate > both have complementary structure •substrate overall shape and charge distribution allow it to enter and interact with the enzymes active site. E + S > ES > E+ P ...
File
... , will not function without cofactors, such as vitamins or trace elements. In the four graphs below, the rate of reaction or degree of enzyme activity is plotted against each of four factors that affect enzyme performance. Answer the questions relating to each graph: ...
... , will not function without cofactors, such as vitamins or trace elements. In the four graphs below, the rate of reaction or degree of enzyme activity is plotted against each of four factors that affect enzyme performance. Answer the questions relating to each graph: ...
Chapters 10 and 11 Enzymes Enzymes are specialized proteins that
... catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to restore the nerve cells to their resting position. When inhibited, the nerve cell can not reset, and you become paralyzed. Another example is penicillin. Penicillin is an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme glycoprotein peptidase, wh ...
... catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to restore the nerve cells to their resting position. When inhibited, the nerve cell can not reset, and you become paralyzed. Another example is penicillin. Penicillin is an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme glycoprotein peptidase, wh ...
Chapter05, 06 代谢引论糖代谢
... Phosphoryl group from C-3 to C-2 Rationale for this enzyme - repositions the phosphate to make PEP Note the phospho-histidine intermediates! Zelda Rose showed that a bit of 2,3-BPG is required to phosphorylate His Rx 9: Enolase 2-P-Gly to PEP How can such a reaction create a PEP? "Energy content" of ...
... Phosphoryl group from C-3 to C-2 Rationale for this enzyme - repositions the phosphate to make PEP Note the phospho-histidine intermediates! Zelda Rose showed that a bit of 2,3-BPG is required to phosphorylate His Rx 9: Enolase 2-P-Gly to PEP How can such a reaction create a PEP? "Energy content" of ...
unit 3 – cellular energy processes
... Unit Objectives At the conclusion of this unit, you should be able to: 1. Distinguish between endergonic/exergonic reactions, anabolic/catabolic pathways, and kinetic/potential energy. 2. Describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 3. Describe the function and structure of ATP. 4. Describe ...
... Unit Objectives At the conclusion of this unit, you should be able to: 1. Distinguish between endergonic/exergonic reactions, anabolic/catabolic pathways, and kinetic/potential energy. 2. Describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 3. Describe the function and structure of ATP. 4. Describe ...
The Citric acid cycle
... It is called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic and is the “hub” of the metabolic system. It accounts for the majority of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. It also accounts for a majority of the generation of these compounds and others as well. Amphibolic - acts both catabolically ...
... It is called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic and is the “hub” of the metabolic system. It accounts for the majority of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. It also accounts for a majority of the generation of these compounds and others as well. Amphibolic - acts both catabolically ...
Examining Escherichia coli glycolytic pathways, catabolite
... C-labeling incorporation in key metabolites was examined. The WT demonstrated very fast metabolite turnover, such that most metabolites’ labeling reached isotopic steady state in 15 s (Fig. 4a and Additional file 2: Fig. S2). This observation is consistent with the rapid EMPP turnover rates previous ...
... C-labeling incorporation in key metabolites was examined. The WT demonstrated very fast metabolite turnover, such that most metabolites’ labeling reached isotopic steady state in 15 s (Fig. 4a and Additional file 2: Fig. S2). This observation is consistent with the rapid EMPP turnover rates previous ...
Metabolic network modelling
Metabolic network reconstruction and simulation allows for an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism. In particular, these models correlate the genome with molecular physiology. A reconstruction breaks down metabolic pathways (such as glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle) into their respective reactions and enzymes, and analyzes them within the perspective of the entire network. In simplified terms, a reconstruction collects all of the relevant metabolic information of an organism and compiles it in a mathematical model. Validation and analysis of reconstructions can allow identification of key features of metabolism such as growth yield, resource distribution, network robustness, and gene essentiality. This knowledge can then be applied to create novel biotechnology.In general, the process to build a reconstruction is as follows: Draft a reconstruction Refine the model Convert model into a mathematical/computational representation Evaluate and debug model through experimentation↑