mammalian hibernation: biochemical adaptation
... mammals arise from two main effects of cold on metabolic systems that have been optimized over millions of years of mammalian evolution for function within a narrow temperature window. The first is the differential effect of temperature change on the rates of thousands of cellular reactions that can ...
... mammals arise from two main effects of cold on metabolic systems that have been optimized over millions of years of mammalian evolution for function within a narrow temperature window. The first is the differential effect of temperature change on the rates of thousands of cellular reactions that can ...
Characterizing the complexity of enzymes on the basis of their
... giving a total molecular mass of 540 kDa). Although the mechanisms of several hundred enzymes have been fully characterized experimentally and are well understood, they represent only a small fraction of the total number of enzymes found in nature. All characterized enzymes have an Enzyme Commissi ...
... giving a total molecular mass of 540 kDa). Although the mechanisms of several hundred enzymes have been fully characterized experimentally and are well understood, they represent only a small fraction of the total number of enzymes found in nature. All characterized enzymes have an Enzyme Commissi ...
12918_2009_420_moesm5_esm - Springer Static Content Server
... A theoretical biomass reaction is generally accepted as a suitable objective function for predicting behavior in many growth conditions. This reaction necessitates the specification of all molar constituents of a "mole" of biomass, defined to be 1 g dry cell weight, along with an ATP maintenance cos ...
... A theoretical biomass reaction is generally accepted as a suitable objective function for predicting behavior in many growth conditions. This reaction necessitates the specification of all molar constituents of a "mole" of biomass, defined to be 1 g dry cell weight, along with an ATP maintenance cos ...
WheatNet: A genome-scale functional network for hexaploid bread
... relationships are not yet available. Therefore, we computationally partitioned “gene groups” mimicking homeologous genes by clustering 99,386 wheat genes, resulting in 20,248 gene groups comprising 63,401 genes, and 35,985 individual genes. WheatNet was thus constructed using 56,233 nodes; the final ...
... relationships are not yet available. Therefore, we computationally partitioned “gene groups” mimicking homeologous genes by clustering 99,386 wheat genes, resulting in 20,248 gene groups comprising 63,401 genes, and 35,985 individual genes. WheatNet was thus constructed using 56,233 nodes; the final ...
The common northern periwinkle, Littorina littorea
... tension is exceeded and further attempts at compensation are abandoned in favour of the initiation of conservation strategies. In this phase of severe hypoxia or anoxia, the rates of ATP production and ATP utilization are strongly suppressed and net metabolic rate drops to below 10% of the correspon ...
... tension is exceeded and further attempts at compensation are abandoned in favour of the initiation of conservation strategies. In this phase of severe hypoxia or anoxia, the rates of ATP production and ATP utilization are strongly suppressed and net metabolic rate drops to below 10% of the correspon ...
Short-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Synthesis in
... 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-carbon position with various side groups have been found to be incorporated into PHAs [55]. Since PHAs exhibit biodegradable/biocompatible plastic and elastomeric properties, depending on the monomer constituents, their commercial applications have been extensively studied. Accordin ...
... 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-carbon position with various side groups have been found to be incorporated into PHAs [55]. Since PHAs exhibit biodegradable/biocompatible plastic and elastomeric properties, depending on the monomer constituents, their commercial applications have been extensively studied. Accordin ...
Bioenergetics Objectives Objectives
... • Describe how metabolic pathways are regulated • Discuss the interaction of anaerobic & aerobic ATP production during exercise • Identify the rate limiting enzymes ...
... • Describe how metabolic pathways are regulated • Discuss the interaction of anaerobic & aerobic ATP production during exercise • Identify the rate limiting enzymes ...
(2002) assessed amino acid turnover in a culture media and
... 2- Abstract Since the advent of IVF in 1978, many novel techniques have arisen in Assisted Human Reproduction (AR). Every year thousands of people seek treatment, with success rates ranging from 35 % to 40 %. The way of assessing an embryo for intrauterine transfer is still carried out by means of m ...
... 2- Abstract Since the advent of IVF in 1978, many novel techniques have arisen in Assisted Human Reproduction (AR). Every year thousands of people seek treatment, with success rates ranging from 35 % to 40 %. The way of assessing an embryo for intrauterine transfer is still carried out by means of m ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... activation in humans. Stimulation of the human visual cortex was performed experimentally by presenting a visual stimulus in the form of a reversing annular checkerboard (i), and CBF, CMRO2, and CMRglu were determined by PET (ii) (see Box 12.1). When compared with viewing a blank screen, visual stim ...
... activation in humans. Stimulation of the human visual cortex was performed experimentally by presenting a visual stimulus in the form of a reversing annular checkerboard (i), and CBF, CMRO2, and CMRglu were determined by PET (ii) (see Box 12.1). When compared with viewing a blank screen, visual stim ...
Title goes here
... incorrect predictions about observations, or preferably, we can take a probabilistic approach and decrease appropriately the probability of these hypotheses. ...
... incorrect predictions about observations, or preferably, we can take a probabilistic approach and decrease appropriately the probability of these hypotheses. ...
Label-free and redox proteomic analyses of the
... from growth to lipid-accumulating stages. Furthermore, during the transition from cell growth to lipid accumulation, the cellular redox state needs to switch from an oxidative catabolism, consuming NADH to gain energy, to a reducing anabolism using NADPH to produce fatty acids. Oxidative modificatio ...
... from growth to lipid-accumulating stages. Furthermore, during the transition from cell growth to lipid accumulation, the cellular redox state needs to switch from an oxidative catabolism, consuming NADH to gain energy, to a reducing anabolism using NADPH to produce fatty acids. Oxidative modificatio ...
Contrast Media and Contrast Reactions
... • Hx of kidney dz • Family hx of kidney failure • IDDM for 2 years • NIDDM for 5 years • Paraproteinemia • Collagen vascular dz • Medications: NSAIDs,aminoglycosides ...
... • Hx of kidney dz • Family hx of kidney failure • IDDM for 2 years • NIDDM for 5 years • Paraproteinemia • Collagen vascular dz • Medications: NSAIDs,aminoglycosides ...
Metabolism & Enzymes
... where does that energy come from? _________________exergonic reactions ...
... where does that energy come from? _________________exergonic reactions ...
Allosteric enzymes
... When bound tightly to the enzyme, the coenzyme is called a prosthetic group. The enzyme portion (apoenzyme), with its respective coenzyme, forms a complete and active system, a holoenzyme. Cofactors are generally stable to heat while some enzymes Lose activity on heat . When the cofactor is removed, ...
... When bound tightly to the enzyme, the coenzyme is called a prosthetic group. The enzyme portion (apoenzyme), with its respective coenzyme, forms a complete and active system, a holoenzyme. Cofactors are generally stable to heat while some enzymes Lose activity on heat . When the cofactor is removed, ...
Lecture 28 - Citrate Cycle
... and 1 mole of GTP during each turn of the cycle. • The citrate cycle is a "metabolic engine" in which all eight of the cycle intermediates are continually replenished to maintain a smooth-running energy conversion process. The fuel for this metabolic engine is acetylCoA, the exhaust is two molecules ...
... and 1 mole of GTP during each turn of the cycle. • The citrate cycle is a "metabolic engine" in which all eight of the cycle intermediates are continually replenished to maintain a smooth-running energy conversion process. The fuel for this metabolic engine is acetylCoA, the exhaust is two molecules ...
Calculation of Biochemical Net Reactions and Pathways by Using
... The section on the mathematics of pathways describes three levels of thermodynamic treatment. The previous section was at Level 2, and in this section Level 3 is used. The advantage of using Level 3 is that the number of reactants is reduced. In this case ATP, ADP, Pi, NADox , and NADred, are remove ...
... The section on the mathematics of pathways describes three levels of thermodynamic treatment. The previous section was at Level 2, and in this section Level 3 is used. The advantage of using Level 3 is that the number of reactants is reduced. In this case ATP, ADP, Pi, NADox , and NADred, are remove ...
ENZYME ACTIVITY
... two polypeptides (either identical or different) is involved in the formation of an enzyme’s active site. Several factors can influence enzyme activity. Some of these factors are hydrogen ion concentration (pH), the concentration of various metal or other cations, and temperature. These factors infl ...
... two polypeptides (either identical or different) is involved in the formation of an enzyme’s active site. Several factors can influence enzyme activity. Some of these factors are hydrogen ion concentration (pH), the concentration of various metal or other cations, and temperature. These factors infl ...
A GO annotation is
... of concepts within a domain, and the relationships among those concepts. It can be used to reason about the entities within that domain and may be used to describe the domain. A Controlled vocabularies provide a way to organize knowledge for subsequent retrieval but does not allow reasoning about th ...
... of concepts within a domain, and the relationships among those concepts. It can be used to reason about the entities within that domain and may be used to describe the domain. A Controlled vocabularies provide a way to organize knowledge for subsequent retrieval but does not allow reasoning about th ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... f. Release of throxine and triiodithyronine-cleaved from the thyroglobulin and then released into the blood g. Daily rate of secretion; 93% is normally thyroxine and 7% triiodothyronine. However, about ½ of the thyroxine is slowly deiodinated to form the T3 so the tissues get mainly T3 ...
... f. Release of throxine and triiodithyronine-cleaved from the thyroglobulin and then released into the blood g. Daily rate of secretion; 93% is normally thyroxine and 7% triiodothyronine. However, about ½ of the thyroxine is slowly deiodinated to form the T3 so the tissues get mainly T3 ...
Metabolic Syndrome - Wild Iris Medical Education
... medical student, extracted from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas a compound that they named insulin. When injected into diabetic dogs, this compound decreased the level of sugar in the dogs’ blood and reduced the amount of sugar in the dogs’ urine. Before the discovery and purification of in ...
... medical student, extracted from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas a compound that they named insulin. When injected into diabetic dogs, this compound decreased the level of sugar in the dogs’ blood and reduced the amount of sugar in the dogs’ urine. Before the discovery and purification of in ...
Inborn errors of the Krebs cycle: a group of unusual mitochondrial
... sets of enzymes w10x. Accordingly, the TCAC enzymes are consistently found in balanced proportions in different tissues w11x, suggesting a concerted expression of the genes coding for TCAC enzymes. The semi-fluid state of the matrix also favours a kinetic compartmentation of soluble oxidation cofact ...
... sets of enzymes w10x. Accordingly, the TCAC enzymes are consistently found in balanced proportions in different tissues w11x, suggesting a concerted expression of the genes coding for TCAC enzymes. The semi-fluid state of the matrix also favours a kinetic compartmentation of soluble oxidation cofact ...
Metabolic network modelling
Metabolic network reconstruction and simulation allows for an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism. In particular, these models correlate the genome with molecular physiology. A reconstruction breaks down metabolic pathways (such as glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle) into their respective reactions and enzymes, and analyzes them within the perspective of the entire network. In simplified terms, a reconstruction collects all of the relevant metabolic information of an organism and compiles it in a mathematical model. Validation and analysis of reconstructions can allow identification of key features of metabolism such as growth yield, resource distribution, network robustness, and gene essentiality. This knowledge can then be applied to create novel biotechnology.In general, the process to build a reconstruction is as follows: Draft a reconstruction Refine the model Convert model into a mathematical/computational representation Evaluate and debug model through experimentation↑