Glycolysis - Rose
... cells using anaerobic glycolysis grow faster than cells using the more energy efficient, but much slower, oxidation of pyruvate. The fact that some microorganisms perform primarily anaerobic glycolysis under some conditions is also of benefit to humans: the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide f ...
... cells using anaerobic glycolysis grow faster than cells using the more energy efficient, but much slower, oxidation of pyruvate. The fact that some microorganisms perform primarily anaerobic glycolysis under some conditions is also of benefit to humans: the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide f ...
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
... temperatures and pressures as operating conditions in the former. Before proceeding further with understanding enzymes and their functions, it is important to learn about the nomenclature associated with enzymatic processes. Following is the common list of terms and their definitions that are used i ...
... temperatures and pressures as operating conditions in the former. Before proceeding further with understanding enzymes and their functions, it is important to learn about the nomenclature associated with enzymatic processes. Following is the common list of terms and their definitions that are used i ...
enzyme structure
... received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cellfree fermentation". Following Buchner's example, enzymes are usually named according to the reaction they carry out. Typically, to generate the name of an enzyme, the suffix -ase is added to the name of its ...
... received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cellfree fermentation". Following Buchner's example, enzymes are usually named according to the reaction they carry out. Typically, to generate the name of an enzyme, the suffix -ase is added to the name of its ...
Enzymes upload
... More boring enzyme facts! They are reusable! When they break we can break them down and build new enzymes Can build hard bonds, strengthen existing ones, speed up reactions, make things more powerful There is a Daft Punk reference in that I’m not going to subject you too. ...
... More boring enzyme facts! They are reusable! When they break we can break them down and build new enzymes Can build hard bonds, strengthen existing ones, speed up reactions, make things more powerful There is a Daft Punk reference in that I’m not going to subject you too. ...
Enzymes - Food Science & Human Nutrition
... ◦ They can have a dramatic impact on the quality deterioration of many foods ◦ They can be used to perform positive reactions in food and beverage processing (also textile, leather and pharmaceutical industry) Have specific ability to convert a particular substance into a particular product Very ...
... ◦ They can have a dramatic impact on the quality deterioration of many foods ◦ They can be used to perform positive reactions in food and beverage processing (also textile, leather and pharmaceutical industry) Have specific ability to convert a particular substance into a particular product Very ...
Condon, Nicole.
... Sullivan and Somero 1980, Zammit et al. 1978). Treberg et al. (2003) is the only study, thus far, to make a direct comparison between species of shallow and deep-living ...
... Sullivan and Somero 1980, Zammit et al. 1978). Treberg et al. (2003) is the only study, thus far, to make a direct comparison between species of shallow and deep-living ...
Mitsunobu Reaction
... hydrogen by DEAD. This constitutes a simultaneous redox reaction, in which TPP is oxidized to an oxide while DEAD is reduced to a hydrazinedicarboxylate. Accordingly, one cannot avoid these byproducts, phosphine oxide and hydrazinecarboxylate, which are generated under the reaction conditions. Moreo ...
... hydrogen by DEAD. This constitutes a simultaneous redox reaction, in which TPP is oxidized to an oxide while DEAD is reduced to a hydrazinedicarboxylate. Accordingly, one cannot avoid these byproducts, phosphine oxide and hydrazinecarboxylate, which are generated under the reaction conditions. Moreo ...
Solutions to 7.012 Problem Set 2
... of Km is proportional to the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme and is thus of significant physiological relevance. c) The above graph only describes a specific enzymatic reaction at a single given concentration of the enzyme. Qualitatively, what would one expect to happen to Vmax if the amoun ...
... of Km is proportional to the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme and is thus of significant physiological relevance. c) The above graph only describes a specific enzymatic reaction at a single given concentration of the enzyme. Qualitatively, what would one expect to happen to Vmax if the amoun ...
From waste products to ecochemicals: Fifty years research of plant
... turnover or degradation of secondary metabolites (Mothes, 1960). At that time it was also demonstrated that, for instance, alkaloids may be synthesized in the roots (e.g., nicotine in tobacco and hyoscyamine in Datura, Atropa and Hyoscyamus) or in the shoots (e.g., quinolizidine alkaloids in lupines ...
... turnover or degradation of secondary metabolites (Mothes, 1960). At that time it was also demonstrated that, for instance, alkaloids may be synthesized in the roots (e.g., nicotine in tobacco and hyoscyamine in Datura, Atropa and Hyoscyamus) or in the shoots (e.g., quinolizidine alkaloids in lupines ...
Energy and cellular metabolism
... the internal environment, a cell is like a ghost town filled with buildings that are slowly crumbling into ruin. Cells need energy to import raw materials, make new molecules, and repair or recycle aging parts. The ability of cells to extract energy from the external environment and use that energy ...
... the internal environment, a cell is like a ghost town filled with buildings that are slowly crumbling into ruin. Cells need energy to import raw materials, make new molecules, and repair or recycle aging parts. The ability of cells to extract energy from the external environment and use that energy ...
Metabolic Interactions of aPurple Sulfur Bacterium and a Facultative
... Sippewisset Salt Marsh, Cape Cod, MA. The sediment was dark pink and is known to be enriched for PSB. A small inoculum (—1 g) was initially enriched in CR medium (see Appendix A). After nine days of growth, 0.5 mL of the enric hment was diluted in shake tubes with CR medium in 1% agar (deep agar dil ...
... Sippewisset Salt Marsh, Cape Cod, MA. The sediment was dark pink and is known to be enriched for PSB. A small inoculum (—1 g) was initially enriched in CR medium (see Appendix A). After nine days of growth, 0.5 mL of the enric hment was diluted in shake tubes with CR medium in 1% agar (deep agar dil ...
1495/Chapter 03
... as shelf-like cristae and contains the matrix, an enzyme-rich fluid. The cristae and the matrix are the sites where ATP synthesis occurs. More mitochondria are found in cells that require more energy, such as muscle and liver cells. The two mitochondrial membranes have important differences in their ...
... as shelf-like cristae and contains the matrix, an enzyme-rich fluid. The cristae and the matrix are the sites where ATP synthesis occurs. More mitochondria are found in cells that require more energy, such as muscle and liver cells. The two mitochondrial membranes have important differences in their ...
Enzymes
... or more subunits. When one substrate molecule binds to an active site, this stabilized the active form of the enzyme. Substrate can now more easily bind to the remaining open active sites on the other subunits. This method of stabilization by substrate binding is called COOPERATIVITY. ...
... or more subunits. When one substrate molecule binds to an active site, this stabilized the active form of the enzyme. Substrate can now more easily bind to the remaining open active sites on the other subunits. This method of stabilization by substrate binding is called COOPERATIVITY. ...
Systems Biology Investigation to Discover Metabolic Biomarkers of
... Unfortunately, ALT and AST are often considered as liver functional biomarkers; these enzymes are not actually related to liver function and therefore cannot be used to assess liver function or predict liver recovery. Bilirubin is a functional marker of the liver but generally does not increase unti ...
... Unfortunately, ALT and AST are often considered as liver functional biomarkers; these enzymes are not actually related to liver function and therefore cannot be used to assess liver function or predict liver recovery. Bilirubin is a functional marker of the liver but generally does not increase unti ...
Metabolic Engineering for Stress Tolerance: Installing
... investigation in yeast concluded that polyols may have a dual function in stress protection, both by facilitating osmotic adjustment and by supporting redox control (Shen et al., 1999). By over-expressing apple cDNA for sorbitol 6phosphate dehydrogenase, sorbitol-accumulating transgenic tobacco plan ...
... investigation in yeast concluded that polyols may have a dual function in stress protection, both by facilitating osmotic adjustment and by supporting redox control (Shen et al., 1999). By over-expressing apple cDNA for sorbitol 6phosphate dehydrogenase, sorbitol-accumulating transgenic tobacco plan ...
Lewis 1..13 - Gerszten Lab
... reflect rapid up-regulation of several metabolic pathways responsible for skeletal muscle substrate utilization (Fig. 2, top panel). The metabolite profiling platform captured previously reported increases in plasma concentrations of glycolysis products (lactate and pyruvate), lipolysis products (gl ...
... reflect rapid up-regulation of several metabolic pathways responsible for skeletal muscle substrate utilization (Fig. 2, top panel). The metabolite profiling platform captured previously reported increases in plasma concentrations of glycolysis products (lactate and pyruvate), lipolysis products (gl ...
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
... the ions that each contains. We then correlate these charged ionic species with the ones shown in the diagram. Solve: The diagram shows twice as many cations as anions, consistent with the formulation K 2SO4. Aqueous Check: Notice that the total net charge in the diagram is zero, as it must be if it ...
... the ions that each contains. We then correlate these charged ionic species with the ones shown in the diagram. Solve: The diagram shows twice as many cations as anions, consistent with the formulation K 2SO4. Aqueous Check: Notice that the total net charge in the diagram is zero, as it must be if it ...
pentose phosphate pathway
... Cell’s Need for ATP, NADPH, and Rib-5-P • Glucose can be a substrate either for glycolysis or for the pentose phosphate pathway • The choice depends on the relative needs of the cell for biosynthesis and for energy from metabolism • ATP can be made if G-6-P is sent to glycolysis • Or, if NADPH or ri ...
... Cell’s Need for ATP, NADPH, and Rib-5-P • Glucose can be a substrate either for glycolysis or for the pentose phosphate pathway • The choice depends on the relative needs of the cell for biosynthesis and for energy from metabolism • ATP can be made if G-6-P is sent to glycolysis • Or, if NADPH or ri ...
Effect of ovarian hormones on mitochondrial enzyme activity in the
... to be, in part, through substrate availability (12). Given that E2 seems to increase lipid availability (19, 31), it is possible that it may have some effect on -HAD activity. Conversely, CS is thought to be a key regulatory enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and thus of oxidative metabolism ( ...
... to be, in part, through substrate availability (12). Given that E2 seems to increase lipid availability (19, 31), it is possible that it may have some effect on -HAD activity. Conversely, CS is thought to be a key regulatory enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and thus of oxidative metabolism ( ...
Slide 1
... Annotations are contributed by many groups More than one annotation term allowed per gene Some genomes are annotated more than others Annotation comes from manual and electronic sources GO can be simplified for certain uses (GO Slim) ...
... Annotations are contributed by many groups More than one annotation term allowed per gene Some genomes are annotated more than others Annotation comes from manual and electronic sources GO can be simplified for certain uses (GO Slim) ...
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
... Net Ionic Equation • To form the net ionic equation, cross out anything that does not change from the left side of the equation to the right. • The only things left in the equation are those things that change (i.e., react) during the course of the reaction. • Those things that didn’t change (and w ...
... Net Ionic Equation • To form the net ionic equation, cross out anything that does not change from the left side of the equation to the right. • The only things left in the equation are those things that change (i.e., react) during the course of the reaction. • Those things that didn’t change (and w ...
Metabolic network modelling
Metabolic network reconstruction and simulation allows for an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism. In particular, these models correlate the genome with molecular physiology. A reconstruction breaks down metabolic pathways (such as glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle) into their respective reactions and enzymes, and analyzes them within the perspective of the entire network. In simplified terms, a reconstruction collects all of the relevant metabolic information of an organism and compiles it in a mathematical model. Validation and analysis of reconstructions can allow identification of key features of metabolism such as growth yield, resource distribution, network robustness, and gene essentiality. This knowledge can then be applied to create novel biotechnology.In general, the process to build a reconstruction is as follows: Draft a reconstruction Refine the model Convert model into a mathematical/computational representation Evaluate and debug model through experimentation↑