Reaction of glycolysis
... tissues, such as actively metabolizing muscle. NAD+ is recycled in the process • In some organisms, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in a process requiring thiamine pyrophosphate as a coenzyme ...
... tissues, such as actively metabolizing muscle. NAD+ is recycled in the process • In some organisms, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in a process requiring thiamine pyrophosphate as a coenzyme ...
Slide 1
... Monitor glucose, potassium and anion gap, vital signs, level of consciousness, volume input/output until recovery is well established Need frequent monitoring of electrolytes (every 1-2 hours) to meet goals of safely replacing deficits and supplying missing insulin Resolving hyperglycemia alone ...
... Monitor glucose, potassium and anion gap, vital signs, level of consciousness, volume input/output until recovery is well established Need frequent monitoring of electrolytes (every 1-2 hours) to meet goals of safely replacing deficits and supplying missing insulin Resolving hyperglycemia alone ...
Slide 1
... • Elevated serum ketones may lead to a wide-anion gap metabolic acidosis • Metabolic acidosis may occur due to vomiting, osmotic diuresis and concomitant diuretic use • Some with DKA may present with normal bicarbonate concentration or alkalemia if other alkalotic processes are severe enough to mask ...
... • Elevated serum ketones may lead to a wide-anion gap metabolic acidosis • Metabolic acidosis may occur due to vomiting, osmotic diuresis and concomitant diuretic use • Some with DKA may present with normal bicarbonate concentration or alkalemia if other alkalotic processes are severe enough to mask ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Gluconeogenesis Lectures
... 2. Corresponding anabolic and catabolic pathways are controlled by one or more reactions unique to each pathway. a. Opposing pathways are regulated in a coordinated, reciprocal manner so that the stimulation of the anabolic pathway is accompanied by the inhibition of the catabolic one and vice versa ...
... 2. Corresponding anabolic and catabolic pathways are controlled by one or more reactions unique to each pathway. a. Opposing pathways are regulated in a coordinated, reciprocal manner so that the stimulation of the anabolic pathway is accompanied by the inhibition of the catabolic one and vice versa ...
Metabolic changes in the glucose-induced apoptotic blastocyst
... Embryo extraction for metabolite assays. At each stage, embryos were washed in BSA-free media for 1 min and then quick frozen on a glass slide by dipping in cold isopentane equilibrated with liquid N2. After freeze-drying overnight in a vacuum at –35oC, the embryos were extracted in nanoliter volume ...
... Embryo extraction for metabolite assays. At each stage, embryos were washed in BSA-free media for 1 min and then quick frozen on a glass slide by dipping in cold isopentane equilibrated with liquid N2. After freeze-drying overnight in a vacuum at –35oC, the embryos were extracted in nanoliter volume ...
1- Glycolysis
... organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, (ATP.) In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent N ...
... organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, (ATP.) In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent N ...
PaCO 2
... The more hemoglobin available to bind the dissolved oxygen molecules, the greater total number of oxygen molecules the blood will contain. PaO2 is not a function of hemoglobin level PaO2 gives us valuable information about adequacy of gas exchange within the lungs, when (and only when) it is subtrac ...
... The more hemoglobin available to bind the dissolved oxygen molecules, the greater total number of oxygen molecules the blood will contain. PaO2 is not a function of hemoglobin level PaO2 gives us valuable information about adequacy of gas exchange within the lungs, when (and only when) it is subtrac ...
Engineering cell factories for producing building block chemicals for
... Synthetic polymers are widely used in daily life. Due to increasing environmental concerns related to global warming and the depletion of oil reserves, the development of microbial-based fermentation processes for the production of polymer building block chemicals from renewable resources is desirab ...
... Synthetic polymers are widely used in daily life. Due to increasing environmental concerns related to global warming and the depletion of oil reserves, the development of microbial-based fermentation processes for the production of polymer building block chemicals from renewable resources is desirab ...
Orphan nuclear receptors: therapeutic opportunities in skeletal muscle
... C203–C217, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00476.2005.—Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that bind DNA and translate physiological signals into gene regulation. The therapeutic utility of NRs is underscored by the diversity of drugs created to manage dysfunctional ...
... C203–C217, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00476.2005.—Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that bind DNA and translate physiological signals into gene regulation. The therapeutic utility of NRs is underscored by the diversity of drugs created to manage dysfunctional ...
ELEMENTARY STEPS IN ENZYME CATALYSIS AND REGULATION
... interactions through conformational changes triggered by ligand binding. These conformational transitions are important processes in the cooperative binding of substrates and effectors to regulatory enzymes. As an example, the mechanism of the regulation of aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichi ...
... interactions through conformational changes triggered by ligand binding. These conformational transitions are important processes in the cooperative binding of substrates and effectors to regulatory enzymes. As an example, the mechanism of the regulation of aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichi ...
Study of the distribution of autotrophic CO2 fixation
... neighbour-joining method with Jukes and Cantor distances. Numbers at the nodes indicate the percentage bootstrap values for the clade of this group in 1000 replications. Only values above 70 % were considered significant. Bar, 0.05 substitutions per site. For accession numbers of the sequences, see ...
... neighbour-joining method with Jukes and Cantor distances. Numbers at the nodes indicate the percentage bootstrap values for the clade of this group in 1000 replications. Only values above 70 % were considered significant. Bar, 0.05 substitutions per site. For accession numbers of the sequences, see ...
Understanding the acetylome: translating targeted
... (AceK), which are involved in the distribution of isocitrate into the TCA cycle and glyoxylate pathways when citrate is in abundance. Immunoprecipitation followed by pan-acetyllysine immunoblotting demonstrated that GapA, AceA, and AceK are hyperacetylated in the ⌬CobB strain, concomitant with incre ...
... (AceK), which are involved in the distribution of isocitrate into the TCA cycle and glyoxylate pathways when citrate is in abundance. Immunoprecipitation followed by pan-acetyllysine immunoblotting demonstrated that GapA, AceA, and AceK are hyperacetylated in the ⌬CobB strain, concomitant with incre ...
Review Evolution of the coordinate regulation of glycolytic enzyme
... Hypoxia is a strong and usually positive regulator of gene expression (D’Angio and Finkelstein, 2000; Prabhakar, 2001; Semenza, 2001). This may be the result of selection pressures operating over millions of years to conserve essential biological functions that were acquired during anaerobic evoluti ...
... Hypoxia is a strong and usually positive regulator of gene expression (D’Angio and Finkelstein, 2000; Prabhakar, 2001; Semenza, 2001). This may be the result of selection pressures operating over millions of years to conserve essential biological functions that were acquired during anaerobic evoluti ...
Mechanistic insights into the regulation of metabolic enzymes by
... active site. Lysine has a positively charged -amino group due to protonation at physiological pH. Acetylation of the -amino group prevents protonation and thus abolishes the positive charge on the lysine side chain. Lysine residues are frequently used by enzymes to bind negatively charged substrat ...
... active site. Lysine has a positively charged -amino group due to protonation at physiological pH. Acetylation of the -amino group prevents protonation and thus abolishes the positive charge on the lysine side chain. Lysine residues are frequently used by enzymes to bind negatively charged substrat ...
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
... children are born with PKU, there are about eight of them that live only hours from here… in the state of Wyoming! I have access to contact any of them when I need to, so, no… I am not alone and YES I am an ordinary young man. One in every fifty people carry the PKU gene. If both parents carry the g ...
... children are born with PKU, there are about eight of them that live only hours from here… in the state of Wyoming! I have access to contact any of them when I need to, so, no… I am not alone and YES I am an ordinary young man. One in every fifty people carry the PKU gene. If both parents carry the g ...
Constitutive expression of RyhB regulates the heme biosynthesis
... and DALRA and no citrate was detected in the fermentation broth of either strain. In E. coli, the transcription of ryhB is activated under iron-limitation conditions, which makes the mRNA of sdhCDAB unstable (Masse & Gottesman, 2002). Artificial overexpression of ryhB probably destabilized the mRNA ...
... and DALRA and no citrate was detected in the fermentation broth of either strain. In E. coli, the transcription of ryhB is activated under iron-limitation conditions, which makes the mRNA of sdhCDAB unstable (Masse & Gottesman, 2002). Artificial overexpression of ryhB probably destabilized the mRNA ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
Is a Diabetes-Linked Amino Acid Signature associated with Beta
... spectra/sec and 1750 V detector voltage. Quantitative data were normalized to the sum intensities of all known metabolites and used for statistical investigation. Genotyping and Quality Control To explore a potential functional mechanism underlying our observation that the 5 AA signature was associa ...
... spectra/sec and 1750 V detector voltage. Quantitative data were normalized to the sum intensities of all known metabolites and used for statistical investigation. Genotyping and Quality Control To explore a potential functional mechanism underlying our observation that the 5 AA signature was associa ...
Document
... Almost all cell types have the ability to synthesize purine and pyrimidine nucleotides from low molecular weight precursors in amounts sufficient for their own needs. The de novo pathways are almost identical in all organisms. ...
... Almost all cell types have the ability to synthesize purine and pyrimidine nucleotides from low molecular weight precursors in amounts sufficient for their own needs. The de novo pathways are almost identical in all organisms. ...
Document
... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
Chapter 10 Enzymes - Angelo State University
... reactions which could occur in a cell actually take place, because of the enzymes which are present. • The cell controls the rates of these reactions and the amount of any given product formed by regulating the action of the enzymes. ...
... reactions which could occur in a cell actually take place, because of the enzymes which are present. • The cell controls the rates of these reactions and the amount of any given product formed by regulating the action of the enzymes. ...
Metabolic network modelling
Metabolic network reconstruction and simulation allows for an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism. In particular, these models correlate the genome with molecular physiology. A reconstruction breaks down metabolic pathways (such as glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle) into their respective reactions and enzymes, and analyzes them within the perspective of the entire network. In simplified terms, a reconstruction collects all of the relevant metabolic information of an organism and compiles it in a mathematical model. Validation and analysis of reconstructions can allow identification of key features of metabolism such as growth yield, resource distribution, network robustness, and gene essentiality. This knowledge can then be applied to create novel biotechnology.In general, the process to build a reconstruction is as follows: Draft a reconstruction Refine the model Convert model into a mathematical/computational representation Evaluate and debug model through experimentation↑