ENZYMES (Basic Concepts and Kinetics) (Chapter 8)
... The Effects of Enzyme Inhibitors 1. Competitive In the presence of a competitive inhibitor, it takes a higher substrate concentration to achieve the same velocities that were reached in its absence. So while Vmax can still be reached if sufficient substrate is available, one-half Vmax requires a h ...
... The Effects of Enzyme Inhibitors 1. Competitive In the presence of a competitive inhibitor, it takes a higher substrate concentration to achieve the same velocities that were reached in its absence. So while Vmax can still be reached if sufficient substrate is available, one-half Vmax requires a h ...
Program Overview
... In every human cell, even in the most sedentary individual, thousands of chemical reactions essential to life take place every second. Many metabolic reactions occur one after the other in a sequence, with the products of one reaction serving as starting materials for the next. These reactions form ...
... In every human cell, even in the most sedentary individual, thousands of chemical reactions essential to life take place every second. Many metabolic reactions occur one after the other in a sequence, with the products of one reaction serving as starting materials for the next. These reactions form ...
Systems Biology: From the Cell to the Brain
... transduction [16], and, metabolic networks of bio-chemical reactions [17-19], that are responsible for breaking down organic compounds to extract energy as well as those which use energy to construct vital components of the cell such as amino acids and nucleic acids. While the glycolytic pathway tha ...
... transduction [16], and, metabolic networks of bio-chemical reactions [17-19], that are responsible for breaking down organic compounds to extract energy as well as those which use energy to construct vital components of the cell such as amino acids and nucleic acids. While the glycolytic pathway tha ...
Inherited Metabolic Disorders
... enzymes, or other substances), which do not belong to the body, and cause acute or slow poisoning ...
... enzymes, or other substances), which do not belong to the body, and cause acute or slow poisoning ...
Detailed Objectives
... Indicate the name of any enzyme catalysts and cofactors for any specific reaction. Know the general reaction type. Understand the general enzyme mechanisms and intermediate structures for those specific reactions discussed in class. Understand the free energy considerations (production and use of AT ...
... Indicate the name of any enzyme catalysts and cofactors for any specific reaction. Know the general reaction type. Understand the general enzyme mechanisms and intermediate structures for those specific reactions discussed in class. Understand the free energy considerations (production and use of AT ...
Section 2.3 - Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy
... fermentation yields 2 molecules of ATP. In contrast, glycolysis operating with pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the respiratory chain yields up to 36. ...
... fermentation yields 2 molecules of ATP. In contrast, glycolysis operating with pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the respiratory chain yields up to 36. ...
Review Guide for Third Exam in Biochemistry 507 (1997)
... the series of steps that occur on the enzyme. 2. Know each intermediate of the citric acid cycle, each cofactor, and the enzyme that catalyzes each step. 3. Be ready to describe the analogy between the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction and the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction at the level of che ...
... the series of steps that occur on the enzyme. 2. Know each intermediate of the citric acid cycle, each cofactor, and the enzyme that catalyzes each step. 3. Be ready to describe the analogy between the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction and the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction at the level of che ...
Option C - IBperiod5
... conformational change Related to this : Remember how allosteric enzymes work. They have both an activator site and a deactivator site. The enzyme oscillates between the active state and inactive state based upon the relative concentration of the activators and inhibitors. C2.3 Explain that enzymes l ...
... conformational change Related to this : Remember how allosteric enzymes work. They have both an activator site and a deactivator site. The enzyme oscillates between the active state and inactive state based upon the relative concentration of the activators and inhibitors. C2.3 Explain that enzymes l ...
Gene-order Comparisons
... value < 10-5 were identified, called a bidirectional best hit (BBH) – Pairs of close BBH (PCBBH) that are within 300 bp of each other on the chromosomes of the respective organisms and that are transcribed from the same strand, i.e., are in a “typical” operon, were then ...
... value < 10-5 were identified, called a bidirectional best hit (BBH) – Pairs of close BBH (PCBBH) that are within 300 bp of each other on the chromosomes of the respective organisms and that are transcribed from the same strand, i.e., are in a “typical” operon, were then ...
Enzymes - Kevan Kruger
... 13.Know how to interpret graphs in this section. Why isn’t the temperature graph symmetrical? 14.Explain the lock and key analogy. 15.Another more recent explanation of enzyme action is the "induced fit" theory. Describe the basics of this theory. 16.What is an active site, and how can it be changed ...
... 13.Know how to interpret graphs in this section. Why isn’t the temperature graph symmetrical? 14.Explain the lock and key analogy. 15.Another more recent explanation of enzyme action is the "induced fit" theory. Describe the basics of this theory. 16.What is an active site, and how can it be changed ...
UNIT 7 Metabolism and generation of ATP
... 4.9 Oxidative phosphorylation is a process where the energy of biological oxidation is ultimately converted to the chemical energy of ATP. Movement of electrons through the electron transport system (ETS) causes protons to be pumped from the mitochondrial matrix of a eukaryotic cell to the intermemb ...
... 4.9 Oxidative phosphorylation is a process where the energy of biological oxidation is ultimately converted to the chemical energy of ATP. Movement of electrons through the electron transport system (ETS) causes protons to be pumped from the mitochondrial matrix of a eukaryotic cell to the intermemb ...
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions
... Rules for balancing: 1) Assemble the correct formulas for all the reactants and products, using “+” and “→” 1) Count the number of atoms of each type appearing on both sides 1) Balance the elements one at a time by adding coefficients (the numbers in front) where you need more - save balancing the ...
... Rules for balancing: 1) Assemble the correct formulas for all the reactants and products, using “+” and “→” 1) Count the number of atoms of each type appearing on both sides 1) Balance the elements one at a time by adding coefficients (the numbers in front) where you need more - save balancing the ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Lectures For UG-5
... • No ATP is directly consumed or produced in the cycle. Carbon one of glucose 6-phosphate is released as CO2, and two NADPH are produced for each glucose 6-phosphate molecule entering the oxidative part of the pathway. • The rate and direction of the reversible reactions of the pentose phosphate pat ...
... • No ATP is directly consumed or produced in the cycle. Carbon one of glucose 6-phosphate is released as CO2, and two NADPH are produced for each glucose 6-phosphate molecule entering the oxidative part of the pathway. • The rate and direction of the reversible reactions of the pentose phosphate pat ...
40animal homeostasis
... • The hypothalamus triggers heat loss or heat generating mechanisms (like adjusting metabolic rates) • Fever is the result of a change to the set point for a biological thermostat due to infection. ...
... • The hypothalamus triggers heat loss or heat generating mechanisms (like adjusting metabolic rates) • Fever is the result of a change to the set point for a biological thermostat due to infection. ...
8.1 Glycolysis Know the overall reaction: the materials that go in
... Either arrows will be given and you will have to add bonds and charges, or Starting and ending structures will be given, and you will have to draw arrows. Understand the roles of the molecules in the active site of the enzymes. Understand why certain molecules would encourage or inhibit glycolysis. ...
... Either arrows will be given and you will have to add bonds and charges, or Starting and ending structures will be given, and you will have to draw arrows. Understand the roles of the molecules in the active site of the enzymes. Understand why certain molecules would encourage or inhibit glycolysis. ...
Abstracts - Keble ASC
... use a list of nodes (a seed list), containing nodes believed to be involved in the process, and a construction rule. While especially in biology there are many different ways to construct such networks, and a good amount of global information is available, by contrast methods to extract subnetworks ...
... use a list of nodes (a seed list), containing nodes believed to be involved in the process, and a construction rule. While especially in biology there are many different ways to construct such networks, and a good amount of global information is available, by contrast methods to extract subnetworks ...
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
... A.They would happen too slowly to support cellular processes B.They would happen too rapidly to support cellular processes C.They would happen at the same rate as they do with enzymes D.They would happen normally, only they use different reactants ...
... A.They would happen too slowly to support cellular processes B.They would happen too rapidly to support cellular processes C.They would happen at the same rate as they do with enzymes D.They would happen normally, only they use different reactants ...
Compartmentalisation of metabolic pathways
... – well-fed state: the liver improves its capacity to synthesize fat – fasting: ↓in quantity of lipogenetic enzymes; enzymes of gluconeogenesis are induced (↑synthesis) ...
... – well-fed state: the liver improves its capacity to synthesize fat – fasting: ↓in quantity of lipogenetic enzymes; enzymes of gluconeogenesis are induced (↑synthesis) ...
Fundamental Concepts in Sociobiology
... pointing to the fact that close relatives share large numbers of genes in common. The theory predicts therefore that you would more likely try to pull a full sibling from a hungry polar bear than a second cousin or mother-in-law. ...
... pointing to the fact that close relatives share large numbers of genes in common. The theory predicts therefore that you would more likely try to pull a full sibling from a hungry polar bear than a second cousin or mother-in-law. ...
Metabolism
... • Cellular respiration is a series of catabolic reactions that provide energy for the production of ATP • This energy is used to generate ATP from phosphorylation of ADP. • It is a series of Redox reactions. ...
... • Cellular respiration is a series of catabolic reactions that provide energy for the production of ATP • This energy is used to generate ATP from phosphorylation of ADP. • It is a series of Redox reactions. ...
Metabolic network modelling
Metabolic network reconstruction and simulation allows for an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism. In particular, these models correlate the genome with molecular physiology. A reconstruction breaks down metabolic pathways (such as glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle) into their respective reactions and enzymes, and analyzes them within the perspective of the entire network. In simplified terms, a reconstruction collects all of the relevant metabolic information of an organism and compiles it in a mathematical model. Validation and analysis of reconstructions can allow identification of key features of metabolism such as growth yield, resource distribution, network robustness, and gene essentiality. This knowledge can then be applied to create novel biotechnology.In general, the process to build a reconstruction is as follows: Draft a reconstruction Refine the model Convert model into a mathematical/computational representation Evaluate and debug model through experimentation↑