Cooling the Earth with Crops
... to represent albedo. For most practical applications, albedo is calculated as the bidirectional reflectance distribution function over a particular range of wavelengths, as opposed to field albedo, which is the value for the entire spectrum of the solar radiation. Changes to surface albedo are some ...
... to represent albedo. For most practical applications, albedo is calculated as the bidirectional reflectance distribution function over a particular range of wavelengths, as opposed to field albedo, which is the value for the entire spectrum of the solar radiation. Changes to surface albedo are some ...
Biogeophysical impacts of land use on present
... effects of historical land cover change may have exerted signi®cant impacts on the climate, with the main effect being a northernhemisphere cooling attributed to increased surface albedo (Brovkin et al., 1999). However, these effects have so far been neglected from higher-resolution GCM simulations ...
... effects of historical land cover change may have exerted signi®cant impacts on the climate, with the main effect being a northernhemisphere cooling attributed to increased surface albedo (Brovkin et al., 1999). However, these effects have so far been neglected from higher-resolution GCM simulations ...
Report in Brief - The National Academies
... for large-scale deployment. Albedo modification strategies could rapidly cool the planet’s surface but pose environmental and other risks that are not well understood and therefore should not be deployed at climate-altering scales; more research is needed to determine if albedo modification approach ...
... for large-scale deployment. Albedo modification strategies could rapidly cool the planet’s surface but pose environmental and other risks that are not well understood and therefore should not be deployed at climate-altering scales; more research is needed to determine if albedo modification approach ...
Peer-reviewed Article PDF
... of completely new and expensive infrastructures and industries on a vast scale. Furthermore, their continued maintenance into the indefinite future would certainly by also expensive, particularly in the case of stratospheric sulphate aerosols and iron fertilization where continual re-application yea ...
... of completely new and expensive infrastructures and industries on a vast scale. Furthermore, their continued maintenance into the indefinite future would certainly by also expensive, particularly in the case of stratospheric sulphate aerosols and iron fertilization where continual re-application yea ...
the Earths radiation budget
... amount of reflected solar radiation, more radiation will be absorbed by the Earth’s surface, ultimately leading to further warming. Changing the Earth’s albedo to combat climate change Several people have proposed ways to artificially ‘engineer’ the climate to combat man-made climate change by incr ...
... amount of reflected solar radiation, more radiation will be absorbed by the Earth’s surface, ultimately leading to further warming. Changing the Earth’s albedo to combat climate change Several people have proposed ways to artificially ‘engineer’ the climate to combat man-made climate change by incr ...
Lecture 25. Snowball Earth vs. Slushball Earth..
... As melting occurs what happens to the albedo? What does this do? Melting would have been catastrophic - sea ice gone in few hundred years. Sea level rises dramatically! As soon as the ice is gone, it gets hot!! ...
... As melting occurs what happens to the albedo? What does this do? Melting would have been catastrophic - sea ice gone in few hundred years. Sea level rises dramatically! As soon as the ice is gone, it gets hot!! ...
Document
... The inner edge of the HZ • The limiting factor for the inner boundary of the HZ must be the ability of the planet to avoid a runaway greenhouse effect. • Theoretical models predict that an Earthlike planet would convert all its ocean into the water vapor ~0.84 AU • However it is likely that a plane ...
... The inner edge of the HZ • The limiting factor for the inner boundary of the HZ must be the ability of the planet to avoid a runaway greenhouse effect. • Theoretical models predict that an Earthlike planet would convert all its ocean into the water vapor ~0.84 AU • However it is likely that a plane ...
Temperature increases
... clouds, with help from sea ice and glacial ice in Antarctica and Greenland, plus snow and deserts (albedo 0.6—0.9). The albedo of the earth’s surface is mostly much lower than 0.33, about .07 for land with vegetation, 0.05-0.1 for the ocean.). Thus the albedo, and the entire energy budget of earth, ...
... clouds, with help from sea ice and glacial ice in Antarctica and Greenland, plus snow and deserts (albedo 0.6—0.9). The albedo of the earth’s surface is mostly much lower than 0.33, about .07 for land with vegetation, 0.05-0.1 for the ocean.). Thus the albedo, and the entire energy budget of earth, ...
Post-fire changes in net shortwave radiation along a latitudinal
... (SSF) associated with fire-induced changes in land cover is controlled by surface albedo changes (Da) and incoming solar radiation (Sin), both of which vary with latitude. Disturbance from fire changes leaf reflectance and also the threedimensional structure of the forest canopy. Early successional ...
... (SSF) associated with fire-induced changes in land cover is controlled by surface albedo changes (Da) and incoming solar radiation (Sin), both of which vary with latitude. Disturbance from fire changes leaf reflectance and also the threedimensional structure of the forest canopy. Early successional ...
Lecture 17: Global Change
... – Temp controlled by balance between incoming solar flux, amount of outgoing IR radiated from Earth, redistribution of radiation before it is reradiated to space (e.g., outgoing IR retained by greenhouse gases) ...
... – Temp controlled by balance between incoming solar flux, amount of outgoing IR radiated from Earth, redistribution of radiation before it is reradiated to space (e.g., outgoing IR retained by greenhouse gases) ...
“Freeze – Fry” Episodes of the Late Precambrian
... Something happened to cause an imbalance in the long-term carbon cycle ...
... Something happened to cause an imbalance in the long-term carbon cycle ...
FINAL EXAM: MONDAY MARCH 17 3-6PM
... Expect warmer ocean water in future.... However, still not sure about future hurricanes since upper level winds may change as well ...
... Expect warmer ocean water in future.... However, still not sure about future hurricanes since upper level winds may change as well ...
UCLA_IOE_Feb2007 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... (2) The feedback’s simulated strength in the seasonal cycle is highly correlated with its strength in climate change. We compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models h ...
... (2) The feedback’s simulated strength in the seasonal cycle is highly correlated with its strength in climate change. We compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models h ...
Sheet 09 : Biodiversity in the Arctic
... reflective ability depends on various factors, including the roughness and colour of the surface. —— Snow and ice have a very high albedo. Ice reflects between 30 and 50% of the sun’s rays and snow between 60 and 90%. The Polar Regions are areas that reflect the majority of light rays back into spac ...
... reflective ability depends on various factors, including the roughness and colour of the surface. —— Snow and ice have a very high albedo. Ice reflects between 30 and 50% of the sun’s rays and snow between 60 and 90%. The Polar Regions are areas that reflect the majority of light rays back into spac ...
Parameterization of Snow Albedo
... mineral dust, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black and organic carbon ...
... mineral dust, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black and organic carbon ...
spread_talk_May2007 - UCLA: Atmospheric and Oceanic
... (2) The feedback’s simulated strength in the seasonal cycle is highly correlated with its strength in climate change. We compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models h ...
... (2) The feedback’s simulated strength in the seasonal cycle is highly correlated with its strength in climate change. We compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models h ...
U_Toronto_Jan2007 - Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... (2) The feedback’s simulated strength in the seasonal cycle is highly correlated with its strength in climate change. We compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models h ...
... (2) The feedback’s simulated strength in the seasonal cycle is highly correlated with its strength in climate change. We compared snow albedo feedback's strength in the real seasonal cycle to simulated values. They mostly fall well outside the range of the observed estimate, suggesting many models h ...
document
... CO2 variations that are, in turn, induced by the physical system? Which components of the physical climate system participate in the glacial dynamics and on what time scales? Are the cycles driven from northeren hemisphere where most of the land ice volume changes occur, or from some other region? W ...
... CO2 variations that are, in turn, induced by the physical system? Which components of the physical climate system participate in the glacial dynamics and on what time scales? Are the cycles driven from northeren hemisphere where most of the land ice volume changes occur, or from some other region? W ...
Conceptual models - University of Bristol
... Cloud feedback: We do not know how cloud cover will change. In our present climate, satellite observations suggest that the net effect of clouds is to cool the climate system, but this does not tell us how they will respond to a particular climate change scenario. Clouds can influence the radiation ...
... Cloud feedback: We do not know how cloud cover will change. In our present climate, satellite observations suggest that the net effect of clouds is to cool the climate system, but this does not tell us how they will respond to a particular climate change scenario. Clouds can influence the radiation ...
et al
... ratio of transmitted surface latent heat to sensible heat flux (Bowen ratio) But heat in atmosphere is distributed and returns to the surface elsewhere, thus there cannot be a global warming from this effect Ban-Weiss et al., Env. Res. Lettr., (2011): Simulated the effects on global climate of i ...
... ratio of transmitted surface latent heat to sensible heat flux (Bowen ratio) But heat in atmosphere is distributed and returns to the surface elsewhere, thus there cannot be a global warming from this effect Ban-Weiss et al., Env. Res. Lettr., (2011): Simulated the effects on global climate of i ...
Overlooked Scientific Issues in Assessing ... Greenhouse Gas Warming. ()r{~/~A:-1 R. A. Pielke
... Landscapechanges also alter the partitioning of turbulent hea fluxes into sensible and latent heat componenls and he movement of water between the earth's surface an the atmosphere. Sensible heat fluxes directly ~'ar the atmosphere, ~'hile latent heat is represented b evaporation from surfaces and t ...
... Landscapechanges also alter the partitioning of turbulent hea fluxes into sensible and latent heat componenls and he movement of water between the earth's surface an the atmosphere. Sensible heat fluxes directly ~'ar the atmosphere, ~'hile latent heat is represented b evaporation from surfaces and t ...
Presentation - IEA Task 38
... Albedo impacts alone are ~ 6 times greater than annual biogeochemical effects from offsetting fossil fuel use Results demonstrate that a thorough evaluation of costs and benefits of bioenergy-related LUC/LCC must include potential impacts on the surface energy and H2O balance to comprehensively ...
... Albedo impacts alone are ~ 6 times greater than annual biogeochemical effects from offsetting fossil fuel use Results demonstrate that a thorough evaluation of costs and benefits of bioenergy-related LUC/LCC must include potential impacts on the surface energy and H2O balance to comprehensively ...
Atmospheric
... of atmosphere’s water vapour, cloud, dust & pollution • Tropopause is an isothermal layer – temperatures remain constant ...
... of atmosphere’s water vapour, cloud, dust & pollution • Tropopause is an isothermal layer – temperatures remain constant ...
The Solar Radiation Budget, and High
... in transient climate change experiments. This spread may be dramatically reduced by exploiting the northern hemisphere springtime warming and simultaneous snow retreat as an analog for anthropogenic climate change. Large intermodel variations in snow albedo feedback's strength in human-induced clima ...
... in transient climate change experiments. This spread may be dramatically reduced by exploiting the northern hemisphere springtime warming and simultaneous snow retreat as an analog for anthropogenic climate change. Large intermodel variations in snow albedo feedback's strength in human-induced clima ...
Albedo
Albedo (/ælˈbiːdoʊ/), or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo ""whiteness"" (or reflected sunlight) in turn from albus ""white"", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface.It is the ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it. Its dimensionless nature lets it be expressed as a percentage and is measured on a scale from zero for no reflection of a perfectly black surface to 1 for perfect reflection of a white surface.Albedo depends on the frequency of the radiation. When quoted unqualified, it usually refers to some appropriate average across the spectrum of visible light. In general, the albedo depends on the directional distribution of incident radiation, except for Lambertian surfaces, which scatter radiation in all directions according to a cosine function and therefore have an albedo that is independent of the incident distribution. In practice, a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) may be required to accurately characterize the scattering properties of a surface, but albedo is very useful as a first approximation.The albedo is an important concept in climatology, astronomy, and calculating reflectivity of surfaces in LEED sustainable-rating systems for buildings. The average overall albedo of Earth, its planetary albedo, is 30 to 35% because of cloud cover, but widely varies locally across the surface because of different geological and environmental features.The term was introduced into optics by Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1760 work Photometria.