Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century
... Fig. 2. Alternative niche concepts. (A) With Allee effects, the population persistence niche ⬎ the establishment niche. (B) With niche destruction, sites with a high initial growth rate are vulnerable to extinction, so lie outside of the population persistence niche, along these axes. In plant ecol ...
... Fig. 2. Alternative niche concepts. (A) With Allee effects, the population persistence niche ⬎ the establishment niche. (B) With niche destruction, sites with a high initial growth rate are vulnerable to extinction, so lie outside of the population persistence niche, along these axes. In plant ecol ...
what do we mean by biodiversity?
... highlight the broad character of the concept: they cover at once all of life units and processes (table 1). Nevertheless, these definitions cannot be used in scientific practice, because by attempting to be comprehensive they end describing vague relationships (variability, variety or interrelatedne ...
... highlight the broad character of the concept: they cover at once all of life units and processes (table 1). Nevertheless, these definitions cannot be used in scientific practice, because by attempting to be comprehensive they end describing vague relationships (variability, variety or interrelatedne ...
The Role of Body Size in Complex Food Webs: A Cold - ePIC
... V. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... V. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Global Biodiversity Outlook 3
... The Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) is a critically endangered species endemic to the island of Bali, Indonesia. It suffered a drastic decline in population and range during the 20th century, due mainly to illegal poaching. In 1990 only around 15 birds were thought to survive in the wild. Cons ...
... The Bali Starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) is a critically endangered species endemic to the island of Bali, Indonesia. It suffered a drastic decline in population and range during the 20th century, due mainly to illegal poaching. In 1990 only around 15 birds were thought to survive in the wild. Cons ...
white rock wind farm pty limited
... numbers have been reduced to such a critical level, or its habitats have been so drastically reduced, that it is in immediate danger of extinction; or, it might already be extinct, but it is not presumed extinct’. V: The coding V ‘Vulnerable’ is defined ‘species that is likely to become endangered u ...
... numbers have been reduced to such a critical level, or its habitats have been so drastically reduced, that it is in immediate danger of extinction; or, it might already be extinct, but it is not presumed extinct’. V: The coding V ‘Vulnerable’ is defined ‘species that is likely to become endangered u ...
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
... ability to accurately identify the relationship between landscape structure and population or community outcomes. Numerous studies show that the spatial extent over which habitat is measured influences the strength of the relationship between habitat and the response of interest (e.g., abundance), a ...
... ability to accurately identify the relationship between landscape structure and population or community outcomes. Numerous studies show that the spatial extent over which habitat is measured influences the strength of the relationship between habitat and the response of interest (e.g., abundance), a ...
Habitat Fragmentation – In Theory
... This study examines the effects of habitat fragmentation on the carabid beetle species richness and abundance in fragmented forest habitats relative to non fragmented forest habitats. Based on previous studies, Davies and Margules hypothesized that carabid beetle species richness would decrease in ...
... This study examines the effects of habitat fragmentation on the carabid beetle species richness and abundance in fragmented forest habitats relative to non fragmented forest habitats. Based on previous studies, Davies and Margules hypothesized that carabid beetle species richness would decrease in ...
The complexity of amphibian population declines
... are occurring at unprecedented rates.1 Some scientists believe that we are observing a major extinction episode mirroring the five mass extinction events that have occurred during the Earth’s history.2 Despite widespread interest in understanding extinctions and the recognition that population decli ...
... are occurring at unprecedented rates.1 Some scientists believe that we are observing a major extinction episode mirroring the five mass extinction events that have occurred during the Earth’s history.2 Despite widespread interest in understanding extinctions and the recognition that population decli ...
7. Annex 2 – Review of Theoretical Community Ecology
... metric towards some desired value – the EcoQO. From a management perspective, such tight linkage between the activity and metric performance is highly advantageous. To demonstrate this approach, consider the choice of a size-based metric as an indicator of the impact of fishing on the “health” of th ...
... metric towards some desired value – the EcoQO. From a management perspective, such tight linkage between the activity and metric performance is highly advantageous. To demonstrate this approach, consider the choice of a size-based metric as an indicator of the impact of fishing on the “health” of th ...
Individual dispersal, landscape connectivity and
... Connectivity is classically considered an emergent property of landscapes encapsulating individuals’ flows across space. However, its operational use requires a precise understanding of why and how organisms disperse. Such movements, and hence landscape connectivity, will obviously vary according to ...
... Connectivity is classically considered an emergent property of landscapes encapsulating individuals’ flows across space. However, its operational use requires a precise understanding of why and how organisms disperse. Such movements, and hence landscape connectivity, will obviously vary according to ...
Oral Presentation Abstracts - Queen`s University Belfast
... ([email protected]), Mus.Vert.Zoology, Uni.California, Berkeley, USA This symposium explores the forefront of research on population dynamics of mammals by considering population density changes explicitly in the framework of the communities and ecoscapes in which they occur. This approach will ...
... ([email protected]), Mus.Vert.Zoology, Uni.California, Berkeley, USA This symposium explores the forefront of research on population dynamics of mammals by considering population density changes explicitly in the framework of the communities and ecoscapes in which they occur. This approach will ...
ppt
... Origins & Maintenance of Diversity Hutchinson (1959, 1961) criticized the very restrictive models that were being used to attempt to “explain” diversity The models (Lotka-Volterra-style) assumed a spatially & temporally homogeneous habitat, populations at equilibrium, a 2-tiered trophic structure, ...
... Origins & Maintenance of Diversity Hutchinson (1959, 1961) criticized the very restrictive models that were being used to attempt to “explain” diversity The models (Lotka-Volterra-style) assumed a spatially & temporally homogeneous habitat, populations at equilibrium, a 2-tiered trophic structure, ...
Docket No. FWS–HQ–ES–2
... threatened based on the best available scientific and commercial information. As defined in section 3 of the ESA, an endangered species is any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range, and a threatened species is any species that is likely to becom ...
... threatened based on the best available scientific and commercial information. As defined in section 3 of the ESA, an endangered species is any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range, and a threatened species is any species that is likely to becom ...
Movement behaviour and mortality in invasive and indigenous
... attachment strength, poorer tolerance of thermal stress and a higher expression of heat shock proteins of the invasive Mytilus galloprovincialis will favour the indigenous species during high hydrodynamic and heat stress (Zardi et al. 2007, authors’ unpubl. data). However, the ecological success of ...
... attachment strength, poorer tolerance of thermal stress and a higher expression of heat shock proteins of the invasive Mytilus galloprovincialis will favour the indigenous species during high hydrodynamic and heat stress (Zardi et al. 2007, authors’ unpubl. data). However, the ecological success of ...
Connections between species diversity and genetic diversity
... Empirical research past and future), and here we focus on potential processes acting in parallel at the two levels that may create such relationships in the absence of direct causal effects of one level of diversity on the other. Genetic diversity is controlled by four processes, mutation, drift, mi ...
... Empirical research past and future), and here we focus on potential processes acting in parallel at the two levels that may create such relationships in the absence of direct causal effects of one level of diversity on the other. Genetic diversity is controlled by four processes, mutation, drift, mi ...
report of the first meeting of the ad hoc technical expert group
... have a negative impact on the target vector and pathogen3 and other non-target species. Such as: New or more vigorous pests, especially those that have adverse effects on human health: (i) the released LM mosquitoes may not function as expected, for example due to gene silencing or undetected failur ...
... have a negative impact on the target vector and pathogen3 and other non-target species. Such as: New or more vigorous pests, especially those that have adverse effects on human health: (i) the released LM mosquitoes may not function as expected, for example due to gene silencing or undetected failur ...
A synthesis of subdisciplines: predator–prey interactions, and
... know of no BEF study showing decreased consumer density because of a sampling effect. However, this is familiar to PPI researchers because a common observation is that as more biological control agents are released, densities of both pest and control agents are reduced (Bess et al. 1961). In our mod ...
... know of no BEF study showing decreased consumer density because of a sampling effect. However, this is familiar to PPI researchers because a common observation is that as more biological control agents are released, densities of both pest and control agents are reduced (Bess et al. 1961). In our mod ...
character release following extinction in a caribbean reef
... of a primary resource, such as food, light, or space; (5) environments before and after character release must not be greatly different, otherwise the morphological change could simply be a phenotypic response to changed environmental conditions; and (6) competition must be demonstrated in the taxa ...
... of a primary resource, such as food, light, or space; (5) environments before and after character release must not be greatly different, otherwise the morphological change could simply be a phenotypic response to changed environmental conditions; and (6) competition must be demonstrated in the taxa ...
Bio-Diversity, Extinction, and Incentives to Save/Exterminate Species
... • Promote recognition of bison as a species of common concern at the North American level by the trilateral committee and Commission for Environmental Cooperation of NAFTA. • Make progress on gaps in knowledge base – genetic, ecological impacts – prior to start of reintroduction efforts; develop soc ...
... • Promote recognition of bison as a species of common concern at the North American level by the trilateral committee and Commission for Environmental Cooperation of NAFTA. • Make progress on gaps in knowledge base – genetic, ecological impacts – prior to start of reintroduction efforts; develop soc ...
Do we have a consistent terminology for species diversity?
... Garland et al. 1992; Martins and Hansen 1997). The Hill indices do not account for either geographic or phylogenetic structure, therefore, when either matter, it would be wise to invoke a different measure of diversity. The one fundamental disagreement that Tuomisto have is whether choice of species ...
... Garland et al. 1992; Martins and Hansen 1997). The Hill indices do not account for either geographic or phylogenetic structure, therefore, when either matter, it would be wise to invoke a different measure of diversity. The one fundamental disagreement that Tuomisto have is whether choice of species ...
Picture - Emanuel A. Fronhofer
... outlines important interactions between these forces and dispersal that can influence species’ range formation. The core of this scheme is identical to the inset in Fig. 1: when colonization and local extinction rates are equal, a stable range is formed. Dispersal affects both of these processes. Co ...
... outlines important interactions between these forces and dispersal that can influence species’ range formation. The core of this scheme is identical to the inset in Fig. 1: when colonization and local extinction rates are equal, a stable range is formed. Dispersal affects both of these processes. Co ...
Biodiversity and Conservation
... 6. When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem become most apparent? A. when scientists begin to study the ecosystem B. when the ecosystem has been destroyed C. when the ecosystem is given economic value D. when the ecosystem provides useful ...
... 6. When does the aesthetic value of an ecosystem become most apparent? A. when scientists begin to study the ecosystem B. when the ecosystem has been destroyed C. when the ecosystem is given economic value D. when the ecosystem provides useful ...
Research paper: Biotic Homogenisation
... However, biotic homogenisation is not a new phenomenon in the earth’s history. Indeed, the palaeontological record is replete with examples of episodic mixing of biotas causing homogenisation when physical barriers to movement are removed. For example, the opening of the transpolar corridor between ...
... However, biotic homogenisation is not a new phenomenon in the earth’s history. Indeed, the palaeontological record is replete with examples of episodic mixing of biotas causing homogenisation when physical barriers to movement are removed. For example, the opening of the transpolar corridor between ...
The coexistence of species - Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
... exhibit differential responses. It is impossible to identify all of the relevant niche axes in a given community or assemblage. Even among those variables that can be identified as important niche axes in certain situations, there are many that are difficult or impossible to measure empirically. Thu ...
... exhibit differential responses. It is impossible to identify all of the relevant niche axes in a given community or assemblage. Even among those variables that can be identified as important niche axes in certain situations, there are many that are difficult or impossible to measure empirically. Thu ...
Genetic Diversity
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.