Download Biodiversity and Conservation

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation
Section 1: Biodiversity
Section 2: Threats to Biodiversity
Section 3: Conserving Biodiversity
Click on a lesson name to select.
5.1 Biodiversity
Objectives:
1. Describe three types of biodiversity.
2. Explain the importance of biodiversity.
3. Summarize the direct and indirect value of
biodiversity.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
What is biodiversity?
1. Biodiversity is the variety of life in an area
that is determined by the number of different
species in that area.
It increases the stability and health of an
ecosystem.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
2. Species diversity,
the number of
different species in
a biological
community,
increases as you
move from the polar
regions to the
equator.
3. Many medicines are derived from plants or
other organisms. Penicillin is derived from
bread mold.
 Scientists continue
to find new extracts
from plants and
other organisms that
help in the treatment
of human diseases.
Madagascar periwinkle
4. Preserving healthy ecosystems is less
expensive than using technological
advances.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Biodiversity
 A healthy biosphere
provides many services
to humans and other
organisms that live
on Earth.
 Green plants provide
oxygen to the atmosphere and remove
carbon dioxide.
 Natural processes provide drinking water
that is safe for human use.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Objectives:
1. Describe the biodiversity crisis.
2. Explain the factors that threaen biodiversity.
3. Describe how the decline of a single
species can affect an entire ecosystem.
1. Four factors that threaten biodiversity are:
overexploitation,
habitat loss,
habitat fragmentation
pollution.
2. Natural resources are all materials and
organisms found in the biosphere, including:
minerals
fossil fuels
nuclear fuels
plants
animals
soil
clean water
clean air
solar energy
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Factors that Threaten Biodiversity
The current high rate of extinction is due to the
activities of a single species—Homo sapiens.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
3. Overexploitation, or excessive use, of species
that have economic value is a factor increasing
the current rate of extinction.
 Examples:
Bison
Passenger pigeons
Ocelot
Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros
Ocelot
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat Loss
 If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native
species might have to relocate or they will die.
Destruction of Habitat
 The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing
of tropical rain forests, has a direct impact on
global biodiversity.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Disruption of Habitat
 The declining
population of
one species
can affect an
entire
ecosystem.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Fragmentation of Habitat
4. Habitat fragmentation is the separation of an
ecosystem into small pieces of land.
Smaller pieces of land support fewer species.
 Fragmentation reduces the opportunities for
individuals in one area to reproduce with individuals
from another area.
 Carving the large ecosystem into small parcels
increases the number of edges—creating edge
effects.
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
5.
Pollution and atmospheric changes threaten
biodiversity and global stability. Carnivores at the
higher trophic levels are affected the most.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Pollution
6.Biological magnification is the
increasing concentration of
toxic substances in
organisms as trophic levels
increase in a food chain or
food web.
 One example is DDT that
threatened the American
Bald Eagle.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
7. Acid precipitation is another pollutant affecting
biodiversity by removing nutrients from the soil and
harming plants and animals.
 Sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with water and
other substances in the air to form sulfuric acid and
nitric acid.
 Acid precipitation removes calcium, potassium, and
other nutrients from the soil, depriving plants of these
nutrients.
Assessing
Water Quality
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Eutrophication
8.Eutrophication occurs when fertilizers, animal
waste, sewage, etc. flow into waterways,
causing extensive algae growth.
 The algae use up the oxygen supply during
their rapid growth and after their deaths
during the decaying process.
 Other organisms in the water suffocate.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Threats to Biodiversity
Introduced Species
9. An introduced species is an nonnative species
brought into a new habitat.
 Lacking predators, they become invasive species.
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Objectives:
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Natural Resources
1. An increase in human
population increases the
need for natural resources.
2. Natural resource
consumption is much higher
in developed countries. As
the standard of living
increases, the rate of natural
resources consumption
increases.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
3.Renewable resources are resources that
are replaced by natural processes faster
than they are consumed. Ex. Solar energy,
agricultural plants and animals, clean water
and clean air. If the demand exceeds the
supply of any resource, the resource might
become depleted.
4.Nonrenewable resources are resources found in
limited amounts or require a long time to replace.
Ex. Fossil fuels and mineral deposits
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
5. Sustainable use means using resources at a
rate in which they can be replaced or recycled
while preserving the long-term environmental
health of the biosphere.
6.Conservation of resources includes reducing
consumption, recycling resources, and
preserving ecosystems.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Protecting Biodiversity
 Currently, about seven percent of the world’s
land is set aside as some type of reserve.
 The United Nations supports a system of
Biosphere Reserves and World Heritage sites.
 The region must have lost at least 70 percent of its
original habitat.
 These hot spots originally covered 15.7 percent of
Earth’s surface, however, only about a tenth of that
habitat remains.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Biodiversity Hotspots
7. Endemic species are species that are only found in
that specific geographic area.
Visualizing
Biodiversity
Hot Spots
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Corridors Between Habitat Fragments
8. Habitat corridors, or passageways, connect
habitat fragments and allow organisms to move
safely from one area to another. A larger piece
of land can sustain a wider variety of species
and a wider variety of genetic variation.
9. Two methods of restoring ecosystems are
bioremediation and biological
augmentation.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Bioremediation
10. Bioremediation
involves the use of
living organisms such
as prokaryotes, fungi, or
plants to detoxify a
polluted area.
11. Biological augmentation is the process of adding
natural predators to a degraded ecosystem.
Aphids are insects that destroy crops. Ladybugs
can be used to control aphid infestation.
jardinage.wordpress.com
Ladybugs help control aphid populations.
Photo courtesy of Nature’s Control
www.sarracenia.com
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Conserving Biodiversity
Restoring Ecosystems
 The larger the
affected area, the
longer it takes for the
biological community
to recover.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Resource Menu
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Formative Test Questions
Chapter Assessment Questions
Standardized Test Practice
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Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Image Bank
Vocabulary
Animation
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
1. Which factor is most responsible for the
lack of plants in polar regions?
A. heavy grazing by herbivores
B. little precipitation
C. no soil for plants to take root
D. not enough sunlight
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
2. What form of pollution is caused by
extensive algae growth in waterways?
A. acid precipitation
B. eutrophication
C. biological magnification
D. edge effects
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
3. Which is not a renewable resource?
A. solar energy
B. fossil fuels
C. agricultural plants
D. clean water
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Formative
Questions
4. Which has indirect economic value?
A. ecosystems that decompose wastes
B. organisms that provide food and shelter
C. plants that contain medicinal substances
D. species that have desirable genetic traits
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Formative
Questions
True or False
5. It is likely that some of the world’s
unidentified species will have economic
value.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.1 Formative
Questions
6. When does the aesthetic value of an
ecosystem become most apparent?
A. when scientists begin to study the ecosystem
B. when the ecosystem has been destroyed
C. when the ecosystem is given economic value
D. when the ecosystem provides useful
services
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
7. Which describes the current rate of
species disappearance?
A. background extinction
B. mass extinction
C. natural extinction
D. progressive extinction
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
8. Where are most extinctions likely to
occur in the near future?
A. deserts
B. grasslands
C. tropical forests
D. temperate forests
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
9. What is the primary factor that has
endangered the North American bison and
the white rhinoceros?
A. habitat loss
B. eutrophication
C. overexploitation
D. nonnative predators
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.2 Formative
Questions
10. What is the number one cause of
species extinction today?
A. habitat loss
B. human predators
C. transported diseases
D. background extermination
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Formative
Questions
11. Which resource is nonrenewable?
A. agricultural plants
B. clean water
C. forest timber
D. mineral deposits
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Formative
Questions
12. For which human activity is
sustainable use not possible?
A. farming
B. logging
C. oil drilling
D. commercial fishing
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
5.3 Formative
Questions
13. Which is an example of bioremediation?
A. replanting trees in an area affected by
acid rain
B. using microorganisms to detoxify an oil spill
C. enacting a law that protects endangered
amphibians
D. introducing natural predators to control
a crop pest
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Assessment
Questions
14. Look at the following
figure. Name the
process that is
occurring with the
increasing
concentration of DDT.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Assessment
Questions
A. pollution
B. extinction
C. biological magnification
D. habitat fragmentation
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Assessment
Questions
15. Use the graph
to determine
the approximate
recovery time
for a volcanic
eruption.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Assessment
Questions
A. 1-10 years
B. 10-100 years
C. 100-1000 years
D. 1000 years or
more
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Assessment
Questions
16. Explain how killer whales adapted to
their environment when their primary
food source began to disappear.
Answer: Killer whales started to prey on
sea otters instead of sea lions
and harbor seals.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
17. Which type of biodiversity increases as you
move geographically from the polar regions
to the equator?
A. ecosystem diversity
B. genetic diversity
C. social diversity
D. species diversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
18. How does genetic diversity increase a species’
chance of survival?
A. It increases the number of organisms that have
useful genes.
B. It increases the ability of a species to adapt to
environmental changes.
C. It produces a variety of species within a
biological community.
D. It randomly distributes members of a species
throughout an ecosystem.
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
19. If a toxic substance enters this food web,
which animals will have the highest
concentration of the toxic substance
in their tissues?
A. fishes
B. killer whales
C. sea otters
D. sea urchins
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
20. What type of substances causes
eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems?
A. acid rain
B. fertilizers
C. PCBs
D. pesticides
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
21. Which factor has the greatest impact on a
country’s rate of natural resource consumption?
A. land area
B. population
C. industrialization
D. availability of
resources
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Standardized Test
Practice
22. Which event has the greatest potential to
cause irreversible damage to biodiversity?
A. oil spill
B. urbanization
C. industrial pollution
D. modern agriculture
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Glencoe Biology Transparencies
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Image Bank
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 1
extinction
biodiversity
genetic diversity
species diversity
ecosystem diversity
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 2
background
extinction
mass extinction
edge effect
biological
magnification
natural resource
eutrophication
overexploitation
introduced species
habitat
fragmentation
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Vocabulary
Section 3
renewable resource
nonrenewable resource
sustainable use
endemic
bioremediation
biological augmentation
Chapter 5
Biodiversity and Conservation
Animation
 Visualizing Biodiversity Hot Spots