Local immunodiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by enzyme-linked immunospot C. Jafari*, M. Ernst
... MTB-specific lymphocytes are selectively compartmentalised in the lungs of patients with minimal active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Patients with smear-negative MTB-culture-confirmed PTB were prospectively recruited. Differential cell counts, immunophenotyping with monoclonal antibodies directed a ...
... MTB-specific lymphocytes are selectively compartmentalised in the lungs of patients with minimal active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Patients with smear-negative MTB-culture-confirmed PTB were prospectively recruited. Differential cell counts, immunophenotyping with monoclonal antibodies directed a ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... environmental microbes that we face from the moment of birth. The immune system also has to be able to tell pathogenic from non-pathogenic organisms, as organs like the gut are colonized rapidly at birth with a commensal microbial flora. Further, the immune system can mediate homeostasis and elimina ...
... environmental microbes that we face from the moment of birth. The immune system also has to be able to tell pathogenic from non-pathogenic organisms, as organs like the gut are colonized rapidly at birth with a commensal microbial flora. Further, the immune system can mediate homeostasis and elimina ...
Practice Exam 4 - Montgomery College
... A) Sensitized T cells. B) IgG antibodies. E) Activated macrophages. ...
... A) Sensitized T cells. B) IgG antibodies. E) Activated macrophages. ...
Sex hormone modulation of human uterine epithelial cell immune
... (Fahey and Wira 2002). SLPI production correlated with bactericidal activity with respect to menstrual status and time in culture, and anti-SLPI antibody significantly decreased bactericidal activity from premenopausal epithelial cell rinses. These studies extend the findings of others showing that ...
... (Fahey and Wira 2002). SLPI production correlated with bactericidal activity with respect to menstrual status and time in culture, and anti-SLPI antibody significantly decreased bactericidal activity from premenopausal epithelial cell rinses. These studies extend the findings of others showing that ...
1) Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with animal A
... A) Sensitized T cells. B) IgG antibodies. E) Activated macrophages. ...
... A) Sensitized T cells. B) IgG antibodies. E) Activated macrophages. ...
Short-circuiting long-lived humoral immunity by the heightened
... signaling on B cell responses is not unique to a particular TD antigen or agonistic αCD40 mAb. Moreover, these results provide additional evidence that αCD40 treatment acts directly on antigen-activated B cells. We examined the histology of spleen sections from recipient mice to determine the anatom ...
... signaling on B cell responses is not unique to a particular TD antigen or agonistic αCD40 mAb. Moreover, these results provide additional evidence that αCD40 treatment acts directly on antigen-activated B cells. We examined the histology of spleen sections from recipient mice to determine the anatom ...
Enhanced Respiratory Syncytial Virus disease following natural
... but their role in respiratory viral infections has received little attention. Here we observed that ...
... but their role in respiratory viral infections has received little attention. Here we observed that ...
Highly multiplexed profiling of single
... can quantify phenotypic diversity and differential drug response even across the hematopoietic continuum. Although a limited number of signaling proteins can be measured using intracellular staining, most of these technologies measure transcriptional or phenotypic marker expression in single cells. ...
... can quantify phenotypic diversity and differential drug response even across the hematopoietic continuum. Although a limited number of signaling proteins can be measured using intracellular staining, most of these technologies measure transcriptional or phenotypic marker expression in single cells. ...
Immunotoxicity derived from manipulating leukocytes with lipid
... ago by Bangham et al. [33–35] and were the first to be approved by the FDA to carry several types of chemotherapeutics (see Table 1) [36,37]. Liposomes are spherical, self-closed structures formed by one or several concentric lipid bilayers with aqueous phases inside and between the lipid bilayers. T ...
... ago by Bangham et al. [33–35] and were the first to be approved by the FDA to carry several types of chemotherapeutics (see Table 1) [36,37]. Liposomes are spherical, self-closed structures formed by one or several concentric lipid bilayers with aqueous phases inside and between the lipid bilayers. T ...
Innate Immune Responses in HIV-Infection
... and will be discussed here. Together with dendritic cells, which are among the first cells of the immune system to interact with HIV, the innate humoral components attract other cells of the immune system, e.g. NK cells or macrophages, to the sites of infection and a first line of defense is establi ...
... and will be discussed here. Together with dendritic cells, which are among the first cells of the immune system to interact with HIV, the innate humoral components attract other cells of the immune system, e.g. NK cells or macrophages, to the sites of infection and a first line of defense is establi ...
Tumor-Associated Macrophages - Roswell Park Cancer Institute
... for macrophages in cancer initiation because of their central status as mediators of inflammation. However, it is unclear whether macrophages in some inflammatory situations can kill aberrant cells before they become tumorigenic and thus be antitumoral. Macrophages involved in these cancer-initiatin ...
... for macrophages in cancer initiation because of their central status as mediators of inflammation. However, it is unclear whether macrophages in some inflammatory situations can kill aberrant cells before they become tumorigenic and thus be antitumoral. Macrophages involved in these cancer-initiatin ...
A generalized quantitative antibody homeostasis model
... body, reaching various tissues and organs via the blood and the lymphatics. B cells are defined by their ability to rearrange the genetic loci coding the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) of the B‐cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex and by their ability to secrete antibodies in later stages of their dev ...
... body, reaching various tissues and organs via the blood and the lymphatics. B cells are defined by their ability to rearrange the genetic loci coding the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) of the B‐cell antigen receptor (BCR) complex and by their ability to secrete antibodies in later stages of their dev ...
RAG mediated rearranging of antigen receptors
... no αβTCR and MHC outside of jawed vertebrates therefore it is difficult to answer what was first rearranging αβTCR Igs and BCR arose before TCR and MHC ...
... no αβTCR and MHC outside of jawed vertebrates therefore it is difficult to answer what was first rearranging αβTCR Igs and BCR arose before TCR and MHC ...
Immune response to fungal infections
... mucous membranes, which is complemented by cell membranes, cellular receptors and humoral factors. There has been a debate about the relative contribution of humoral and cellular immunity to host defence against fungal infections. For a long time it was considered that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) w ...
... mucous membranes, which is complemented by cell membranes, cellular receptors and humoral factors. There has been a debate about the relative contribution of humoral and cellular immunity to host defence against fungal infections. For a long time it was considered that cell-mediated immunity (CMI) w ...
Neurohormonal-cytokine interactions: Implications for
... The neuroendocrine system affects the immune system through the neuroendocrine humoral outflow via the pituitary, and through direct neuronal influences via the sympathetic, parasympathetic (cholinergic) and peptidergic/sensory innervation of peripheral tissues. Circulating hormones or locally relea ...
... The neuroendocrine system affects the immune system through the neuroendocrine humoral outflow via the pituitary, and through direct neuronal influences via the sympathetic, parasympathetic (cholinergic) and peptidergic/sensory innervation of peripheral tissues. Circulating hormones or locally relea ...
Module 2: Antibodies and Antigens
... Lecture 8: Antibodies and Antigens (part II) 8.1 Characteristics of biologic antigens 1) One of the most important characters of antigen is to bind specifically to an antibody. 2) Almost all the antigens are identified by specific antibodies but very few have the ability to stimulate the antibodies. ...
... Lecture 8: Antibodies and Antigens (part II) 8.1 Characteristics of biologic antigens 1) One of the most important characters of antigen is to bind specifically to an antibody. 2) Almost all the antigens are identified by specific antibodies but very few have the ability to stimulate the antibodies. ...
Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy
... Immune mechanisms of tumor rejection • Cell-mediated immunity plays a key role in tumor rejection. • Humoral immunity (antibodies) and innate immunity also play a role in the defense against tumors. ...
... Immune mechanisms of tumor rejection • Cell-mediated immunity plays a key role in tumor rejection. • Humoral immunity (antibodies) and innate immunity also play a role in the defense against tumors. ...
Type i and type ii Fc receptors regulate innate and adaptive immunity
... Antibodies produced in response to a foreign antigen are characterized by polyclonality, not only in the diverse epitopes to which their variable domains bind but also in the various effector molecules to which their constant regions (Fc domains) engage. Thus, the antibody’s Fc domain mediates diver ...
... Antibodies produced in response to a foreign antigen are characterized by polyclonality, not only in the diverse epitopes to which their variable domains bind but also in the various effector molecules to which their constant regions (Fc domains) engage. Thus, the antibody’s Fc domain mediates diver ...
Innate and adaptive immune responses in the lungs
... IFN-γ (which can activate macrophages to destroy the intracellular bacteria) and other cytokines and chemokines produced by CD4+ T cells are critical in the host is response to Mtb. The infected DC are observed as the primary APC responsible for activating CD4+ T cells as part of the adaptive immune ...
... IFN-γ (which can activate macrophages to destroy the intracellular bacteria) and other cytokines and chemokines produced by CD4+ T cells are critical in the host is response to Mtb. The infected DC are observed as the primary APC responsible for activating CD4+ T cells as part of the adaptive immune ...
The Role of Th-17 Cells and γδ T-Cells in Modulating the Systemic
... activity, another critical component of wound healing, is contingent on iNOS activity. However, in higher concentrations, NO has also been associated with remote organ injury. Chen et al. have implicated iNOS-derived NO in contributing to gastrointestinal dysfunction through increased mucosal permea ...
... activity, another critical component of wound healing, is contingent on iNOS activity. However, in higher concentrations, NO has also been associated with remote organ injury. Chen et al. have implicated iNOS-derived NO in contributing to gastrointestinal dysfunction through increased mucosal permea ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.