LFA-1 is required for retention of effector CD8 T cells in mouse lungs
... Trafficking of leukocytes is largely governed by interaction between adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes and on the vascular endothelium of postcapillary venules. Selectins mediate the initial rolling and tethering events1,2 following which integrins mediate firm adhesion3 that in turn allows ...
... Trafficking of leukocytes is largely governed by interaction between adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes and on the vascular endothelium of postcapillary venules. Selectins mediate the initial rolling and tethering events1,2 following which integrins mediate firm adhesion3 that in turn allows ...
Inflammation
... vascular permeability via histamine release. Vascular endothelial cells contribute to clot formation, retract to allow increased vascular permeability, and anchor circulating neutrophils via their adhesion molecules. Microbes initiate activation of the complement cascade, which, along with soluble m ...
... vascular permeability via histamine release. Vascular endothelial cells contribute to clot formation, retract to allow increased vascular permeability, and anchor circulating neutrophils via their adhesion molecules. Microbes initiate activation of the complement cascade, which, along with soluble m ...
Document
... with ligands, interact with the globular head modules of the complement component C1q [32]. However, the relationship between ligand binding and function of these proteins is still a matter of debate [33]. Interestingly, CRP has been shown to protect mice from infection with Salmonella typhimurium, ...
... with ligands, interact with the globular head modules of the complement component C1q [32]. However, the relationship between ligand binding and function of these proteins is still a matter of debate [33]. Interestingly, CRP has been shown to protect mice from infection with Salmonella typhimurium, ...
HN proteins of human parainfluenza type 4A virus expressed in cell
... the penetration of paramyxovirus and functional RNA were needed for interferon induction in mouse fibroblasts. On the other hand, the interaction between HN ...
... the penetration of paramyxovirus and functional RNA were needed for interferon induction in mouse fibroblasts. On the other hand, the interaction between HN ...
Detection of surface immunoreactions on individual cells by
... added to the solution to stop any reactions between the enzymes attached to the secondary antibodies and substrates. We irradiated a light beam from a xenon lamp into the RBCs/PBS solution and measured the absorbance of the incident light of 405 nm in wavelength to evaluate the amount of antibodies ...
... added to the solution to stop any reactions between the enzymes attached to the secondary antibodies and substrates. We irradiated a light beam from a xenon lamp into the RBCs/PBS solution and measured the absorbance of the incident light of 405 nm in wavelength to evaluate the amount of antibodies ...
Contribution of Renal Tubule Epithelial Cells in the Innate Immune
... All TLRs are expressed in leukocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T-and Bcells and neutrophils (except TLR3). TLRs are also expressed in a variety of other non-epithelial and epithelial cell types, including renal tubule cells.(29) Tsuboi et al. first reported the expression o ...
... All TLRs are expressed in leukocytes, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T-and Bcells and neutrophils (except TLR3). TLRs are also expressed in a variety of other non-epithelial and epithelial cell types, including renal tubule cells.(29) Tsuboi et al. first reported the expression o ...
Mouse Cytomegalovirus infection overrules T Open Access
... T cells [5]. Despite the fact that Tregs are crucial for maintenance of the immune homeostasis, they are also known to suppress the immune system in several diseased conditions like cancer [6] or in the context of infections for example induced by viruses [7-13]. In doing so, they dampen pathogen-sp ...
... T cells [5]. Despite the fact that Tregs are crucial for maintenance of the immune homeostasis, they are also known to suppress the immune system in several diseased conditions like cancer [6] or in the context of infections for example induced by viruses [7-13]. In doing so, they dampen pathogen-sp ...
Tissue Microenvironments Define and Get Reinforced by
... factor (GM-CSF) [1]. This bactericidal macrophage phenotype appears in early phases of tissue injury shortly after the recruitment of neutrophils to enforce local host defense against pathogens. In PAMP-rich environments proinflammatory macrophages are potentially life-saving which outweighs the ass ...
... factor (GM-CSF) [1]. This bactericidal macrophage phenotype appears in early phases of tissue injury shortly after the recruitment of neutrophils to enforce local host defense against pathogens. In PAMP-rich environments proinflammatory macrophages are potentially life-saving which outweighs the ass ...
INAM Plays a Critical Role in IFN
... http://www.jimmunol.org/content/193/10/5199.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription ...
... http://www.jimmunol.org/content/193/10/5199.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription ...
Antitumor Immunity and Dietary Compounds
... forms holes in the membrane of target cells allowing for the secretion of the cell death effector protein Granzyme B by CTLs which facilitates tumor killing. CD4 T helper cells play a role in generating a potent antitumor response and predominantly induce their cytotoxic activity by upregulating Fas ...
... forms holes in the membrane of target cells allowing for the secretion of the cell death effector protein Granzyme B by CTLs which facilitates tumor killing. CD4 T helper cells play a role in generating a potent antitumor response and predominantly induce their cytotoxic activity by upregulating Fas ...
Up-regulated interleukin-4 production by peripheral T
... Th1 and Th2 cell proportions and Th1/Th2 ratio in healthy control, MN, MCNS and FSGS Figure 2 shows the results of the intracellular cytokine analysis among the four groups. The proportion of IFN- single positive Th cells (Th1 cells) was not significantly different among groups (Figure 2A), whereas ...
... Th1 and Th2 cell proportions and Th1/Th2 ratio in healthy control, MN, MCNS and FSGS Figure 2 shows the results of the intracellular cytokine analysis among the four groups. The proportion of IFN- single positive Th cells (Th1 cells) was not significantly different among groups (Figure 2A), whereas ...
Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Innate Immunity
... epithelium. The core of the villus is an extension of the LP, which contains numerous fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), eosinophils and a network of blood capillaries as well as blind-ending lymphatic capillary, the lacteal. The intestin ...
... epithelium. The core of the villus is an extension of the LP, which contains numerous fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), eosinophils and a network of blood capillaries as well as blind-ending lymphatic capillary, the lacteal. The intestin ...
Perturbation of gut bacteria induces a coordinated cellular
... Supplementary Table S1). To further delineate these cells, we characterize the expression of cell type-specific immune gene markers (Figure 2). The morphological and transcriptional characteristics of these cell types are outlined below. Pigment cells. Pigment cells are red, granular, mesenchymal cel ...
... Supplementary Table S1). To further delineate these cells, we characterize the expression of cell type-specific immune gene markers (Figure 2). The morphological and transcriptional characteristics of these cell types are outlined below. Pigment cells. Pigment cells are red, granular, mesenchymal cel ...
Immunology
... Complement system includes more than 30 soluble and cell-bound proteins. The biological activities of this system affect both innate and acquired immunity. They are proteins or glycoproteins synthesized mainly by hepatocytes, although significant amounts are also produced by blood monocytes, tissue ...
... Complement system includes more than 30 soluble and cell-bound proteins. The biological activities of this system affect both innate and acquired immunity. They are proteins or glycoproteins synthesized mainly by hepatocytes, although significant amounts are also produced by blood monocytes, tissue ...
ILAR 46(2) - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
... immunoglobulin-like receptors by the antigen, and the surface cytokine receptors by factors produced by Th lymphocytes. Also a physical interaction between B and Th lymphocytes is required. Innate-Specific interactions: Effector Immune Defenses: The “effector phase” of the immune response is when th ...
... immunoglobulin-like receptors by the antigen, and the surface cytokine receptors by factors produced by Th lymphocytes. Also a physical interaction between B and Th lymphocytes is required. Innate-Specific interactions: Effector Immune Defenses: The “effector phase” of the immune response is when th ...
PATHOGENESIS OF AN EMERGING PATHOGEN – CRIMEAN
... leading to the observed hemorrhage and vascular permeability. The main aims of this thesis were to study the direct and indirect effect of viral replication on epithelial and immune cells as a possible contribution to CCHF molecular pathogenesis. By studying the site of entry and release in polarize ...
... leading to the observed hemorrhage and vascular permeability. The main aims of this thesis were to study the direct and indirect effect of viral replication on epithelial and immune cells as a possible contribution to CCHF molecular pathogenesis. By studying the site of entry and release in polarize ...
Cells Injury of Transplanted Liver Parenchymal Mediating CD4
... efficiently. A possible mechanism for this selective targeting and destruction of donor parenchymal cells include complement activation and resultant membrane attack complex-mediated lysis of the donor cells. Another mechanism, ADCC, involves other immune cell mediators, such as NK cells, macrophage ...
... efficiently. A possible mechanism for this selective targeting and destruction of donor parenchymal cells include complement activation and resultant membrane attack complex-mediated lysis of the donor cells. Another mechanism, ADCC, involves other immune cell mediators, such as NK cells, macrophage ...
Natural Killer cells in Innate Defense against Infective Pathogens
... cell mediated cytolysis while mature DCs are protected [31,39]. The NK cell activating receptor NKp30 appears to play a central role in DC maturation or apoptosis induced by NK cells [33,40,41]. ...
... cell mediated cytolysis while mature DCs are protected [31,39]. The NK cell activating receptor NKp30 appears to play a central role in DC maturation or apoptosis induced by NK cells [33,40,41]. ...
Toll-like receptor-4 agonist in post-haemorrhage pneumonia: role
... been related to a state of immunosuppression lasting 7–10 days followed by an immunological recovery [3]. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses through production of cytokines, as well as presentation of antigen to naive lymphocytes [4]. Natural kill ...
... been related to a state of immunosuppression lasting 7–10 days followed by an immunological recovery [3]. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses through production of cytokines, as well as presentation of antigen to naive lymphocytes [4]. Natural kill ...
Document
... suitable model organism via which to investigate the principles of innate immunity (Hultmark, 1994). The cell mediated immune response of Drosophila melanogaster involves circulating cells in the hemolymph, known as hemocytes. Three main morphological classes of hemocytes have been identified: plasm ...
... suitable model organism via which to investigate the principles of innate immunity (Hultmark, 1994). The cell mediated immune response of Drosophila melanogaster involves circulating cells in the hemolymph, known as hemocytes. Three main morphological classes of hemocytes have been identified: plasm ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.