Substance P and Antagonists of the Neurokinin
... neurons, as a large protein, and is transported to the neuronal terminal endings, where it is enzymatically converted into the active form and stored in vesicles ready for release. Its preferred endogenous receptor, NK1R, is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains and diverse d ...
... neurons, as a large protein, and is transported to the neuronal terminal endings, where it is enzymatically converted into the active form and stored in vesicles ready for release. Its preferred endogenous receptor, NK1R, is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains and diverse d ...
Linking species habitat and past palaeoclimatic events to evolution
... time it takes a species to evolve half the distance from the ancestral (copy number) state towards the predicted optimal (copy number) state. For example, a half-life of zero signifies immediate adaptation of the trait to any change in the optimum for every lineage present in the phylogeny. A half-l ...
... time it takes a species to evolve half the distance from the ancestral (copy number) state towards the predicted optimal (copy number) state. For example, a half-life of zero signifies immediate adaptation of the trait to any change in the optimum for every lineage present in the phylogeny. A half-l ...
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates bovine neutrophil production
... preparation. On a per cell basis the monocytes in the previous study [8] produced far more molecules of cytokines than the PMN in our study. However, during mastitis PMN far outnumber macrophages by several orders of magnitude, and can therefore be major sources of cytokines like TNF-α. It was recen ...
... preparation. On a per cell basis the monocytes in the previous study [8] produced far more molecules of cytokines than the PMN in our study. However, during mastitis PMN far outnumber macrophages by several orders of magnitude, and can therefore be major sources of cytokines like TNF-α. It was recen ...
Immune profile from high-risk to onset of Type 1 diabetes No. 1275
... of the immunological profile and changes therein, during the pre-diabetic phase and disease course, is of outmost importance for the understanding of the immunological processes involved in T1D pathogenesis. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the immunological profile, focusing on markers ass ...
... of the immunological profile and changes therein, during the pre-diabetic phase and disease course, is of outmost importance for the understanding of the immunological processes involved in T1D pathogenesis. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the immunological profile, focusing on markers ass ...
Insurmountable Heat: The Evolution and Persistence of Defensive
... directly impairs, slows, or kills invasive microbes (and tumors, which resemble pathogens in many respects). Host mortality, disease severity, and duration of sickness are all curtailed by hyperthermia. Below we review three lines of evidence supporting these conclusions. ...
... directly impairs, slows, or kills invasive microbes (and tumors, which resemble pathogens in many respects). Host mortality, disease severity, and duration of sickness are all curtailed by hyperthermia. Below we review three lines of evidence supporting these conclusions. ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, asymptomatic atherosclerosis, and inflammation: A candidate gene study
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
Hypersensitivity
... Animation: Antibodies react with epitopes on the host cell membrane and NK cells bind to the Fc of the antibodies. The NK cells then lyse the cell with pore-forming perforins and cytotoxic granzymes Immunreaktionen der Haut ...
... Animation: Antibodies react with epitopes on the host cell membrane and NK cells bind to the Fc of the antibodies. The NK cells then lyse the cell with pore-forming perforins and cytotoxic granzymes Immunreaktionen der Haut ...
Full Text - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
... similar number emigrated, many to the USA. So far, archaea are not identified as direct causal agents of infectious diseases. However, recent studies show a correlation between infections and the presence of archaea (Vianna et al., 2006). Therefore it is expected that archaea will be identified as c ...
... similar number emigrated, many to the USA. So far, archaea are not identified as direct causal agents of infectious diseases. However, recent studies show a correlation between infections and the presence of archaea (Vianna et al., 2006). Therefore it is expected that archaea will be identified as c ...
A Study of the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein
... including cell rounding and detachment in those cells expressing GP. This phenomenon is referred to as GPmediated cytopathology and is the focus of the work described herein. We have undertaken studies to identify the mucin domain, a highly glycosylated domain within GP, as sufficient to cause this ...
... including cell rounding and detachment in those cells expressing GP. This phenomenon is referred to as GPmediated cytopathology and is the focus of the work described herein. We have undertaken studies to identify the mucin domain, a highly glycosylated domain within GP, as sufficient to cause this ...
Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis
... acts as an intricate immune surveillance system to discriminate among healthy host tissue, cellular debris, apoptotic cells and foreign intruders and tunes its response accordingly (Fig. 1a–c). Indeed, besides its obvious involvement in eliminating microbes, complement participates in such diverse p ...
... acts as an intricate immune surveillance system to discriminate among healthy host tissue, cellular debris, apoptotic cells and foreign intruders and tunes its response accordingly (Fig. 1a–c). Indeed, besides its obvious involvement in eliminating microbes, complement participates in such diverse p ...
Sending a message: extracellular vesicles of pathogenic protozoan
... on differentiation. T. cruzi produces EVs through the secretion of MVB-derived exosomes and the shedding of ectosomes at the cell surface membrane. Early work on the T. cruzi secretome showed that mucin proteins were released as components of EVs41,42. Proteomic analysis of T. cruzi EVs showed an en ...
... on differentiation. T. cruzi produces EVs through the secretion of MVB-derived exosomes and the shedding of ectosomes at the cell surface membrane. Early work on the T. cruzi secretome showed that mucin proteins were released as components of EVs41,42. Proteomic analysis of T. cruzi EVs showed an en ...
The Omics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
... scope of this article, but it is especially important for TNBC, for which many potential markers of molecular subtypes or biological characteristics have been reported. The strictest definition would be a “mechanism of action”-related molecular marker that defines a diseasemodifying clinical interve ...
... scope of this article, but it is especially important for TNBC, for which many potential markers of molecular subtypes or biological characteristics have been reported. The strictest definition would be a “mechanism of action”-related molecular marker that defines a diseasemodifying clinical interve ...
New Scientific Paradigms for Probiotics and Prebiotics
... populations within the body and host factors (including gender, genetic background, and nutrition) and the concomitant implications for health and improved quality of life. Combined human and microbial genetic studies will determine how such interactions can affect human health and longevity, which ...
... populations within the body and host factors (including gender, genetic background, and nutrition) and the concomitant implications for health and improved quality of life. Combined human and microbial genetic studies will determine how such interactions can affect human health and longevity, which ...
study of the human humoral immune response against rotavirus
... (SIg) in serum has been proposed to indirectly measure intestinal Ig. Therefore, plasma RV-SIg was evaluated by ELISA in 50 children vaccinated with RIX4414 and 62 placebo recipients and correlated with protection when both groups were analyzed jointly. RV-SIg may serve as a valuable correlate of pr ...
... (SIg) in serum has been proposed to indirectly measure intestinal Ig. Therefore, plasma RV-SIg was evaluated by ELISA in 50 children vaccinated with RIX4414 and 62 placebo recipients and correlated with protection when both groups were analyzed jointly. RV-SIg may serve as a valuable correlate of pr ...
autoimmunity - Thyroid Disease Manager
... secretion, and many more. In addition, under specific circumstances, antigen presentation may cause the T cell to become non-responsive or anergic (10). Presentation of antigen and the accompanying second signal are required to activate a naive T cell and initiate an immune response; previously acti ...
... secretion, and many more. In addition, under specific circumstances, antigen presentation may cause the T cell to become non-responsive or anergic (10). Presentation of antigen and the accompanying second signal are required to activate a naive T cell and initiate an immune response; previously acti ...
xia immune activation 1
... (ApoE⫺/⫺) mice, which lack T/B cells, developed atherosclerotic lesions more slowly than did ApoE⫺/⫺ control mice.7 Subsequent experiments suggested a role for CD4⫹ T cells in promoting the disease by responding to antigens associated with abnormal metabolites and enhancing production of interferon- ...
... (ApoE⫺/⫺) mice, which lack T/B cells, developed atherosclerotic lesions more slowly than did ApoE⫺/⫺ control mice.7 Subsequent experiments suggested a role for CD4⫹ T cells in promoting the disease by responding to antigens associated with abnormal metabolites and enhancing production of interferon- ...
CCAC guidelines on: antibody production, 2002
... system of an animal in a specific response to a challenge by an immunogen. The immune system acts through two principal mechanisms: humoral type responses (production of antibodies) and cell-mediated responses. Immunogens (antigens) are molecules which can induce a specific immune response and are u ...
... system of an animal in a specific response to a challenge by an immunogen. The immune system acts through two principal mechanisms: humoral type responses (production of antibodies) and cell-mediated responses. Immunogens (antigens) are molecules which can induce a specific immune response and are u ...
T cell activation: Kinetic proofreading, serial
... of intracellular pathogens, while B cells are principally concerned with the detection and destruction of extracellular pathogens. Intracellular pathogens include some bacteria (for instance, those causing tuberculosis and leprosy) and all viruses. T cells operate by scanning the surfaces of cells f ...
... of intracellular pathogens, while B cells are principally concerned with the detection and destruction of extracellular pathogens. Intracellular pathogens include some bacteria (for instance, those causing tuberculosis and leprosy) and all viruses. T cells operate by scanning the surfaces of cells f ...
Canine hemangiosarcoma: A tumor of
... eventually give rise to HSA in specific organs. The significance of this finding is not trivial because it implies that complete eradication of HSA in affected dogs will require elimination of these apparent HSA stem cells. Cancer stem cells have proven to be the most resilient and resistant to ther ...
... eventually give rise to HSA in specific organs. The significance of this finding is not trivial because it implies that complete eradication of HSA in affected dogs will require elimination of these apparent HSA stem cells. Cancer stem cells have proven to be the most resilient and resistant to ther ...
Tissue-Expressed B7x Affects the Immune Response to and and
... and peripheral nonlymphoid tissues (3–5). However, levels in nonlymphoid tissues, such as the lung, were much higher than in lymphoid tissues (3, 6). In this study, we used immunohistochemistry analysis to determine whether the pattern of B7x protein expression mirrors that of the existing mRNA data ...
... and peripheral nonlymphoid tissues (3–5). However, levels in nonlymphoid tissues, such as the lung, were much higher than in lymphoid tissues (3, 6). In this study, we used immunohistochemistry analysis to determine whether the pattern of B7x protein expression mirrors that of the existing mRNA data ...
Elucidating Host-Pathogen Interactions Based on Post
... as significant changes in protein expression, protein abundance, the modification status, the site occupancy level, interactors, functional significance of key players, potential drug targets, etc. This mini review discusses the potential of proteomics to investigate the involvement of post-translat ...
... as significant changes in protein expression, protein abundance, the modification status, the site occupancy level, interactors, functional significance of key players, potential drug targets, etc. This mini review discusses the potential of proteomics to investigate the involvement of post-translat ...
A monoclonal antibody against lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 decreases HIV-1
... plays a role in leukocyte trafficking, antigen presentation, cellular activation, and adhesion of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to their targets. In addition to its role in the immune response, LFA-1 and its ligands are incorporated into the viral envelope as HIV-1 buds from the cell surface [1]. Th ...
... plays a role in leukocyte trafficking, antigen presentation, cellular activation, and adhesion of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to their targets. In addition to its role in the immune response, LFA-1 and its ligands are incorporated into the viral envelope as HIV-1 buds from the cell surface [1]. Th ...
Unseen Forces: The Influence of Bacteria on Animal Development
... et al., 1996). Interestingly, these types of associations are prevalent in, yet largely restricted to, the invertebrates, and the bacterial partners in such symbioses are most often intracellular constituents of organs located deep in the body cavity. In many of these symbioses, the bacterial partne ...
... et al., 1996). Interestingly, these types of associations are prevalent in, yet largely restricted to, the invertebrates, and the bacterial partners in such symbioses are most often intracellular constituents of organs located deep in the body cavity. In many of these symbioses, the bacterial partne ...