World Economic Outlook, October 2016
... has generally been contained, with equity valuations and risk appetite recovering after an initial drop, as discussed elsewhere in this chapter. Bank stocks, however, remain under pressure, especially in countries with more fragile banking systems. Based on preliminary readings, business and consume ...
... has generally been contained, with equity valuations and risk appetite recovering after an initial drop, as discussed elsewhere in this chapter. Bank stocks, however, remain under pressure, especially in countries with more fragile banking systems. Based on preliminary readings, business and consume ...
What drives China`s growth? - St Edmund Hall
... invested enterprises (FIEs) were also explicitly geared toward exports. They were initially located in Special Economic Zones (SEZs), which were created as export-processing zones that were similar to the export-oriented growth models of its East Asian neighbours. China thus became integrated with ...
... invested enterprises (FIEs) were also explicitly geared toward exports. They were initially located in Special Economic Zones (SEZs), which were created as export-processing zones that were similar to the export-oriented growth models of its East Asian neighbours. China thus became integrated with ...
Economic growth: the impact on poverty reduction
... 10 years means that the majority of the world’s working-age population is now in employment. At the same time, in every region of the world and particularly in Africa, youth unemployment is a major issue. This is reflected in higher than average unemployment rates: young people make up 25 per cent o ...
... 10 years means that the majority of the world’s working-age population is now in employment. At the same time, in every region of the world and particularly in Africa, youth unemployment is a major issue. This is reflected in higher than average unemployment rates: young people make up 25 per cent o ...
The Effects of External and Internal Shocks on Total Factor Productivity
... that developing countries, in particular Latin American countries, tended to experience even more severe slowdowns. More recently, Jones and Olken (2008) estimated structural breaks for income growth rates and employ growth accounting technique to investigate what occurs during various transitions. ...
... that developing countries, in particular Latin American countries, tended to experience even more severe slowdowns. More recently, Jones and Olken (2008) estimated structural breaks for income growth rates and employ growth accounting technique to investigate what occurs during various transitions. ...
Intra-Regional Spillovers in South America: Is Brazil
... driven mainly by increased trade with emerging market economies outside the region, and to a lesser extent intra-regional trade (Figure 2). Despite its sheer economic size, trade with Brazil contributed only marginally to the deepening of intra-regional integration (Figure 3).6 Furthermore, Brazil’s ...
... driven mainly by increased trade with emerging market economies outside the region, and to a lesser extent intra-regional trade (Figure 2). Despite its sheer economic size, trade with Brazil contributed only marginally to the deepening of intra-regional integration (Figure 3).6 Furthermore, Brazil’s ...
Balanced Growth - Yale Economics
... have less capital to work with), or there is a gap in total factor productivity (A is lower in underdeveloped countries than in developed countries). ...
... have less capital to work with), or there is a gap in total factor productivity (A is lower in underdeveloped countries than in developed countries). ...
The Role of Foreign Technology and Indigenous Innovation in
... International technology diffusion is therefore an important condition for economic growth. If foreign technologies are easy to diffuse and adopt, a technologically backward country can catch up rapidly, even leapfrog through the acquisition and more rapid deployment of the most advanced technologi ...
... International technology diffusion is therefore an important condition for economic growth. If foreign technologies are easy to diffuse and adopt, a technologically backward country can catch up rapidly, even leapfrog through the acquisition and more rapid deployment of the most advanced technologi ...
Export Led Growth In South East Asia
... In 1961, the military takeover led the country to the reorientation of the economy towards export promotion and some fundamental changes were made in the incentive system. At this stage the regime was following a “neutral export promotion policy”, that is, the regime did not distinguish between comm ...
... In 1961, the military takeover led the country to the reorientation of the economy towards export promotion and some fundamental changes were made in the incentive system. At this stage the regime was following a “neutral export promotion policy”, that is, the regime did not distinguish between comm ...
Impact of FDI on GDP: A Comparative Study of China and India
... internationally (Shujiro Urata, 1998). The large increase in the volume of FDI during the past two decades provides a strong incentive for research on this phenomenon. After the global financial crisis, the status and importance of Asian economies have increased a lot because of their more than expe ...
... internationally (Shujiro Urata, 1998). The large increase in the volume of FDI during the past two decades provides a strong incentive for research on this phenomenon. After the global financial crisis, the status and importance of Asian economies have increased a lot because of their more than expe ...
The Global Financial Crisis and the Developing World
... slowdown and, in the first quarter of 2009, headed towards a global recession. The speed at which the world economy had fallen victim to the recessionary wave of financial turmoil in the United States and Europe caught everyone by surprise. In the second quarter of 2009, some signs were emerging ind ...
... slowdown and, in the first quarter of 2009, headed towards a global recession. The speed at which the world economy had fallen victim to the recessionary wave of financial turmoil in the United States and Europe caught everyone by surprise. In the second quarter of 2009, some signs were emerging ind ...
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... 1 Introduction and policy context Negotiations on climate change arrangements as part of the shaping of a post Kyoto/ post 2012 world concluded in Copenhagen in December 2009 in a 2 week end to a negotiation initiated in Bali in late 2007 but are now scheduled to continue in Mexi ...
... 1 Introduction and policy context Negotiations on climate change arrangements as part of the shaping of a post Kyoto/ post 2012 world concluded in Copenhagen in December 2009 in a 2 week end to a negotiation initiated in Bali in late 2007 but are now scheduled to continue in Mexi ...
Africa`s Rising Exposure to China
... The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. Abstract The rapid growth in China’s domesti ...
... The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. Abstract The rapid growth in China’s domesti ...
Spillover Implications of China`s Slowdown for International
... demand for imports. China’s rapid investment-driven growth of recent years fostered a remarkable expansion of global trade. However, growth has slowed as the economy rebalances from import-intensive investment to consumption. This transition is depressing trade, which stagnated in 2015 (Figure 1). T ...
... demand for imports. China’s rapid investment-driven growth of recent years fostered a remarkable expansion of global trade. However, growth has slowed as the economy rebalances from import-intensive investment to consumption. This transition is depressing trade, which stagnated in 2015 (Figure 1). T ...
THE EXTRAORDINARY GROWTH OF THE FOUR ASIAN TIGERS
... Here it is noticeable how the productivity A has a double effect on output: a direct one, but also an indirect one through capital. ...
... Here it is noticeable how the productivity A has a double effect on output: a direct one, but also an indirect one through capital. ...
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... 2 Such benchmarks show the position of various national economies across a range of measures of innovation; they do not, however, provide an overall ranking based on those indicators that are most relevant for economic growth. ...
... 2 Such benchmarks show the position of various national economies across a range of measures of innovation; they do not, however, provide an overall ranking based on those indicators that are most relevant for economic growth. ...
The Journal of African Development
... new trading partners and some unexpected developments. The outcome of these recent developments can be startling: so in Ghana, for example, India and China have overtaken the United Kingdom, the former colonial power, in investments and the number of operating companies. The United Arab Emirates (UA ...
... new trading partners and some unexpected developments. The outcome of these recent developments can be startling: so in Ghana, for example, India and China have overtaken the United Kingdom, the former colonial power, in investments and the number of operating companies. The United Arab Emirates (UA ...
2. Institutions and their role in economic growth. Theoretical
... economy would fail to duplicate the efficiency and wealth creation of a private free market system. Hayek5 under the influence of Mises showed that if all the means of production were vested in single hand (be it society or a dictator) this body has total authority. Hence, communism leads to loss o ...
... economy would fail to duplicate the efficiency and wealth creation of a private free market system. Hayek5 under the influence of Mises showed that if all the means of production were vested in single hand (be it society or a dictator) this body has total authority. Hence, communism leads to loss o ...
Sub-Saharan Africa and Europe in a globalizing world
... finance, shift toward reciprocal trade agreements cum regional integration through the EPAs. SSA comeback as a strategic stake (access to resources, global politics) since the early 2000s ...
... finance, shift toward reciprocal trade agreements cum regional integration through the EPAs. SSA comeback as a strategic stake (access to resources, global politics) since the early 2000s ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Timothy J. Kehoe Kim J. Ruhl
... typically scale effects from positive externalities in production. That is, everything else being equal, larger countries should grow more rapidly. International trade can allow a small country to benefit from these positive externalities. This sort of theory indicates that well-specified growth reg ...
... typically scale effects from positive externalities in production. That is, everything else being equal, larger countries should grow more rapidly. International trade can allow a small country to benefit from these positive externalities. This sort of theory indicates that well-specified growth reg ...
Why Have Economic Reforms in Mexico Not Generated Growth?
... typically scale effects from positive externalities in production. That is, everything else being equal, larger countries should grow more rapidly. International trade can allow a small country to benefit from these positive externalities. This sort of theory indicates that well-specified growth reg ...
... typically scale effects from positive externalities in production. That is, everything else being equal, larger countries should grow more rapidly. International trade can allow a small country to benefit from these positive externalities. This sort of theory indicates that well-specified growth reg ...
Why Have Economic Reforms in Mexico Not Generated Growth?*
... typically scale effects from positive externalities in production. That is, everything else being equal, larger countries should grow more rapidly. International trade can allow a small country to benefit from these positive externalities. This sort of theory indicates that well-specified growth reg ...
... typically scale effects from positive externalities in production. That is, everything else being equal, larger countries should grow more rapidly. International trade can allow a small country to benefit from these positive externalities. This sort of theory indicates that well-specified growth reg ...
Trade and the Development of India and China
... and Unal-Kesenci 2004). This makes participants in this process beneficiaries from, rather than victims of, improvements in the competitiveness of their partners. And new trade theory now recognizes that export expansion does not involve just increases in exports of the same products. Rapidly growin ...
... and Unal-Kesenci 2004). This makes participants in this process beneficiaries from, rather than victims of, improvements in the competitiveness of their partners. And new trade theory now recognizes that export expansion does not involve just increases in exports of the same products. Rapidly growin ...
The impact of slowing working
... Demographic considerations are no longer relevant just for investors in the retail sector and rental housing. All commercial real estate investors would benefit from considering growth in workingage population for their target markets. This may not have been necessary in the past, but many developed ...
... Demographic considerations are no longer relevant just for investors in the retail sector and rental housing. All commercial real estate investors would benefit from considering growth in workingage population for their target markets. This may not have been necessary in the past, but many developed ...
A Comparison of Two Cycles in the World Economy: 1989-2007
... The neo-liberal mode of regulation has been dominating the world economy during the past three decades. The electoral victories of Thatcher and Reagan representing the radical shift in economic philosophy and the appointment of Paul Volcker to the Chair of the Federal Reserve (FED) representing the ...
... The neo-liberal mode of regulation has been dominating the world economy during the past three decades. The electoral victories of Thatcher and Reagan representing the radical shift in economic philosophy and the appointment of Paul Volcker to the Chair of the Federal Reserve (FED) representing the ...
BRIC
In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development. It is typically rendered as ""the BRICs"" or ""the BRIC countries"" or ""the BRIC economies"" or alternatively as the ""Big Four"". A related acronym, BRICS, includes South Africa.The acronym was coined in 2001 by Jim O'Neill from investment bank Goldman Sachs in a paper entitled ""Building Better Global Economic BRICs."" The acronym has come into widespread use as a symbol of the apparent shift in global economic power away from the developed G7 economies towards the developing world.Projections on the future power of the BRIC economies vary widely. Some sources suggest that they might overtake the G7 economies by 2027. More modestly, Goldman Sachs has argued that, although the four BRIC countries are developing rapidly, it was only by 2050 that their combined economies could eclipse the combined economies of the current richest countries of the world.In 2010, however, while the four BRIC countries accounted for over a quarter of the world's land area and more than 40% of the world's population, they accounted for only one-quarter of the world gross national income.According to a paper published in 2005, Mexico and South Korea were the only other countries comparable to the BRICs, but their economies were excluded initially because they were considered already more developed, as they were already members of the OECD. The same creator of the term ""BRIC"" endorsed the term MINT, that includes Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey.Goldman Sachs did not argue that the BRICs would organize themselves into an economic bloc, or a formal trading association, as the European Union has done. However, there are some indications that the ""four BRIC countries have been seeking to form a 'political club' or 'alliance'"", and thereby converting ""their growing economic power into greater geopolitical clout"". On June 16, 2009, the leaders of the BRIC countries held their first summit in Yekaterinburg, and issued a declaration calling for the establishment of an equitable, democratic and multipolar world order. Since then they have met in Brasília in 2010, met in Sanya, on China's Hainan Island in 2011 and in New Delhi, India, in 2012.Some other developing countries that have not yet reached the N-11 economic level, such as South Africa, aspired to BRIC status.South Africa was subsequently successful in joining the bloc, despite the fact that economists at the Reuters 2011 Investment Outlook Summit dismissed the prospects of South African success. Jim O'Neill, for example, told the summit that South Africa, at a population of under 50 million people, was just too small an economy to join the BRIC ranks. However, after the BRIC countries formed a political organization among themselves, they later expanded to include South Africa, becoming the BRICS.Several of the more developed of the N-11 countries, in particular Turkey, Mexico, Indonesia and South Korea, were seen as the most likely contenders to the BRICs.In recent years, the BRICs have received increasing scholarly attention. Brazilian political economist Marcos Prado Troyjo and French investment banker Christian Déséglise founded the BRICLab at Columbia University, a Forum examining the strategic, political and economic consequences of the rise of BRIC countries, especially by analyzing their projects for power, prosperity and prestige through graduate courses, special sessions with guest speakers, Executive Education programs, and annual conferences for policymakers, business and academic leaders, and students.