Benefiting from FDI- LDCs` policy options
... In recent years, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows have increased more than either world trade or world production: from $25 billion in 1975 to a record $1.2 trillion in 2000 and the LDCs’ approximate share is $335 billion in 2005, according to UNCTAD (2008). Among the types of capital flows and ...
... In recent years, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows have increased more than either world trade or world production: from $25 billion in 1975 to a record $1.2 trillion in 2000 and the LDCs’ approximate share is $335 billion in 2005, according to UNCTAD (2008). Among the types of capital flows and ...
mega and agglomerated regions register high per capita
... the initial value, therefore, fades out with time. The convergence path is smooth, as implied by equation 1. The loss of regional/country differentiation, however, is not total due to mechanisms that will be described below. Secondly, once the target is reached, there will no longer be any variation ...
... the initial value, therefore, fades out with time. The convergence path is smooth, as implied by equation 1. The loss of regional/country differentiation, however, is not total due to mechanisms that will be described below. Secondly, once the target is reached, there will no longer be any variation ...
Sopa Piranha*
... of guarantees and other off balance sheet support). This rate of spending must decline but it will not be negative anytime soon. Spending on financial bailouts can be excluded as it does not directly support demand for commodities. Financial aid has been 60% lower than originally targeted and has le ...
... of guarantees and other off balance sheet support). This rate of spending must decline but it will not be negative anytime soon. Spending on financial bailouts can be excluded as it does not directly support demand for commodities. Financial aid has been 60% lower than originally targeted and has le ...
Asia 2050 - Asian Development Bank
... reach Europe’s levels today. It would make some 3 billion additional Asians affluent by current standards. By nearly doubling its share of global gross domestic product (GDP) to 52 percent by 2050, Asia would regain the dominant economic position it held some 300 years ago, before the industrial revo ...
... reach Europe’s levels today. It would make some 3 billion additional Asians affluent by current standards. By nearly doubling its share of global gross domestic product (GDP) to 52 percent by 2050, Asia would regain the dominant economic position it held some 300 years ago, before the industrial revo ...
The Export –Driven Growth in China: Implications for
... resources, land, and the environment; and managed the exchange rate. In this policy setting, investment reached a very high share of GDP while industry rather than services drove much of the growth. With the link between production and consumption loosened by access to the open multilateral trading ...
... resources, land, and the environment; and managed the exchange rate. In this policy setting, investment reached a very high share of GDP while industry rather than services drove much of the growth. With the link between production and consumption loosened by access to the open multilateral trading ...
International Economics Lecture 2
... Harrison, Rutherford, Tarr (1996), Goldin and van der Mennsbrugghe (1996), Hertel, Martin, Yangashima, and Dimaran (1996), Brown, Deardorff, Fox, and Stern (1996), Laird and Safadi (1996); Whalley (2000); Hertel and Martin (2000); Hoekman et al. (2003); Dimaranan, Hertel and Keeney (2003); Francois, ...
... Harrison, Rutherford, Tarr (1996), Goldin and van der Mennsbrugghe (1996), Hertel, Martin, Yangashima, and Dimaran (1996), Brown, Deardorff, Fox, and Stern (1996), Laird and Safadi (1996); Whalley (2000); Hertel and Martin (2000); Hoekman et al. (2003); Dimaranan, Hertel and Keeney (2003); Francois, ...
996_Gdb peech booklet
... population of about six billion people. This means that the average person is generating 7 tons. The US currently generates just over 20 tons per capita, Europe about 10 to 15, China 4 to 5 and India 1. If we are to cut emissions by half by 2050, this average figure of seven tons needs to come down ...
... population of about six billion people. This means that the average person is generating 7 tons. The US currently generates just over 20 tons per capita, Europe about 10 to 15, China 4 to 5 and India 1. If we are to cut emissions by half by 2050, this average figure of seven tons needs to come down ...
To many, today, globalization is a four
... recognized that in an initial phase of development and starting with relatively low barriers to trade, increased protection need not preclude fast growth as long as protection remains moderate and short-lived. Late Bela Balassa, one of the early advocates of outward-oriented policies, explicitly rec ...
... recognized that in an initial phase of development and starting with relatively low barriers to trade, increased protection need not preclude fast growth as long as protection remains moderate and short-lived. Late Bela Balassa, one of the early advocates of outward-oriented policies, explicitly rec ...
SEZ Kaliningrad, Russia - University of Michigan
... targeted areas. Countries in Latin America are often less developed than Russia and those in Eastern Europe, but they are also already open to trade and investment, and do not offer competitively priced labor. ...
... targeted areas. Countries in Latin America are often less developed than Russia and those in Eastern Europe, but they are also already open to trade and investment, and do not offer competitively priced labor. ...
``One belt one road``, the new Silk Road How it will affect
... Port enterprises can seek Win-Win than just competition Chinese Ports, Ships Owners and Banks are strengthening their investment and cooperation with the European ports like the Piraeus Port (PPA), the port of Ambarli in Turkey and the ones in Hamburg, Antwerp and Rotterdam etc. Example: ...
... Port enterprises can seek Win-Win than just competition Chinese Ports, Ships Owners and Banks are strengthening their investment and cooperation with the European ports like the Piraeus Port (PPA), the port of Ambarli in Turkey and the ones in Hamburg, Antwerp and Rotterdam etc. Example: ...
Industrial policy in the era of vertically specialized industrialization
... substitution and export orientation, do not really fit the contemporary global economy. The key element is the role of vertical specialization (VS), defined as the import content of exports. Vertical specialization is generally high when production is organized in GVCs that span multiple countries, ...
... substitution and export orientation, do not really fit the contemporary global economy. The key element is the role of vertical specialization (VS), defined as the import content of exports. Vertical specialization is generally high when production is organized in GVCs that span multiple countries, ...
World Bank Document
... capita. This was later matched by Japan in the middle of the twentieth century. The world economy was driven by several large Western European countries (Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom) and Anglophone ―offshoots‖ (Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada), plus Japan. Many ...
... capita. This was later matched by Japan in the middle of the twentieth century. The world economy was driven by several large Western European countries (Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom) and Anglophone ―offshoots‖ (Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and Canada), plus Japan. Many ...
International Financial Architecture, Macro Volatility
... Ycap75us – PPP GDP per capita in 1975 as a % of the US level, CORR pos – positive residual corruption in 1975, calculated as explained earlier. R2=40%, N=39, all coefficients are significant at 5% level, except the last one (33%), but exclusion of the last variable (a multiple of T by Tincr.) does n ...
... Ycap75us – PPP GDP per capita in 1975 as a % of the US level, CORR pos – positive residual corruption in 1975, calculated as explained earlier. R2=40%, N=39, all coefficients are significant at 5% level, except the last one (33%), but exclusion of the last variable (a multiple of T by Tincr.) does n ...
Chapter V: Growth and Employment
... countries over the course of the 1990’s About 3.5 billion people (70% of the population of developing countries) live in 44 countries (including China and India) that have seen incomes per capita rise 2% per year, or faster In the 19th century – a period of massive industrial transformation and ...
... countries over the course of the 1990’s About 3.5 billion people (70% of the population of developing countries) live in 44 countries (including China and India) that have seen incomes per capita rise 2% per year, or faster In the 19th century – a period of massive industrial transformation and ...
DRAFT – Not to be Cited Maladjusted African Economies and Globalisation Introduction
... ownership and specific sector level incentives. In any case, its particular form of financing is not particularly affected by domestic macro-economic policies. Little of this has gone into the manufacturing industry. Thirdly, there is the highly speculative portfolio investment attracted by “pull fa ...
... ownership and specific sector level incentives. In any case, its particular form of financing is not particularly affected by domestic macro-economic policies. Little of this has gone into the manufacturing industry. Thirdly, there is the highly speculative portfolio investment attracted by “pull fa ...
Exploring Economic and Social factors that increase Economic and
... of their economies. This will help them increase economic growth indicators, but at the same time increase the overall well-being of their citizens. ...
... of their economies. This will help them increase economic growth indicators, but at the same time increase the overall well-being of their citizens. ...
View Article - Annals of Economics and Finance
... Attempts to analyze this episode in terms of growth rates will probably go wrong. The situation is no different if the country has a positive long-term growth rate. A one-time improvement in technology or organization will allow and encourage a faster growth rate for some time, but only for that tim ...
... Attempts to analyze this episode in terms of growth rates will probably go wrong. The situation is no different if the country has a positive long-term growth rate. A one-time improvement in technology or organization will allow and encourage a faster growth rate for some time, but only for that tim ...
Maladjusted African Economies and Globalisation Thandika Mkandawire Director,
... global non-oil exports which are now less than one-half what they were in the early 1980s (Ng and Yeats 2000), representing “a staggering annual income loss of US$68 billion – or 21 percent of regional GDP” (World Bank 2000). The Promise of Additional Resources ...
... global non-oil exports which are now less than one-half what they were in the early 1980s (Ng and Yeats 2000), representing “a staggering annual income loss of US$68 billion – or 21 percent of regional GDP” (World Bank 2000). The Promise of Additional Resources ...
Trade Developments in Latin America and the Caribbean
... United States is an important trading partner for South America as it imports oil from Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia, and manufactured goods from Peru, Chile and Brazil. China is also an important export destination for several countries in the region, especially since China has represented more t ...
... United States is an important trading partner for South America as it imports oil from Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia, and manufactured goods from Peru, Chile and Brazil. China is also an important export destination for several countries in the region, especially since China has represented more t ...
ge09 korhonen 9109401 en
... Globalization has been one of the major events in the world economy in the last two decades. China and India played only a marginal role in the world economy before the 1990s. While China was a predominantly agrarian economy before 1980, it is now to a large extent a modern industrial economy with b ...
... Globalization has been one of the major events in the world economy in the last two decades. China and India played only a marginal role in the world economy before the 1990s. While China was a predominantly agrarian economy before 1980, it is now to a large extent a modern industrial economy with b ...
here - Global Innovation Index
... and outputs are of equal quality and impact. BRICs are the best performers among middle-income countries on 3 key indicators included this year • top 3 universities, • patent family applications • publications citations Top 18 positions taken by high-income economies. Among middle-income countries, ...
... and outputs are of equal quality and impact. BRICs are the best performers among middle-income countries on 3 key indicators included this year • top 3 universities, • patent family applications • publications citations Top 18 positions taken by high-income economies. Among middle-income countries, ...
PANEL DISCUSSION IMPLICATIONS OF GROWTH THEORY FOR MACRO-POLICY: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED~
... ideas and technologies are essential to fostering world growth and real convergence among nations. However, this conclusion has been hotly questioned recently because of the impact of increasing globalization on unemployment and the wage rates of low-skilled labor in developed economies. What does e ...
... ideas and technologies are essential to fostering world growth and real convergence among nations. However, this conclusion has been hotly questioned recently because of the impact of increasing globalization on unemployment and the wage rates of low-skilled labor in developed economies. What does e ...
ING International Trade Study Russia
... About the International Trade Study by ING The ING International Trade Study aims to help ING’s (inter)national clients develop their knowledge and capabilities for doing business across borders, and to contribute to the public debate on internationalization. We do this by generating valuable insigh ...
... About the International Trade Study by ING The ING International Trade Study aims to help ING’s (inter)national clients develop their knowledge and capabilities for doing business across borders, and to contribute to the public debate on internationalization. We do this by generating valuable insigh ...
BRIC
In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development. It is typically rendered as ""the BRICs"" or ""the BRIC countries"" or ""the BRIC economies"" or alternatively as the ""Big Four"". A related acronym, BRICS, includes South Africa.The acronym was coined in 2001 by Jim O'Neill from investment bank Goldman Sachs in a paper entitled ""Building Better Global Economic BRICs."" The acronym has come into widespread use as a symbol of the apparent shift in global economic power away from the developed G7 economies towards the developing world.Projections on the future power of the BRIC economies vary widely. Some sources suggest that they might overtake the G7 economies by 2027. More modestly, Goldman Sachs has argued that, although the four BRIC countries are developing rapidly, it was only by 2050 that their combined economies could eclipse the combined economies of the current richest countries of the world.In 2010, however, while the four BRIC countries accounted for over a quarter of the world's land area and more than 40% of the world's population, they accounted for only one-quarter of the world gross national income.According to a paper published in 2005, Mexico and South Korea were the only other countries comparable to the BRICs, but their economies were excluded initially because they were considered already more developed, as they were already members of the OECD. The same creator of the term ""BRIC"" endorsed the term MINT, that includes Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey.Goldman Sachs did not argue that the BRICs would organize themselves into an economic bloc, or a formal trading association, as the European Union has done. However, there are some indications that the ""four BRIC countries have been seeking to form a 'political club' or 'alliance'"", and thereby converting ""their growing economic power into greater geopolitical clout"". On June 16, 2009, the leaders of the BRIC countries held their first summit in Yekaterinburg, and issued a declaration calling for the establishment of an equitable, democratic and multipolar world order. Since then they have met in Brasília in 2010, met in Sanya, on China's Hainan Island in 2011 and in New Delhi, India, in 2012.Some other developing countries that have not yet reached the N-11 economic level, such as South Africa, aspired to BRIC status.South Africa was subsequently successful in joining the bloc, despite the fact that economists at the Reuters 2011 Investment Outlook Summit dismissed the prospects of South African success. Jim O'Neill, for example, told the summit that South Africa, at a population of under 50 million people, was just too small an economy to join the BRIC ranks. However, after the BRIC countries formed a political organization among themselves, they later expanded to include South Africa, becoming the BRICS.Several of the more developed of the N-11 countries, in particular Turkey, Mexico, Indonesia and South Korea, were seen as the most likely contenders to the BRICs.In recent years, the BRICs have received increasing scholarly attention. Brazilian political economist Marcos Prado Troyjo and French investment banker Christian Déséglise founded the BRICLab at Columbia University, a Forum examining the strategic, political and economic consequences of the rise of BRIC countries, especially by analyzing their projects for power, prosperity and prestige through graduate courses, special sessions with guest speakers, Executive Education programs, and annual conferences for policymakers, business and academic leaders, and students.