Medical Veterinary Entomology
... in first-instar larvae, the cuticle spines of which are numerous compared with those on L2 and L3. These spines and oral hooks allow for larval attachment, permit quick L1 displacement on the nasal mucosa and contribute to the rhinitis process. By contrast, L2 and L3 larvae lose their dorsal spines, ...
... in first-instar larvae, the cuticle spines of which are numerous compared with those on L2 and L3. These spines and oral hooks allow for larval attachment, permit quick L1 displacement on the nasal mucosa and contribute to the rhinitis process. By contrast, L2 and L3 larvae lose their dorsal spines, ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... ANS structures in the PNS – ganglionic neurons, the adrenal medulla, and all autonomic ganglia – derive from the neural crest ...
... ANS structures in the PNS – ganglionic neurons, the adrenal medulla, and all autonomic ganglia – derive from the neural crest ...
This is all we can do!
... energy used in neurons and muscle cells maintaining resting potential • Sodium-potassium “pump” actively moves + ions out of cell so that inside cell is -70mV relative to outside • Happens at sub-microscopic molecular level (“pump” is protein structures in cell membrane) • Happens at micro-time scal ...
... energy used in neurons and muscle cells maintaining resting potential • Sodium-potassium “pump” actively moves + ions out of cell so that inside cell is -70mV relative to outside • Happens at sub-microscopic molecular level (“pump” is protein structures in cell membrane) • Happens at micro-time scal ...
evolution of the first nervous systems ii
... It is evident that many of the ion channel variants involved in propagating signals in the earliest multicellular life-forms were already present in the protozoa. In fact propagating impulses were the end product of at least three different evolutionary time-lines. Each timeline co-opted much the sa ...
... It is evident that many of the ion channel variants involved in propagating signals in the earliest multicellular life-forms were already present in the protozoa. In fact propagating impulses were the end product of at least three different evolutionary time-lines. Each timeline co-opted much the sa ...
Beta 1-adrenergic receptor-directed autoimmunity as a cause of
... thereby also (c) affect receptor activity [16,30]. The sequence of pathophysiological events, however, which leads to the generation of functionally active anti-β1AR in the human has not yet been clarified. Homologies between myocyte surface molecules such as membrane receptors and microbial determi ...
... thereby also (c) affect receptor activity [16,30]. The sequence of pathophysiological events, however, which leads to the generation of functionally active anti-β1AR in the human has not yet been clarified. Homologies between myocyte surface molecules such as membrane receptors and microbial determi ...
Obstacles to ideal anti-HIV antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
... potential of NK cells by genetic determinants through an ontological process termed education [25–28]. As such, it is uncertain that all individuals carry NK cells capable of mediating sufficient Ab-dependent effector functions to provide protection against incoming viral infections via this immune r ...
... potential of NK cells by genetic determinants through an ontological process termed education [25–28]. As such, it is uncertain that all individuals carry NK cells capable of mediating sufficient Ab-dependent effector functions to provide protection against incoming viral infections via this immune r ...
Role of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 and its ligands during
... versus CCL21 may allow CCR7 to exert differential effects within tissue for the following reasons. 1) CCL21 has an affinity more than 10-fold higher than CCL19 for binding collagen and other extracellular molecules, thus allowing it to be a better candidate to form an immobilized chemokine gradient ...
... versus CCL21 may allow CCR7 to exert differential effects within tissue for the following reasons. 1) CCL21 has an affinity more than 10-fold higher than CCL19 for binding collagen and other extracellular molecules, thus allowing it to be a better candidate to form an immobilized chemokine gradient ...
Review Immunoglobulins in Defense, Pathogenesis, and Therapy of Fungal Diseases
... in host defense against fungi, and they have brought about a paradigm shift in our thinking on this question. Prior to the 1990s, AMI was considered to be irrelevant in host defense against fungi (for review, see Casadevall, 1995), as the experimental methods that were in use at the time were not ab ...
... in host defense against fungi, and they have brought about a paradigm shift in our thinking on this question. Prior to the 1990s, AMI was considered to be irrelevant in host defense against fungi (for review, see Casadevall, 1995), as the experimental methods that were in use at the time were not ab ...
Characterization of a surface antigen of Type="Italic
... E. nieschulzi sporozoites, we conclude that mcab 3C3 recognizes a surface antigen on these organisms. This was also confirmed by immunoprecipitation data, since mcab 3C3 immunoprecipitates a radioactive protein comigrating with polypeptide found by iodinating sporozoites via the lactoperoxidase proc ...
... E. nieschulzi sporozoites, we conclude that mcab 3C3 recognizes a surface antigen on these organisms. This was also confirmed by immunoprecipitation data, since mcab 3C3 immunoprecipitates a radioactive protein comigrating with polypeptide found by iodinating sporozoites via the lactoperoxidase proc ...
Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 Document
... major group, the arthropods. Additions of more nerve cells and greater concentrations of these in specific body areas allow arthropods to become aware of and to respond more quickly to stimuli. ...
... major group, the arthropods. Additions of more nerve cells and greater concentrations of these in specific body areas allow arthropods to become aware of and to respond more quickly to stimuli. ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
Microbial Killing: Oxidants, Proteases Dispatch and Ions
... render the host sensitive to infection by gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli [7], while cathepsin G-deficient neutrophils are reportedly sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus [8]. While the oxidative and proteolytic arms of the microbicidal response have been gene ...
... render the host sensitive to infection by gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli [7], while cathepsin G-deficient neutrophils are reportedly sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus [8]. While the oxidative and proteolytic arms of the microbicidal response have been gene ...
Differentiation of memory B and T cells
... needed for the survival of MBCs, the presence of a BCR on MBCs as well as on naı̈ve B cells is required [20]. B-cell activating factor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, is important for the survival of naı̈ve B cells [21] as well as plasmablasts derived from MBCs [22]. However, it ...
... needed for the survival of MBCs, the presence of a BCR on MBCs as well as on naı̈ve B cells is required [20]. B-cell activating factor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, is important for the survival of naı̈ve B cells [21] as well as plasmablasts derived from MBCs [22]. However, it ...
Asymptomatic infection with American cutaneous
... symptomatic infection was measured. As expected, symptomatic clinical infections led to protective immunity and relatively permanent MST responsiveness. However, the most important finding was that asymptomatic infection also led to protective immunity that positively correlated with MST induration ...
... symptomatic infection was measured. As expected, symptomatic clinical infections led to protective immunity and relatively permanent MST responsiveness. However, the most important finding was that asymptomatic infection also led to protective immunity that positively correlated with MST induration ...
chapter 43 The Nervous System
... Two of the most important kinds of neuroglia in verteare Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, which promyelin sheaths that surround the axons of many IllBErGlD.S. Schwarm cells produce myelin in the PNS, and oligoIiiEDl)qrtes produce myelin in the CNS. During development, cells wrap themselves around ...
... Two of the most important kinds of neuroglia in verteare Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, which promyelin sheaths that surround the axons of many IllBErGlD.S. Schwarm cells produce myelin in the PNS, and oligoIiiEDl)qrtes produce myelin in the CNS. During development, cells wrap themselves around ...
PowerPoint Slide Set Westen Psychology 2e
... If the summated activity at the axon hillock raises the membrane potential past threshold, an action ...
... If the summated activity at the axon hillock raises the membrane potential past threshold, an action ...
ulcerative colitis
... by reducing stool frequency, rectal bleeding, and sigmoidoscopic response.35 Recently, the role of ciprofloxacin, an antibacterial agent active against a broad spectrum of Gram positive and Gram negative microbes, has also been explored. A short course of ciprofloxacin did not increase the proportio ...
... by reducing stool frequency, rectal bleeding, and sigmoidoscopic response.35 Recently, the role of ciprofloxacin, an antibacterial agent active against a broad spectrum of Gram positive and Gram negative microbes, has also been explored. A short course of ciprofloxacin did not increase the proportio ...
The decidua—the maternal bed embracing the embryo—maintains
... in human [48]. They also have MHC-independent natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). In humans, peripheral and uterine NK cells represent two phenotypically distinct populations (Table 2). The majority of human peripheral NK cells express low density of CD56 (CD56dim) and high levels of the FCγRIII ...
... in human [48]. They also have MHC-independent natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). In humans, peripheral and uterine NK cells represent two phenotypically distinct populations (Table 2). The majority of human peripheral NK cells express low density of CD56 (CD56dim) and high levels of the FCγRIII ...
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. PNI takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics, pharmacology, molecular biology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology.The main interests of PNI are the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships between mental processes and health. PNI studies, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in health and disease; disorders of the neuroimmune system (autoimmune diseases; hypersensitivities; immune deficiency); and the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.