Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... A form of aversively motivated learning called fear conditioning occurs when a neutral conditioned stimulus is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS). UCS-evoked depolarization of amygdala neurons may instruct Hebbian plasticity that stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–uncondit ...
... A form of aversively motivated learning called fear conditioning occurs when a neutral conditioned stimulus is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS). UCS-evoked depolarization of amygdala neurons may instruct Hebbian plasticity that stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–uncondit ...
Cross-Talk between Cancer Cells and the Tumour
... tumour progression will likely involve an integrated response to eicosanoid signalling pathways. Apart from malignant cells, the TME consists of cells of the immune system, the tumour vasculature and lymphatics, and the extracellular matrix (for a concise description and summary of these cell types, ...
... tumour progression will likely involve an integrated response to eicosanoid signalling pathways. Apart from malignant cells, the TME consists of cells of the immune system, the tumour vasculature and lymphatics, and the extracellular matrix (for a concise description and summary of these cell types, ...
Ronald van Ree
... B-cells and antibodies have not received the attention they deserve compared to T-cells. They do however produce the antibodies that cause the disease!! Reasons to study IgE/IgG/IgA antibody responses: • They are a good read-out of the nature of the immune response • It needs to be established when ...
... B-cells and antibodies have not received the attention they deserve compared to T-cells. They do however produce the antibodies that cause the disease!! Reasons to study IgE/IgG/IgA antibody responses: • They are a good read-out of the nature of the immune response • It needs to be established when ...
- Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and
... altered gut microbiota. Long-term effects of EALs may be owing to epigenetic modulation of gene expression, which can result in a change in phenotype without altering genotype. For example, methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene is associated with decreased glucocorticoid receptor messenger ...
... altered gut microbiota. Long-term effects of EALs may be owing to epigenetic modulation of gene expression, which can result in a change in phenotype without altering genotype. For example, methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene is associated with decreased glucocorticoid receptor messenger ...
Gene Therapy in Lung Transplantation
... 3. IL-10, an ideal target gene for ischemiareperfusion injury and primary graft failure Primary graft dysfunction is a syndrome that typically occurs within the first 72 hours after lung transplantation and is characterized by hypoxemia, pulmonary edema and non-specific alveolar damage. Significant ...
... 3. IL-10, an ideal target gene for ischemiareperfusion injury and primary graft failure Primary graft dysfunction is a syndrome that typically occurs within the first 72 hours after lung transplantation and is characterized by hypoxemia, pulmonary edema and non-specific alveolar damage. Significant ...
Spinal motor neurons are regenerated after
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
Dopamine`s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... later, D1/5R agonists still have not successfully translated into clinical treatment. The challenges to the development of D1/5R agonists as therapeutics include a narrow inverted U-shaped dose response, whereby increasing doses actually impair cognition, e.g., as occurs with very high levels of end ...
... later, D1/5R agonists still have not successfully translated into clinical treatment. The challenges to the development of D1/5R agonists as therapeutics include a narrow inverted U-shaped dose response, whereby increasing doses actually impair cognition, e.g., as occurs with very high levels of end ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... Long–Evans hooded rats (n ⫽ 17) were used in this study. They were bred in the University of Utah animal facility from stock purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All procedures used on animals were reviewed and approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee and were consistent with N ...
... Long–Evans hooded rats (n ⫽ 17) were used in this study. They were bred in the University of Utah animal facility from stock purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All procedures used on animals were reviewed and approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee and were consistent with N ...
Effects of Acute and Neurotoxic Exposure in the Rat
... and in that sense interfered with learning. Those doses produced a general disruption of lever pressing under all procedures, probably by inducing stereotypies that were incompatible with lever pressing. In general, these findings are consistent with those obtained in studies that examined the effec ...
... and in that sense interfered with learning. Those doses produced a general disruption of lever pressing under all procedures, probably by inducing stereotypies that were incompatible with lever pressing. In general, these findings are consistent with those obtained in studies that examined the effec ...
THE EVOLUTION OF MIMICRY IN PARASITES Amy Hurford
... parasite or self origin, that have immunological significance. During central tolerance, to avoid autoimmune disease, each immature lymphocyte is tested with self epitopes, and lymphocytes that are strongly self-reactive are destroyed (Goodnow et. al. 2005, Hogquist et. al. 2005). When lymphocytes a ...
... parasite or self origin, that have immunological significance. During central tolerance, to avoid autoimmune disease, each immature lymphocyte is tested with self epitopes, and lymphocytes that are strongly self-reactive are destroyed (Goodnow et. al. 2005, Hogquist et. al. 2005). When lymphocytes a ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... with a mid-gray field of equal mean luminance. Voxels with correlations above a liberal threshold (r \0.23 with 0–9 s time lag) were included in further analyses. This correlation threshold of r\0.23 corresponds to a PB 0.025 (one-tailed) significance level with n =72 given that the 72 points in the ...
... with a mid-gray field of equal mean luminance. Voxels with correlations above a liberal threshold (r \0.23 with 0–9 s time lag) were included in further analyses. This correlation threshold of r\0.23 corresponds to a PB 0.025 (one-tailed) significance level with n =72 given that the 72 points in the ...
Oral inoculation of chickens with a candidate fowl
... response. In this project, FAdV-9 ORF1 was verified as a functional dUTPase and its molecular features were characterized, including transcription and protein expression patterns and cellular localization. A dUTPase knockout virus (ORF1stop) and its rescued revertant (resORF1) were generated. Functi ...
... response. In this project, FAdV-9 ORF1 was verified as a functional dUTPase and its molecular features were characterized, including transcription and protein expression patterns and cellular localization. A dUTPase knockout virus (ORF1stop) and its rescued revertant (resORF1) were generated. Functi ...
Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by
... Bradycardic responses to bilateral microinjections of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline were attenuated by exercise training. These data indicate that alterations in neurotransmission at the level of the NTS significantly contribute to cardiovascular and autonomic regulation after chronic exercise. T ...
... Bradycardic responses to bilateral microinjections of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline were attenuated by exercise training. These data indicate that alterations in neurotransmission at the level of the NTS significantly contribute to cardiovascular and autonomic regulation after chronic exercise. T ...
T Cell Memory in the Context of Persistent Herpes Viral Infections
... little or absent homeostatic turnover and their persistence has been shown to be intimately dependent on CD103 interacting with E-cadherin expressed on epithelial cells. Also the interaction with extracellular matrix, but in this case mediated by VLA-1 binding to type IV Collagen in the lung airways ...
... little or absent homeostatic turnover and their persistence has been shown to be intimately dependent on CD103 interacting with E-cadherin expressed on epithelial cells. Also the interaction with extracellular matrix, but in this case mediated by VLA-1 binding to type IV Collagen in the lung airways ...
The State of Melanoma Research
... although this kind of approach carries with it serious sideeffects (the equivalent of immune “chemotherapy”). A more recent approach involves administering antibodies against the T-cell surface inhibitory molecule CTLA-4, which can result in immune responses against melanoma in a subset of patients, ...
... although this kind of approach carries with it serious sideeffects (the equivalent of immune “chemotherapy”). A more recent approach involves administering antibodies against the T-cell surface inhibitory molecule CTLA-4, which can result in immune responses against melanoma in a subset of patients, ...
Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Remodelling in - (BORA)
... 5% of workers exposed to diisocyanates develop asthma, which may persist indefinitely even in the absence of continued exposure [4]. Clinically, diisocyanate asthma displays similar manifestations to allergic asthma induced by high molecular weight allergens, suggesting common pathogenic processes, a ...
... 5% of workers exposed to diisocyanates develop asthma, which may persist indefinitely even in the absence of continued exposure [4]. Clinically, diisocyanate asthma displays similar manifestations to allergic asthma induced by high molecular weight allergens, suggesting common pathogenic processes, a ...
17_MHC antigen processing and presentation(EN)GPv2.32
... Pathogens try to evade the immune response by disabling the MHC I expression of the host cells NK cells possess various inhibitory NK cell receptors which recognise different MHC class I molecules. Decreased or missing MHC I molecule expression on the target cells results NK cell activation. • Abse ...
... Pathogens try to evade the immune response by disabling the MHC I expression of the host cells NK cells possess various inhibitory NK cell receptors which recognise different MHC class I molecules. Decreased or missing MHC I molecule expression on the target cells results NK cell activation. • Abse ...
Vitamin D deficiency(common) - Rajiv Gandhi University of Health
... of vitamin D to suppress T cell proliferation. Lempire and colleagues first reported that vitamin D3 preferentially inhibited T helper cells (Th1) which is closely associated with cellular immunity (8). Th17 cells play an essential role in combating certain pathogens, but they have been linked to ti ...
... of vitamin D to suppress T cell proliferation. Lempire and colleagues first reported that vitamin D3 preferentially inhibited T helper cells (Th1) which is closely associated with cellular immunity (8). Th17 cells play an essential role in combating certain pathogens, but they have been linked to ti ...
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e
... 21) The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________. A) cellular immunity (cellular-mediated immunity) B) complement fixation C) positive chemotaxis D) diapedesis Answer: B Page Ref: 410 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 22) Small proteins known as ...
... 21) The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surface is called ________. A) cellular immunity (cellular-mediated immunity) B) complement fixation C) positive chemotaxis D) diapedesis Answer: B Page Ref: 410 Bloom's: 1) Knowledge 22) Small proteins known as ...
a Functional Region of Difference-1 Mycobacterial Virulence and the
... against infection with M.tb, again suggesting a role for CD8 T cells (12–14). However, as CD4 cells were also induced in these studies, they did not conclusively show that CD8 cells were required. In fact, two recent studies showed that induction of a CD8 response against a specific epitope from TB1 ...
... against infection with M.tb, again suggesting a role for CD8 T cells (12–14). However, as CD4 cells were also induced in these studies, they did not conclusively show that CD8 cells were required. In fact, two recent studies showed that induction of a CD8 response against a specific epitope from TB1 ...
The role of carbohydrate in the antigenic and immunogenic structure
... (from Clostridium perfringens; Sigma) and endo-fl-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (O-glycanase; Genzyme). Incubation with N-glyeanase was carried out in 0.2 M-sodium phosphate buffer pH 8-6, 50 mM-EDTA, whereas digestion ~vith endo F was performed in 0-1 M-sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.1, 50 mM-EDTA. Usual ...
... (from Clostridium perfringens; Sigma) and endo-fl-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (O-glycanase; Genzyme). Incubation with N-glyeanase was carried out in 0.2 M-sodium phosphate buffer pH 8-6, 50 mM-EDTA, whereas digestion ~vith endo F was performed in 0-1 M-sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.1, 50 mM-EDTA. Usual ...
Psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. PNI takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics, pharmacology, molecular biology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology.The main interests of PNI are the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships between mental processes and health. PNI studies, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in health and disease; disorders of the neuroimmune system (autoimmune diseases; hypersensitivities; immune deficiency); and the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.