High mortality among young Wetterhoun dogs due to an
... During this research project we tried to find out more about the origin of this immunological problem in the Wetterhoun dogs. Because of the small size of the population, the mortality problem has a big impact on this breed. Furthermore the timing is very poor. The pups die at the age of eight to tw ...
... During this research project we tried to find out more about the origin of this immunological problem in the Wetterhoun dogs. Because of the small size of the population, the mortality problem has a big impact on this breed. Furthermore the timing is very poor. The pups die at the age of eight to tw ...
Nuclear calcium is required for human T cell activation
... pan-T cells with expression vectors for either CaMBP4 fused to mCherry (CaMBP4.mCherry) or mCherry as a control. CaMBP4.mCherry is a nuclear protein that contains four repeats of the M13 binding peptide that binds to and thereby inactivates the nuclear calcium/CaM complex (Wang et al., 1995). It is ...
... pan-T cells with expression vectors for either CaMBP4 fused to mCherry (CaMBP4.mCherry) or mCherry as a control. CaMBP4.mCherry is a nuclear protein that contains four repeats of the M13 binding peptide that binds to and thereby inactivates the nuclear calcium/CaM complex (Wang et al., 1995). It is ...
Persistence T Cell Function during Viral + CD8 Memory Generation
... During infection with viruses that establish latency, the immune system needs to maintain lifelong control of the infectious agent in the presence of persistent Ag. By using a ␥-herpesvirus (␥HV) infection model, we demonstrate that a small number of virus-specific central-memory CD8ⴙ T cells develo ...
... During infection with viruses that establish latency, the immune system needs to maintain lifelong control of the infectious agent in the presence of persistent Ag. By using a ␥-herpesvirus (␥HV) infection model, we demonstrate that a small number of virus-specific central-memory CD8ⴙ T cells develo ...
Eliminating latent tuberculosis - Institute of Infectious Disease and
... persons who are co-infected with HIV: the 5%–10% lifetime risk of disease is increased to a 5%–10% annual risk in association with HIV infection, resulting in dramatic increases in TB rates in sub-Saharan Africa [5]. In addition to efforts to enhance protective immunity by vaccination before infecti ...
... persons who are co-infected with HIV: the 5%–10% lifetime risk of disease is increased to a 5%–10% annual risk in association with HIV infection, resulting in dramatic increases in TB rates in sub-Saharan Africa [5]. In addition to efforts to enhance protective immunity by vaccination before infecti ...
Effects of temperature on fish immune defences
... This thermosensitive step can be a very early event, such as Tcell receptor–CD3 transmembrane signalling and/or G-protein activation. Low temperatures would exert their influence at the level of the T helper plasma membrane. Consequently, studies were conducted to identify the event preceding protei ...
... This thermosensitive step can be a very early event, such as Tcell receptor–CD3 transmembrane signalling and/or G-protein activation. Low temperatures would exert their influence at the level of the T helper plasma membrane. Consequently, studies were conducted to identify the event preceding protei ...
Artificial Immune Systems
... and molecules forms a complex network leading to the detection and recognition of pathogens within the body. This is followed by a specific effector response aimed at eliminating the pathogen. This recognition and response process is vastly complicated with many of the details not yet properly under ...
... and molecules forms a complex network leading to the detection and recognition of pathogens within the body. This is followed by a specific effector response aimed at eliminating the pathogen. This recognition and response process is vastly complicated with many of the details not yet properly under ...
Oncogenic herpesviruses: viral mechanisms and modified immune
... In the past couple of decades experimental and epidemiologic data indicate that certain viruses have the capability to facilitate or even cause cancer by contributing to different steps in ...
... In the past couple of decades experimental and epidemiologic data indicate that certain viruses have the capability to facilitate or even cause cancer by contributing to different steps in ...
Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease - Direct-MS
... well as loss of immunity to re-infection occurs unless natural Treg cells are reconstituted14. Natural Treg cells may also maintain immunity to other chronic infections in which ‘poor-quality’ effectors are generated and pathogen persistence is required. All of these models show that a natural Treg ...
... well as loss of immunity to re-infection occurs unless natural Treg cells are reconstituted14. Natural Treg cells may also maintain immunity to other chronic infections in which ‘poor-quality’ effectors are generated and pathogen persistence is required. All of these models show that a natural Treg ...
Protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii induced by DNA
... Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is responsible for toxoplasmosis in a wide range of hosts including humans, mammals, birds and marine mammals [1-5]. T. gondii infection in immune-competent individuals is rarely symptomatic, but toxoplasmosis occurred in fetus and imm ...
... Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is responsible for toxoplasmosis in a wide range of hosts including humans, mammals, birds and marine mammals [1-5]. T. gondii infection in immune-competent individuals is rarely symptomatic, but toxoplasmosis occurred in fetus and imm ...
Pro5® Pentamer Applications
... • Results of Pentamer staining can be combined with other techniques, (e.g. ELISPOT) to gain a full picture of an antigenspecific response ...
... • Results of Pentamer staining can be combined with other techniques, (e.g. ELISPOT) to gain a full picture of an antigenspecific response ...
Predicting pathogen-specific CD8 T cell immune responses
... Vaccinia virus infection provides protection against variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, and stands as the classic example of a successful vaccine that confers life long protection. Vaccinia virus, an orthopoxvirus, is a large virus with a double-stranded DNA genome that replicates in th ...
... Vaccinia virus infection provides protection against variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, and stands as the classic example of a successful vaccine that confers life long protection. Vaccinia virus, an orthopoxvirus, is a large virus with a double-stranded DNA genome that replicates in th ...
Cutting Edge: CTLA-4 on Effector T Cells Inhibits In Trans
... decreases the expansion of CTLA-4 KO T cells to WT levels at all time points (Fig. 2C). In fact, in mice harboring both types of T cells, the CTLA-4–deficient 5C.C7 T cells exhibit expansion, contraction, and maintenance exactly equivalent to those of WT 5C.C7 T cells (Fig. 2C). Considering potentia ...
... decreases the expansion of CTLA-4 KO T cells to WT levels at all time points (Fig. 2C). In fact, in mice harboring both types of T cells, the CTLA-4–deficient 5C.C7 T cells exhibit expansion, contraction, and maintenance exactly equivalent to those of WT 5C.C7 T cells (Fig. 2C). Considering potentia ...
- Future Medicine
... the intestinal mucosa [2,3] . The depletion of GI tract CD4 + T cells has been associated with increased translocation of microbial products from the intestinal lumen into the blood stream, which can trigger the innate immune system to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chronic immune activation ...
... the intestinal mucosa [2,3] . The depletion of GI tract CD4 + T cells has been associated with increased translocation of microbial products from the intestinal lumen into the blood stream, which can trigger the innate immune system to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chronic immune activation ...
Lee_washington_0250E_11503
... utilizes a set of pathogen-resistance mechanisms that are not specific to a particular microbe. The innate immune system is comprised of physical and anatomic barriers such as skin and mucus, phagocytic cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, and antimicrobial and inflammatory co ...
... utilizes a set of pathogen-resistance mechanisms that are not specific to a particular microbe. The innate immune system is comprised of physical and anatomic barriers such as skin and mucus, phagocytic cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, and antimicrobial and inflammatory co ...
Response to Recipient CMV Antigen Transplantable and Expand In
... inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor NKG2A recognizes the nonclassical class I allele HLA-E (5), and the activating receptor NKG2C also has been shown to recognize HLA-E, albeit with lower affinity than its inhibitory counterpart (6). With these receptors, NK cells monitor changes in the expressio ...
... inhibitory C-type lectin-like receptor NKG2A recognizes the nonclassical class I allele HLA-E (5), and the activating receptor NKG2C also has been shown to recognize HLA-E, albeit with lower affinity than its inhibitory counterpart (6). With these receptors, NK cells monitor changes in the expressio ...
Afzali Mini Medical IBD
... WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM? • Cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages) that defend the body against attack from infections • To eradicate infection, the immune system turns on, causes inflammation • Once an infection is eliminated, the immune system knows how to turn itself off Photo courtesy of Scott ...
... WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM? • Cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages) that defend the body against attack from infections • To eradicate infection, the immune system turns on, causes inflammation • Once an infection is eliminated, the immune system knows how to turn itself off Photo courtesy of Scott ...
CD4 T cells promote tissue inflammation via CD40 signaling without
... liver CD4 T cells revealed the selective infiltration of effector cells, which constitutively expressed a higher level of CD154 in comparison with their peripheral counterparts. IR triggered a significant liver increase in CD40 expression but not CD154 expression, and macrophages responded to toll-li ...
... liver CD4 T cells revealed the selective infiltration of effector cells, which constitutively expressed a higher level of CD154 in comparison with their peripheral counterparts. IR triggered a significant liver increase in CD40 expression but not CD154 expression, and macrophages responded to toll-li ...
Advances in Gene Therapy for Malignant Melanoma
... - allogeneic MHC class I genes - cytokine genes (GM-CSF, IL-2, IFNs, etc) - co-stimulatory molecules (B7.1) II. Gene Therapy Targeted to Host’s Immune Cells T cells - neomycin phosphotransferase gene - chimeric receptor (IL-2R/GM-CSFR) Dendritic cells - genes encoding melanoma antigens (MART-1/Melan ...
... - allogeneic MHC class I genes - cytokine genes (GM-CSF, IL-2, IFNs, etc) - co-stimulatory molecules (B7.1) II. Gene Therapy Targeted to Host’s Immune Cells T cells - neomycin phosphotransferase gene - chimeric receptor (IL-2R/GM-CSFR) Dendritic cells - genes encoding melanoma antigens (MART-1/Melan ...
in molecular innate immunity
... active forms of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Blander and Sander, 2012). ...
... active forms of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Blander and Sander, 2012). ...
Cellular-mediated and humoral immunity in children with autism
... activity of natural killer (NK) cells, increased monocyte activation, and a reduced number of CD4+ T cells11. In addition, a number of studies have reported abnormal antibody responses to brain and central nervous system proteins, skewed immunoglobulin (Ig) responses, such as decreased total serum I ...
... activity of natural killer (NK) cells, increased monocyte activation, and a reduced number of CD4+ T cells11. In addition, a number of studies have reported abnormal antibody responses to brain and central nervous system proteins, skewed immunoglobulin (Ig) responses, such as decreased total serum I ...
Regulatory T Helper Cells in Pregnancy and Tolerance Linköping University Post Print
... colony stimulating factor 1 (most commonly known as macrophage (M)-CSF15. Further, as compared with blood, more T cells in decidua produce IL-4 whereas fewer produce IFN-γ16. These findings of dominating Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human decidua are in line with Wegman’s observations in ...
... colony stimulating factor 1 (most commonly known as macrophage (M)-CSF15. Further, as compared with blood, more T cells in decidua produce IL-4 whereas fewer produce IFN-γ16. These findings of dominating Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human decidua are in line with Wegman’s observations in ...
D9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates allogeneic host-versus
... recipient. The 4 major categories of immunosuppressive drugs used today include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antiproliferatives, and mTOR inhibitors. These antirejection treatments focus largely on halting alloreactive T cell activation or proliferation in the host. By causing global inh ...
... recipient. The 4 major categories of immunosuppressive drugs used today include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antiproliferatives, and mTOR inhibitors. These antirejection treatments focus largely on halting alloreactive T cell activation or proliferation in the host. By causing global inh ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑