The vitamin D receptor and T cell function
... Allelic variants of the VDR gene occur naturally in the human population. Even though interpretation of these polymorphic variants in relation to different diseases is difficult due to the small numbers of subjects included in the performed studies, an association with disease risk has been suggeste ...
... Allelic variants of the VDR gene occur naturally in the human population. Even though interpretation of these polymorphic variants in relation to different diseases is difficult due to the small numbers of subjects included in the performed studies, an association with disease risk has been suggeste ...
Responses of Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells to Pathogens
... inadequate/too low, contamination of the endometrium with specific pathogens may persist. If full clearance of pathogens does not occur, the inflammation will continue and cause endometritis (Chapwanya et al., 2009). When the immune response is appropriate, clearance of pathogens normally occurs dur ...
... inadequate/too low, contamination of the endometrium with specific pathogens may persist. If full clearance of pathogens does not occur, the inflammation will continue and cause endometritis (Chapwanya et al., 2009). When the immune response is appropriate, clearance of pathogens normally occurs dur ...
Filip Čulo
... cells which escape the direct killing with sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide are, for about three weeks, more sensitive to an immunological attack of immunological cells. When these cells are transferred into normal recipient, their translatability is decreased and sensitivity to lytic action of im ...
... cells which escape the direct killing with sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide are, for about three weeks, more sensitive to an immunological attack of immunological cells. When these cells are transferred into normal recipient, their translatability is decreased and sensitivity to lytic action of im ...
The 2016 Faculty Scholars
... Maitreya Dunham uses comparative genomics and experimental evolution techniques to investigate how yeast genomes evolve over time periods ranging from a few weeks to millions of years. Her research may lead to therapies that counter the evolution of drug resistance in fungal and bacterial pathogens, ...
... Maitreya Dunham uses comparative genomics and experimental evolution techniques to investigate how yeast genomes evolve over time periods ranging from a few weeks to millions of years. Her research may lead to therapies that counter the evolution of drug resistance in fungal and bacterial pathogens, ...
Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune
... experiments are neither technically nor ethically possible in humans. However, there is growing concern that laboratory mice do not reflect relevant aspects of the human immune system, which may account for failures to translate disease treatments from bench to bedside1–8. Laboratory mice live in ab ...
... experiments are neither technically nor ethically possible in humans. However, there is growing concern that laboratory mice do not reflect relevant aspects of the human immune system, which may account for failures to translate disease treatments from bench to bedside1–8. Laboratory mice live in ab ...
Respiratory and systemic humoral and cellular immune responses
... heterosubtypic influenza virus infection were investigated in pigs. Pigs are natural hosts for influenza virus and, like humans, they host both subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. Marked Het-I was observed when pigs were infected with H1N1 and subsequently challenged with H3N2. After challenge with H3N2, pigs i ...
... heterosubtypic influenza virus infection were investigated in pigs. Pigs are natural hosts for influenza virus and, like humans, they host both subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. Marked Het-I was observed when pigs were infected with H1N1 and subsequently challenged with H3N2. After challenge with H3N2, pigs i ...
Protein degradation systems in viral myocarditis leading to dilated
... The primary intracellular protein degradation systems, including the ubiquitin-proteasome and the lysosome pathways, have been emerging as central regulators of viral infectivity, inflammation, and viral pathogenicity. Viral myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium caused by virus in ...
... The primary intracellular protein degradation systems, including the ubiquitin-proteasome and the lysosome pathways, have been emerging as central regulators of viral infectivity, inflammation, and viral pathogenicity. Viral myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium caused by virus in ...
Acute susceptibility of aged mice to infection with Candida albicans
... that the syndrome was mediated either by host cytokines other than TNF-a, or by circulating fungal virulence factors. As mice age, the concentration of leucocytes in the blood rises [26]. This could account for the transient reduction in the number of viable yeasts in the brain of both the aged non- ...
... that the syndrome was mediated either by host cytokines other than TNF-a, or by circulating fungal virulence factors. As mice age, the concentration of leucocytes in the blood rises [26]. This could account for the transient reduction in the number of viable yeasts in the brain of both the aged non- ...
T Cell Nitric Oxide Regulates BAFF Expression and
... NOS22/2 mice had elevated levels of viral-specific IgG2a Abs after infection with influenza virus (9). On the other hand, NOproducing TNF-a/iNOS–producing DCs (Tip-DCs) are required for Ag-induced IgA production in the intestinal mucosa (10). This study suggested that NO produced by Tip-DCs in mucos ...
... NOS22/2 mice had elevated levels of viral-specific IgG2a Abs after infection with influenza virus (9). On the other hand, NOproducing TNF-a/iNOS–producing DCs (Tip-DCs) are required for Ag-induced IgA production in the intestinal mucosa (10). This study suggested that NO produced by Tip-DCs in mucos ...
Genetic analysis of innate immunity in resistance to
... characterization of the effects of various cellular and gene deficiencies on susceptibility. As a result, mouse models have been used with great success to elucidate the involvement of various cell populations in the defense against systemic infection. Effector cells In an attempt to characterize th ...
... characterization of the effects of various cellular and gene deficiencies on susceptibility. As a result, mouse models have been used with great success to elucidate the involvement of various cell populations in the defense against systemic infection. Effector cells In an attempt to characterize th ...
The role of different monocyte subsets and macrophages in asthma
... protein CCL2/MCP-1 produced by stimulated bronchial epithelial cells and rhinovirus-infected macrophages [37,38]. In addition, Th2-oriented cytokine such as human TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin) that can be released by bronchial epithelial cells and is over-expressed in asthmatic patients was sh ...
... protein CCL2/MCP-1 produced by stimulated bronchial epithelial cells and rhinovirus-infected macrophages [37,38]. In addition, Th2-oriented cytokine such as human TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin) that can be released by bronchial epithelial cells and is over-expressed in asthmatic patients was sh ...
Consumption of Rice Bran Increases Mucosal
... Dietary rice bran increased Lactobacillus colonization Given the associations of probiotic bacteria with the modulation of the mucosal immune system,21 we next determined the titers of the native gut Lactobacillus spp. in the rice bran–fed mice compared with the control group. Lactobacillus was chos ...
... Dietary rice bran increased Lactobacillus colonization Given the associations of probiotic bacteria with the modulation of the mucosal immune system,21 we next determined the titers of the native gut Lactobacillus spp. in the rice bran–fed mice compared with the control group. Lactobacillus was chos ...
Endocrine System
... hypothalamus, is considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It's often called the "master gland" because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands. The production and secretion of pituitary hormones can be influenced by factors such as emotions and seasonal chang ...
... hypothalamus, is considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It's often called the "master gland" because it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands. The production and secretion of pituitary hormones can be influenced by factors such as emotions and seasonal chang ...
Wall in Acute Kawasaki Disease Oligoclonal IgA Response in the
... diagnostic test is available, specific therapy cannot be developed, and prevention is not feasible. Clinical and epidemiologic features of KD strongly suggest an infectious etiology (1). These include the young age group affected, the clinical features of the illness, the occurrence of epidemics wit ...
... diagnostic test is available, specific therapy cannot be developed, and prevention is not feasible. Clinical and epidemiologic features of KD strongly suggest an infectious etiology (1). These include the young age group affected, the clinical features of the illness, the occurrence of epidemics wit ...
The relationship between expression of Toll
... Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immunity. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, they recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that ...
... Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immunity. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, they recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that ...
An Evaluation of the Efficiency of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus- In Vivo by
... transporter associated with antigen processing ...
... transporter associated with antigen processing ...
Autoimmune Diseases - The Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of
... tests before a correct diagnosis is made, which can sometimes take years. (7) ...
... tests before a correct diagnosis is made, which can sometimes take years. (7) ...
Individual cells in multicellular organisms are regulated by a vast
... To support studies of non-odorant GPCR function, we analyzed the pattern of GPCR expression across tissues and the relative abundance of each GPCR in individual tissues by quantifying mRNA levels for each of 353 non-odorant GPCRs in 41 tissues from adult mouse. Hierarchical clustering analysis revea ...
... To support studies of non-odorant GPCR function, we analyzed the pattern of GPCR expression across tissues and the relative abundance of each GPCR in individual tissues by quantifying mRNA levels for each of 353 non-odorant GPCRs in 41 tissues from adult mouse. Hierarchical clustering analysis revea ...
Sex steroid hormones
... autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases probably relates to a number of factors, e.g. difference in exposure to risk factors and response to therapy, together with the effects of sex steroid hormones on disease pathophysiology. The sex difference and the effect of sex steroid hormones sometimes coinc ...
... autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases probably relates to a number of factors, e.g. difference in exposure to risk factors and response to therapy, together with the effects of sex steroid hormones on disease pathophysiology. The sex difference and the effect of sex steroid hormones sometimes coinc ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑