Diseases of the Immune System
... Immune System Diseases - Autoimmune Diseases • Multiple sclerosis: myelin sheaths in the white matter of brain & spinal cord are destroyed • Causing muscle and neural deterioration, psychological issues, vision problems, chronic pain ...
... Immune System Diseases - Autoimmune Diseases • Multiple sclerosis: myelin sheaths in the white matter of brain & spinal cord are destroyed • Causing muscle and neural deterioration, psychological issues, vision problems, chronic pain ...
Lymphatic System and Immunity
... Cytotoxic T Cells • Activated by antigens on any body cell • Require stimulation from Helper T Cells • Destroys body cells infected with viruses • Destroys cancer cells • Cellular Immunity ...
... Cytotoxic T Cells • Activated by antigens on any body cell • Require stimulation from Helper T Cells • Destroys body cells infected with viruses • Destroys cancer cells • Cellular Immunity ...
T-cell development in the thymus
... positive selection, in the cortex. DP cells interact with self-antigens in the context of major histocompatabilty complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules. Those cells that engage antigen/MHC with an appropriate affinity survive, whereas those cells that interact with a weaker affinity die by apo ...
... positive selection, in the cortex. DP cells interact with self-antigens in the context of major histocompatabilty complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules. Those cells that engage antigen/MHC with an appropriate affinity survive, whereas those cells that interact with a weaker affinity die by apo ...
Historical Perspectives (cont.)
... Extended this observation to humans and described two types of phagocytic cells circulating in the blood, noted that some fixed cells were also capable of phagocytosis. ...
... Extended this observation to humans and described two types of phagocytic cells circulating in the blood, noted that some fixed cells were also capable of phagocytosis. ...
The innate immune system
... DC are present in those tissues that are in contact with the external environment, such as the skin and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They can also be found in an immature state in the blood. Once activated, they migrate to the lymph nodes where they interact with T c ...
... DC are present in those tissues that are in contact with the external environment, such as the skin and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They can also be found in an immature state in the blood. Once activated, they migrate to the lymph nodes where they interact with T c ...
Powerpoint version
... The MHC is a set of genes that code for glycoproteins on cell membranes and mark cells as “self” ...
... The MHC is a set of genes that code for glycoproteins on cell membranes and mark cells as “self” ...
Hi all, and so it begins with Week 1
... segmented neutrophils (segs). These cells are most numerous in the blood because of their capacity for phagocytosis, especially pathogenic bacteria (Garrels and Oatis, 2006). Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes in early inflammation, within 6-12 hours of injury. Their job is to ingest bacteri ...
... segmented neutrophils (segs). These cells are most numerous in the blood because of their capacity for phagocytosis, especially pathogenic bacteria (Garrels and Oatis, 2006). Neutrophils are the predominant phagocytes in early inflammation, within 6-12 hours of injury. Their job is to ingest bacteri ...
Chapter 39 Immunity from Disease
... from viruses. • Complement: help attract phagocytes to foreign cells and help destroy foreign cells • Natural Killer cells:type of white blood cell that destroy the body's own infected cells, may attack cells that form tumors ...
... from viruses. • Complement: help attract phagocytes to foreign cells and help destroy foreign cells • Natural Killer cells:type of white blood cell that destroy the body's own infected cells, may attack cells that form tumors ...
Binder AHCC_June04.qxd
... Infections are caused by the invasion and the multiplication of microorganisms in the body. We carry 500 to 1000 different species of bacteria throughout our body. Adequate immunity is therefore crucial in preventing infection. Several experiments confirmed AHCC’s competence for the control of infec ...
... Infections are caused by the invasion and the multiplication of microorganisms in the body. We carry 500 to 1000 different species of bacteria throughout our body. Adequate immunity is therefore crucial in preventing infection. Several experiments confirmed AHCC’s competence for the control of infec ...
Blood and its components_KEY
... a. The main function of red blood cells is: transport of oxygen ...
... a. The main function of red blood cells is: transport of oxygen ...
Defence against extracellular pathogens Innate defence molecules
... In addition to the local inflammatory effects at the site of infection, a body wide response to infection also occurs, termed the acute phase response. This is mediated primarily by systemic effects of the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor, that are variously produced ...
... In addition to the local inflammatory effects at the site of infection, a body wide response to infection also occurs, termed the acute phase response. This is mediated primarily by systemic effects of the cytokines interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor, that are variously produced ...
Three Lines of Defense Powerpoint
... 2. Three types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites. 3. Bacteria cause illnesses by releasing chemicals that are toxic to cells. 4. Viruses cause illnesses by injecting genetic information into cell, causing it to react and sometimes mutate. ...
... 2. Three types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites. 3. Bacteria cause illnesses by releasing chemicals that are toxic to cells. 4. Viruses cause illnesses by injecting genetic information into cell, causing it to react and sometimes mutate. ...
The Immune System The immune system allows the body to defend
... B-cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies. The antibodies are soluble globulin, glycoproteins (immunoglobulins) that make up the gamma globulin fraction of the plasma proteins. The antibodies are carried in the body fluids. When coming upon a specific antigen the antibody atta ...
... B-cells differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies. The antibodies are soluble globulin, glycoproteins (immunoglobulins) that make up the gamma globulin fraction of the plasma proteins. The antibodies are carried in the body fluids. When coming upon a specific antigen the antibody atta ...
Hypersensitivities
... Can’t make oxidative burst to make hydrogen peroxide to kill bacteria Phagocyte has bacteria sitting in it that it can’t kill Person will get lots of bacterial infections (no effects on viruses) HIV (acquired immune deficiency) Virus uses our machinery to make its own proteins carries RN ...
... Can’t make oxidative burst to make hydrogen peroxide to kill bacteria Phagocyte has bacteria sitting in it that it can’t kill Person will get lots of bacterial infections (no effects on viruses) HIV (acquired immune deficiency) Virus uses our machinery to make its own proteins carries RN ...
Supplementary Figure Legends (doc 28K)
... expression. Total cell lysates (25 μg) were subjected to SDS-PAGE, blotted, and probed with specific antibodies, as indicated. Equal protein loading was assessed using β-actin. ...
... expression. Total cell lysates (25 μg) were subjected to SDS-PAGE, blotted, and probed with specific antibodies, as indicated. Equal protein loading was assessed using β-actin. ...
Option D7: Antivirals
... They can replicate only by penetrating the living host cell and injecting their DNA or RNA into the cell’s cytoplasm. ...
... They can replicate only by penetrating the living host cell and injecting their DNA or RNA into the cell’s cytoplasm. ...
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: An X
... the binding of T lymphocytes to antigenpresenting cells through CD3 crosslinking. Without actin reorganization, CD3 is not properly presented at the cells surface and the T cell is not activated. Causes recurrent viral and fungal infections (as noted in symptoms). ...
... the binding of T lymphocytes to antigenpresenting cells through CD3 crosslinking. Without actin reorganization, CD3 is not properly presented at the cells surface and the T cell is not activated. Causes recurrent viral and fungal infections (as noted in symptoms). ...
Specific Resistance = Immunity
... secreting plasma cells (see details below for T-dependent antigens). 6) These signals also stimulate specific Tc cells to proliferate and activate. The Tc cells involved have their own receptors bound to class I - MHC. ...
... secreting plasma cells (see details below for T-dependent antigens). 6) These signals also stimulate specific Tc cells to proliferate and activate. The Tc cells involved have their own receptors bound to class I - MHC. ...
Document
... Some bacteria engulfed during phagocytosis avoid the killing mechanisms of the phagocyte to survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, in ...
... Some bacteria engulfed during phagocytosis avoid the killing mechanisms of the phagocyte to survive inside cells. Macrophages are a common targets for intracellular bacteria (e.g. Salmonella spp.) that live inside cell compartments. These bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibody but, in ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑