Short-Lived IFN-c Effector Responses, but Long-Lived IL
... Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 3 Vector Borne Disease Section, Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Chiang ...
... Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 3 Vector Borne Disease Section, Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Chiang ...
Immune response of the small intestinal mucosa in children with
... expressed at lower levels in CD patients compared to controls. In addition, IELs expressing RAG1 were less abundant in CD patients compared to controls. The levels of these two indicators stayed low in treated CD patients, suggesting that impaired capacity of ETCM is an inherent feature of CD. Seco ...
... expressed at lower levels in CD patients compared to controls. In addition, IELs expressing RAG1 were less abundant in CD patients compared to controls. The levels of these two indicators stayed low in treated CD patients, suggesting that impaired capacity of ETCM is an inherent feature of CD. Seco ...
The Science of HIV Vaccines
... proteins that work together to respond to, and limit, the damage or illness caused by invading organisms. The white blood cells (which are formed in the bone marrow) form three different ‘regiments’, namely phagocytes (including macrophages and dendritic cells), and two types of lymphocytes, T cells ...
... proteins that work together to respond to, and limit, the damage or illness caused by invading organisms. The white blood cells (which are formed in the bone marrow) form three different ‘regiments’, namely phagocytes (including macrophages and dendritic cells), and two types of lymphocytes, T cells ...
Inflammation plays a key role at all stages of the
... role of Th1 immunity in atherosclerosis were based on induction of disease by hypercholesterolemia suggests that the relevant autoantigen is a lipoprotein or possibly a protein modified by lipids. Most attention has focused on the role of oxidized LDL in these processes. Antibodies against oxidized ...
... role of Th1 immunity in atherosclerosis were based on induction of disease by hypercholesterolemia suggests that the relevant autoantigen is a lipoprotein or possibly a protein modified by lipids. Most attention has focused on the role of oxidized LDL in these processes. Antibodies against oxidized ...
Booster Vaccinations against Cancer Are Critical
... nated mice (2–4). In addition, DCs are best at priming a tumorspecific response, but less effective than tumor cell lysates in boosting long-term immune memory (5). Heterologous primeboost immunizations may also favor a larger pool of Agspecific CTLs and select for high-affinity T cells (6). Another un ...
... nated mice (2–4). In addition, DCs are best at priming a tumorspecific response, but less effective than tumor cell lysates in boosting long-term immune memory (5). Heterologous primeboost immunizations may also favor a larger pool of Agspecific CTLs and select for high-affinity T cells (6). Another un ...
Pathogens, Infection, and Innate Immunity
... does a fragile and slowly evolving human survive? Like all other multicellular organisms, we have evolved several mechanisms to resist infection by pathogens. First, physical barriers, such as our tough outer layers of skin, and associated chemical defenses, such as acid in the stomach, prevent most ...
... does a fragile and slowly evolving human survive? Like all other multicellular organisms, we have evolved several mechanisms to resist infection by pathogens. First, physical barriers, such as our tough outer layers of skin, and associated chemical defenses, such as acid in the stomach, prevent most ...
Gene Expression Measurement of Immuno
... Expressed on B-cells; enables optimal B-cell immune response against T-independent antigens ...
... Expressed on B-cells; enables optimal B-cell immune response against T-independent antigens ...
Distribution and Phenotype of Epstein-Barr Virus
... Ci/mmol; New England Nuclear, Dreieich, Germany) or, altematively, digoxigenin-ll-uridine-5'-triphosphate(Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany).38A mixture of EBER1- and EBER2specific RNA probes was applied to increase the sensitivity. In situ hybridization. The hybridization procedure with either ...
... Ci/mmol; New England Nuclear, Dreieich, Germany) or, altematively, digoxigenin-ll-uridine-5'-triphosphate(Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany).38A mixture of EBER1- and EBER2specific RNA probes was applied to increase the sensitivity. In situ hybridization. The hybridization procedure with either ...
Streptococcus pneumoniae Responses Without Altered
... The key hormones of the HPA axis have been shown to modulate immune function. Glucocorticoids have profound effects on immune system development and function (7). While generally considered immunosuppressive due to their ability to induce lymphocyte apoptosis and inhibit proinflammatory cytokine pro ...
... The key hormones of the HPA axis have been shown to modulate immune function. Glucocorticoids have profound effects on immune system development and function (7). While generally considered immunosuppressive due to their ability to induce lymphocyte apoptosis and inhibit proinflammatory cytokine pro ...
Animal Models of Leishmaniasis Relevant to
... • Only mice with healed primary lesions (live vaccinated mice) were significantly protected against infected sand fly challenge. • Rapidly-recruited, tissue-seeking, multifunctional cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells are the best immune correlates for protection. • These cells likely require persistent ...
... • Only mice with healed primary lesions (live vaccinated mice) were significantly protected against infected sand fly challenge. • Rapidly-recruited, tissue-seeking, multifunctional cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells are the best immune correlates for protection. • These cells likely require persistent ...
Variation in the Human Immune System Is Largely Driven by Non
... Although it is well known that the frequencies of different types of immune cells in blood often vary widely between individuals, in most cases it is not known how much of this can be attributed to heritable or non-heritable factors, respectively. To address this question, we used antibodies against ...
... Although it is well known that the frequencies of different types of immune cells in blood often vary widely between individuals, in most cases it is not known how much of this can be attributed to heritable or non-heritable factors, respectively. To address this question, we used antibodies against ...
The decidua—the maternal bed embracing the embryo—maintains
... embryo/fetus. Looking at the basic functions and characteristics of these immune cells, tracking the outcomes of deficiency or abnormality in each component of these immune subsets, we may be able to shed light on their roles and importance in normal and pathological conditions. ...
... embryo/fetus. Looking at the basic functions and characteristics of these immune cells, tracking the outcomes of deficiency or abnormality in each component of these immune subsets, we may be able to shed light on their roles and importance in normal and pathological conditions. ...
Hormonal Contraception and HIV Disease Progression
... shedding of cell-free or cell-associated virus). At least 3 studies have examined the impact of hormonal contraception on cervical shedding of cell-associated virus (measured by PCR detection of viral DNA in cervicovaginal secretions). All 3 studies demonstrated a positive relationship [11–13]. In a ...
... shedding of cell-free or cell-associated virus). At least 3 studies have examined the impact of hormonal contraception on cervical shedding of cell-associated virus (measured by PCR detection of viral DNA in cervicovaginal secretions). All 3 studies demonstrated a positive relationship [11–13]. In a ...
PDF - edoc - Universität Basel
... HIV-negative controls. Using a virosome-based vaccine as the source of antigen in the ELISpot assays provided an opportunity to further investigate the “helping” role of CD4+ T cells. We were also interested in influenza-specific IgG and IgM to further discriminate the “helping” role of CD4+ T cells ...
... HIV-negative controls. Using a virosome-based vaccine as the source of antigen in the ELISpot assays provided an opportunity to further investigate the “helping” role of CD4+ T cells. We were also interested in influenza-specific IgG and IgM to further discriminate the “helping” role of CD4+ T cells ...
Biologics in Rheumatoid arthritis… Where are we 15 years later?
... complexes but destructive disease can occur in their absence • Macrophages then migrate to the affected synovium mostly around vessel inflammation increasing macrophage-derived lining cells • Lymphocytes particularly the CD4+T cells infiltrate the synovium as well • Activated T-cells produce a varie ...
... complexes but destructive disease can occur in their absence • Macrophages then migrate to the affected synovium mostly around vessel inflammation increasing macrophage-derived lining cells • Lymphocytes particularly the CD4+T cells infiltrate the synovium as well • Activated T-cells produce a varie ...
Autoimmune disease and infection
... designed to provide protection against almost all infections. Furthermore, polymorphisms in genes that control the immune system ensure that the species as a whole can generate sufficient immunological diversity to survive any new infectious onslaught. The drawback to such a broadly responsive defen ...
... designed to provide protection against almost all infections. Furthermore, polymorphisms in genes that control the immune system ensure that the species as a whole can generate sufficient immunological diversity to survive any new infectious onslaught. The drawback to such a broadly responsive defen ...
Mucosal Immunity - University of Michigan
... lymphoid organs Process and present to T cells An essential link between innate and adaptive immunity May also represent the “Achille’s Heel” of the host? (Cutler et al. 2001) ...
... lymphoid organs Process and present to T cells An essential link between innate and adaptive immunity May also represent the “Achille’s Heel” of the host? (Cutler et al. 2001) ...
- Philsci
... understanding of evolutionary individuality. Surely, physiological individuality and evolutionary individuality are related, but how exactly? In particular, is it possible to attribute a precise role to the immune system in evolutionary transitions, that is, in the emergence of a new evolutionary un ...
... understanding of evolutionary individuality. Surely, physiological individuality and evolutionary individuality are related, but how exactly? In particular, is it possible to attribute a precise role to the immune system in evolutionary transitions, that is, in the emergence of a new evolutionary un ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑