Impact of IgA Constant Domain on HIV
... uman immunodeficiency virus infection occurs most often through the mucosal route via hetero- or homosexual contact. As expected, the adaptive immune system responds to HIV infection with production of HIV-specific Abs (1); however, numerous studies have clearly demonstrated the general inability of ...
... uman immunodeficiency virus infection occurs most often through the mucosal route via hetero- or homosexual contact. As expected, the adaptive immune system responds to HIV infection with production of HIV-specific Abs (1); however, numerous studies have clearly demonstrated the general inability of ...
ANTIGEN PRESENTATION and the MHC
... Production of antibody to most antigens requires not just B cells but also T cells. B cells take up antigen, then B cells process antigen and display processed peptides on MHC class II molecules. This process activates the B cell to make B7. T cells recognize MHC presented antigen and B7 co-stimulat ...
... Production of antibody to most antigens requires not just B cells but also T cells. B cells take up antigen, then B cells process antigen and display processed peptides on MHC class II molecules. This process activates the B cell to make B7. T cells recognize MHC presented antigen and B7 co-stimulat ...
Dialogue between skin microbiota and immunity
... controlled by defined members of the microbiota such as Propionibacterium species (31, 32). How AMPs, and more particularly the ones induced by the microbiota, shape microbial communities remains unclear, but this dialogue is likely to play a fundamental role in the skin microbial ecology. The skin ...
... controlled by defined members of the microbiota such as Propionibacterium species (31, 32). How AMPs, and more particularly the ones induced by the microbiota, shape microbial communities remains unclear, but this dialogue is likely to play a fundamental role in the skin microbial ecology. The skin ...
Cells Inhibits NK Cell Antitumor Activity GITR Ligand Provided by
... concomitant depletion of platelets and NK cells reverts the antimetastatic phenotype of thrombocytopenic mice (11–16). It has thus been proposed that platelets may protect tumor cells from NK-dependent antitumor immunity during their passage from the primary tumor to a metastatic site. NK cells are ...
... concomitant depletion of platelets and NK cells reverts the antimetastatic phenotype of thrombocytopenic mice (11–16). It has thus been proposed that platelets may protect tumor cells from NK-dependent antitumor immunity during their passage from the primary tumor to a metastatic site. NK cells are ...
Expression of NTRK1/TrkA affects immunogenicity of neuroblastoma
... comprising oncogene amplification or allelic loss, chromosomal ploidy and expression of neurotrophin receptors correlating to a different degree with clinical outcome.1 The ...
... comprising oncogene amplification or allelic loss, chromosomal ploidy and expression of neurotrophin receptors correlating to a different degree with clinical outcome.1 The ...
Supplementary Figure Legends Fig S1: RT
... (72h) and harvested in lysis buffer to be hybridized with pluripotent stem cell antibody arrays, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 1- represents the location of Sox2 on the array. B. A portion of the cell lysates from A was used for western blot analysis; this array validation experiment ...
... (72h) and harvested in lysis buffer to be hybridized with pluripotent stem cell antibody arrays, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 1- represents the location of Sox2 on the array. B. A portion of the cell lysates from A was used for western blot analysis; this array validation experiment ...
Tumor-Associated Macrophages - Roswell Park Cancer Institute
... tumor-initiating role through the generation of a persistent inflammatory responses to a variety of stimuli (Balkwill and Mantovani, 2012). For example, obesity is associated with increased risk of many but not all cancers (Grivennikov et al., 2010) and is characterized by an enhanced systemic infla ...
... tumor-initiating role through the generation of a persistent inflammatory responses to a variety of stimuli (Balkwill and Mantovani, 2012). For example, obesity is associated with increased risk of many but not all cancers (Grivennikov et al., 2010) and is characterized by an enhanced systemic infla ...
PLGA manuscript_final submission
... significantly, ACVs are widely acknowledged to be less protective than WCVs and require the inclusion of adjuvants that induce Th-1 cells to boost protective immunity. The immune response in humans induced by current ACVs with aluminium as an ...
... significantly, ACVs are widely acknowledged to be less protective than WCVs and require the inclusion of adjuvants that induce Th-1 cells to boost protective immunity. The immune response in humans induced by current ACVs with aluminium as an ...
Autograft Monocytes: The Bad Humors of Autologous Peripheral
... T-cell lymphocytes inhibition by immunosuppressive cytokines: MDSCs at the tumor site can differentiate into tumorassociated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs acquire the ability to produce immunosuppressive cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL10, transforming growth factor-β (TCFβ), and tumor- ...
... T-cell lymphocytes inhibition by immunosuppressive cytokines: MDSCs at the tumor site can differentiate into tumorassociated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs acquire the ability to produce immunosuppressive cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL10, transforming growth factor-β (TCFβ), and tumor- ...
The amphioxus immune system
... Even if the structure of the amphioxus vascular system has been extensively studied, free blood cells have not been clearly identified. Only Rhodes and coworkers (1982) described by electron microscope the presence in the perivisceral coelom of free cells able to phagocyte and similar to specialized ...
... Even if the structure of the amphioxus vascular system has been extensively studied, free blood cells have not been clearly identified. Only Rhodes and coworkers (1982) described by electron microscope the presence in the perivisceral coelom of free cells able to phagocyte and similar to specialized ...
CBS_Apr_7_05
... •Relatively easy to produce (not live) •Induce little CTL (viral and bacterial proteins are not produced within cells) •Classically produced by inactivating a whole virus or bacterium by heat or by chemicals •The vaccine may be purified further by selecting one or a few proteins which confer protect ...
... •Relatively easy to produce (not live) •Induce little CTL (viral and bacterial proteins are not produced within cells) •Classically produced by inactivating a whole virus or bacterium by heat or by chemicals •The vaccine may be purified further by selecting one or a few proteins which confer protect ...
Structured illumination microscopy reveals novel insights into
... contrast to this idea, we observed linear actin filaments that arise at the plasma membrane and project inward such that they are perpendicular to the plasma membrane and embedded in the branched actin network of the dSMAC. Morevover, as these filaments exit the inner aspect of the dSMAC, they splay ...
... contrast to this idea, we observed linear actin filaments that arise at the plasma membrane and project inward such that they are perpendicular to the plasma membrane and embedded in the branched actin network of the dSMAC. Morevover, as these filaments exit the inner aspect of the dSMAC, they splay ...
Trogocytic intercellular membrane exchanges among hematological
... HLA-G neo-expression has been detected in several human cancers including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the lung [12,28-32]. HLA-G expression by tumor cells has been shown to be important for the escape of immune surveillance by host T lymphocytes and ...
... HLA-G neo-expression has been detected in several human cancers including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma of the lung [12,28-32]. HLA-G expression by tumor cells has been shown to be important for the escape of immune surveillance by host T lymphocytes and ...
Poly I: C-activated dendritic cells that were generated in CellGro for
... to induce tumor-specific, long-lasting immune response that slows down the growth of tumor cells [1,2]. The induction of tumor immunity includes: 1) the presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells; 2) priming and activation of tumor antigens-specific T cells; and 3) homing of effector T cells ...
... to induce tumor-specific, long-lasting immune response that slows down the growth of tumor cells [1,2]. The induction of tumor immunity includes: 1) the presentation of tumor antigens by dendritic cells; 2) priming and activation of tumor antigens-specific T cells; and 3) homing of effector T cells ...
New Generation Vaccine Adjuvants
... materials, typical immune potentiators are purified components of bacterial cells or viruses, or synthetic molecules that mimic these structurally. Consequently, they are recognized as ‘danger signals’ by receptors present on immune cells, particularly APC, which are present to ‘sense’ when an organi ...
... materials, typical immune potentiators are purified components of bacterial cells or viruses, or synthetic molecules that mimic these structurally. Consequently, they are recognized as ‘danger signals’ by receptors present on immune cells, particularly APC, which are present to ‘sense’ when an organi ...
Natural Antimicrobial Peptides: Pleiotropic Molecules in Host Defense
... parasites, bacteria and viruses. But it is the innate immunity that is responsible for the rapid initial defense against the pathogen. The co-evolution of hosts and pathogens has led to a diverse group of peptides that the host produces in order to kill or reduce the infective microbes. These peptid ...
... parasites, bacteria and viruses. But it is the innate immunity that is responsible for the rapid initial defense against the pathogen. The co-evolution of hosts and pathogens has led to a diverse group of peptides that the host produces in order to kill or reduce the infective microbes. These peptid ...
The NLRP12 Sensor Negatively Regulates Autoinflammatory
... ascending paralysis during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); instead, Nlrp12 / mice developed atypical neuroinflammatory symptoms that were characterized by ataxia and loss of balance. Enhanced T-cell-mediated interleukin-4 (IL-4) production promotes the development of atypical EAE di ...
... ascending paralysis during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); instead, Nlrp12 / mice developed atypical neuroinflammatory symptoms that were characterized by ataxia and loss of balance. Enhanced T-cell-mediated interleukin-4 (IL-4) production promotes the development of atypical EAE di ...
Chap 18 AIDS and Immune Disorders
... • Occur more often in the elderly • Are more common in women than in men • May result when an individual begins to make autoantibodies or cytotoxic T cells against normal body components ...
... • Occur more often in the elderly • Are more common in women than in men • May result when an individual begins to make autoantibodies or cytotoxic T cells against normal body components ...
(From the Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda
... inferred from experiments in which cell lysis was found to be prevented by a sufficiently high concentration of osmotically active macromolecules (1, 2). These experiments indicated that with most hemolytic systems tested, the holes must be smaller than the diffusion radius of hemoglobin and albumin ...
... inferred from experiments in which cell lysis was found to be prevented by a sufficiently high concentration of osmotically active macromolecules (1, 2). These experiments indicated that with most hemolytic systems tested, the holes must be smaller than the diffusion radius of hemoglobin and albumin ...
Short-Lived IFN-c Effector Responses, but Long-Lived IL
... Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 3 Vector Borne Disease Section, Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Chiang ...
... Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 3 Vector Borne Disease Section, Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Chiang ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑