Viruses: Biological background
... It carries RNA as its nucleic acid, which it converts into DNA by using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. ...
... It carries RNA as its nucleic acid, which it converts into DNA by using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. ...
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID MALIGNANCIES
... EBV-infected cells to evade CTL.10) Although EBV latency patterns can be classified grossly into these four types, this classification is not very strict, and heterogeneous patterns are reported in EBV-associated diseases.24, 25) Patterns of viral gene expression can differ between different cell su ...
... EBV-infected cells to evade CTL.10) Although EBV latency patterns can be classified grossly into these four types, this classification is not very strict, and heterogeneous patterns are reported in EBV-associated diseases.24, 25) Patterns of viral gene expression can differ between different cell su ...
Artificial Immune Clonal Selection Classification Algorithms for
... and the other is the adaptive immune system. These two systems perform the defensive tasks complementarily. The core of the adaptive immune response is the clonal selection theory. When B-lymphocytes encounter antigens, they will activate B-lymphocytes to produce antibody molecules. Because antibody ...
... and the other is the adaptive immune system. These two systems perform the defensive tasks complementarily. The core of the adaptive immune response is the clonal selection theory. When B-lymphocytes encounter antigens, they will activate B-lymphocytes to produce antibody molecules. Because antibody ...
IFN-g from CD4 T Cells Is Essential for Host Survival and Enhances
... evaluated for ability to control M. tuberculosis infection. Three experimental groups were compared: 1) a control group lacking CD4 T cells (CTLAT), 2) a group in which CD4 T cells were from IFN-g2/2 mice (GammaAT), and 3) a group in which CD4 T cells were from WT mice (WTAT). In addition, the remai ...
... evaluated for ability to control M. tuberculosis infection. Three experimental groups were compared: 1) a control group lacking CD4 T cells (CTLAT), 2) a group in which CD4 T cells were from IFN-g2/2 mice (GammaAT), and 3) a group in which CD4 T cells were from WT mice (WTAT). In addition, the remai ...
Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration Neuroscience Immunology
... The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized, multi-cellular structure that functions as a selective diffusion barrier between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). It is composed of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) that are linked by complex tight junctions (T ...
... The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized, multi-cellular structure that functions as a selective diffusion barrier between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). It is composed of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) that are linked by complex tight junctions (T ...
Stem cells and aging from a quasiimmortal point of view
... defects [51]. Recent experiments with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from HGPS dermal fibroblasts [49] support the hypothesis that in HGPS patients the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) pool becomes exhausted [50]. In the aging process, many cellular activities are compromised. One important param ...
... defects [51]. Recent experiments with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from HGPS dermal fibroblasts [49] support the hypothesis that in HGPS patients the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) pool becomes exhausted [50]. In the aging process, many cellular activities are compromised. One important param ...
Factors influencing the immunogenicity of
... Classical immune reactions were first seen in association with the use of proteins of animal origin, such as antisera from horses and insulin from pigs and cattle. These animal proteins are foreign antigens to humans and result in immunization when they are administered. This classical reaction to ne ...
... Classical immune reactions were first seen in association with the use of proteins of animal origin, such as antisera from horses and insulin from pigs and cattle. These animal proteins are foreign antigens to humans and result in immunization when they are administered. This classical reaction to ne ...
NK cells and cancer: you can teach innate cells
... recurring virus infections, but also with an increased incidence of various types of cancer 2. NK cell functions are tightly regulated by a balance between activating and inhibitory signals (FIG. 1a) delivered by a multitude of receptors expressed at the cell surface3 (TABLE 1). Using these immune r ...
... recurring virus infections, but also with an increased incidence of various types of cancer 2. NK cell functions are tightly regulated by a balance between activating and inhibitory signals (FIG. 1a) delivered by a multitude of receptors expressed at the cell surface3 (TABLE 1). Using these immune r ...
Relevance of granulocyte apoptosis to resolution of
... The invading microbes are rendered highly visual to recruited granulocytes by comprehensive opsonization mediated by both complement-dependent and -independent means. They are then ingested (phagocytosed) by neutrophils or, if they should prove resistant to this because of size or learned subversion ...
... The invading microbes are rendered highly visual to recruited granulocytes by comprehensive opsonization mediated by both complement-dependent and -independent means. They are then ingested (phagocytosed) by neutrophils or, if they should prove resistant to this because of size or learned subversion ...
Simvastatin and Recombinant Antagonist of Receptors of Interleukin
... Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the main clinical phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both forms of IBD can increase the incidence of gastrointestinal and colon cancers, and both are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, they can begin ear ...
... Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the main clinical phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both forms of IBD can increase the incidence of gastrointestinal and colon cancers, and both are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, they can begin ear ...
Modeling the effector - regulatory T cell cross
... (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypical dynamics is not understood yet. In order to gain insight about the mechanisms that drive these relapsing-r ...
... (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypical dynamics is not understood yet. In order to gain insight about the mechanisms that drive these relapsing-r ...
Modeling the effector - regulatory T cell cross
... (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypical dynamics is not understood yet. In order to gain insight about the mechanisms that drive these relapsing-r ...
... (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypical dynamics is not understood yet. In order to gain insight about the mechanisms that drive these relapsing-r ...
Therapies for Chronic Lyme Disease Kent Holtorf, MD
... shown to safely and effectively improve and modulate specific parts of hormone production, immune function, the sleep cycle, the production of inflammatory mediators, DNA replication, cell division and renewal, cancer cell destruction and apoptosis, libido and sexual arousal, tissue healing and spec ...
... shown to safely and effectively improve and modulate specific parts of hormone production, immune function, the sleep cycle, the production of inflammatory mediators, DNA replication, cell division and renewal, cancer cell destruction and apoptosis, libido and sexual arousal, tissue healing and spec ...
The Regulatory Role of Invariant NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity
... endogenous lipids presented in the context of the nonpolymorphic, MHC class I–like CD1d molecules (6, 7). NKT-cell development requires thymic selection, similar to that of conventional T cells, which results in the release and expansion of a population of cells with the ability for specific antigen ...
... endogenous lipids presented in the context of the nonpolymorphic, MHC class I–like CD1d molecules (6, 7). NKT-cell development requires thymic selection, similar to that of conventional T cells, which results in the release and expansion of a population of cells with the ability for specific antigen ...
Slide 1
... Mentor, Dr. Andrew Taylor, Boston University School of Medicine Boston University, Boston, MA ...
... Mentor, Dr. Andrew Taylor, Boston University School of Medicine Boston University, Boston, MA ...
Immunotherapy for High-Risk and Metastatic Melanoma
... Autocrine T-cell growth factor – Produced exclusively by activated T cells – Predominantly CD-4+ (T-helper) lymphocytes ...
... Autocrine T-cell growth factor – Produced exclusively by activated T cells – Predominantly CD-4+ (T-helper) lymphocytes ...
Length of the Circulating T Cell Pool Cytomegalovirus Infection
... go through a number of divisions, forming a large pool of virus-specific, highly cytotoxic effector cells. After viral clearance, the pool of effector cells will decrease, leaving a relatively small pool of longlived memory cells. Although the primary immune response appears to be comparable for man ...
... go through a number of divisions, forming a large pool of virus-specific, highly cytotoxic effector cells. After viral clearance, the pool of effector cells will decrease, leaving a relatively small pool of longlived memory cells. Although the primary immune response appears to be comparable for man ...
Scientific Report 2011 - IRB
... At the beginning of the second decade of life, the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) has reached the main scientific objectives of becoming a research center for human immunology and biomedicine visible in the Swiss and international landscape. The last three years have witnessed an increas ...
... At the beginning of the second decade of life, the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB) has reached the main scientific objectives of becoming a research center for human immunology and biomedicine visible in the Swiss and international landscape. The last three years have witnessed an increas ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑