MICB 201- Learning Objectives
... Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli is a gram negative bacteria. There is a protein called FepA in the outer membrane that serves to transport siderophore-Fe(III) complex. There is a protein called FepB which is a periplasmic protein that carries siderophore-Fe(III) complex from the outer membrane prote ...
... Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli is a gram negative bacteria. There is a protein called FepA in the outer membrane that serves to transport siderophore-Fe(III) complex. There is a protein called FepB which is a periplasmic protein that carries siderophore-Fe(III) complex from the outer membrane prote ...
Proteomics investigation into cardiac endothelial
... • Tat associated with neural cell death and probable agent of HIV associated dementia • 2849 proteins were identified from SILAC treated cells which were either phosphoenriched or phospho-depleted (therefore reduced complexity of sample) • 17 up regulated and 72 down regulated proteins identified f ...
... • Tat associated with neural cell death and probable agent of HIV associated dementia • 2849 proteins were identified from SILAC treated cells which were either phosphoenriched or phospho-depleted (therefore reduced complexity of sample) • 17 up regulated and 72 down regulated proteins identified f ...
Notesheet
... 26. True or false: DNA that is not needed for a cell’s function is methylated to prevent it from being expressed. 27. True or false: as cells become specialized after conception, they become more and more methylated. 28. True or false: if DNA in cells were not methylated, a cell could not become spe ...
... 26. True or false: DNA that is not needed for a cell’s function is methylated to prevent it from being expressed. 27. True or false: as cells become specialized after conception, they become more and more methylated. 28. True or false: if DNA in cells were not methylated, a cell could not become spe ...
Directed Evolution - University of Illinois at Urbana
... protein functionality through repeated rounds of mutation and selection First used in the ‘70s Around .01-1% of all random mutations estimated to be beneficial Based off natural evolution processes, but in a much quicker timescale ...
... protein functionality through repeated rounds of mutation and selection First used in the ‘70s Around .01-1% of all random mutations estimated to be beneficial Based off natural evolution processes, but in a much quicker timescale ...
Engineering the Genetic Code. Expanding the Amino Acid Repertoire for... Design of Novel Proteins Brochure
... different methods and strategies to incorporate new or modified amino acids into proteins including a lot of practical advice for first–time users of these powerful approaches. Numerous examples, made possible by the expansion of the genetic code, are given in order to cover the entire spectrum of n ...
... different methods and strategies to incorporate new or modified amino acids into proteins including a lot of practical advice for first–time users of these powerful approaches. Numerous examples, made possible by the expansion of the genetic code, are given in order to cover the entire spectrum of n ...
Cube Biotech
... One advantage of the system is the high specificity of the antibody-epitope interaction. Epitope sequence and chain length are critical for binding. For example, replacing the third alanine with glycine which removes a single methyl group, eliminates binding. Likewise, the full 9-amino acid tag bind ...
... One advantage of the system is the high specificity of the antibody-epitope interaction. Epitope sequence and chain length are critical for binding. For example, replacing the third alanine with glycine which removes a single methyl group, eliminates binding. Likewise, the full 9-amino acid tag bind ...
Biomolecules and Nanotechnology
... is the compromise adopted by most cells. Error rates keep the chain length low, so larger proteins must be built as complexes of multiple protein chains. ...
... is the compromise adopted by most cells. Error rates keep the chain length low, so larger proteins must be built as complexes of multiple protein chains. ...
IV M R
... growth (extremely polarised) of Aspergillus, contrasting with those from the organisms frequently used for this kind of studies like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are differences exploited in this study. In filamentous fungi endocytosis not only plays an important role on recycling the cell plasma membr ...
... growth (extremely polarised) of Aspergillus, contrasting with those from the organisms frequently used for this kind of studies like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are differences exploited in this study. In filamentous fungi endocytosis not only plays an important role on recycling the cell plasma membr ...
Conservation of Primary Structure in Bacterial Ribosomal Protein
... Functional (Higo et al., 1973), immunological (Isono et al., 1973) and sequence data (Yaguchi et al., 1973) on the ribosomal proteins from various bacterial sources suggest considerable conservation of protein structure during the evolutionary development of the bacterial ribosome. To determine the ...
... Functional (Higo et al., 1973), immunological (Isono et al., 1973) and sequence data (Yaguchi et al., 1973) on the ribosomal proteins from various bacterial sources suggest considerable conservation of protein structure during the evolutionary development of the bacterial ribosome. To determine the ...
Steps in a Western blot
... In order to make the proteins accessible to antibody detection, they are moved from within the gel onto a membrane made of nitrocellulose or PVDF. The membrane is placed on top of the gel, and a stack of tissue papers placed on top of that. The entire stack is placed in a buffer solution which moves ...
... In order to make the proteins accessible to antibody detection, they are moved from within the gel onto a membrane made of nitrocellulose or PVDF. The membrane is placed on top of the gel, and a stack of tissue papers placed on top of that. The entire stack is placed in a buffer solution which moves ...
Protein replacement therapies
... • Inherited as a recessive X-linked trait in both cases (Mother would be an unaffected carrier) • Treated by administration of factor VIII or factor IX concentrates • Recombinant factor VIII or IX • Gene therapy trials ...
... • Inherited as a recessive X-linked trait in both cases (Mother would be an unaffected carrier) • Treated by administration of factor VIII or factor IX concentrates • Recombinant factor VIII or IX • Gene therapy trials ...
Gene Section CPEB4 (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4)
... described in Xenopus laevis oocytes, where they control translation of maternal mRNAs during meiosis by regulation of the length of the polyA tail (Hake and Richter, 1994). However, these proteins can be also found in other non-germ cells suggesting other functions for CPEBs (CostaMattioli et al., 2 ...
... described in Xenopus laevis oocytes, where they control translation of maternal mRNAs during meiosis by regulation of the length of the polyA tail (Hake and Richter, 1994). However, these proteins can be also found in other non-germ cells suggesting other functions for CPEBs (CostaMattioli et al., 2 ...
Protocol S4 – Clustering to define complexes, functional
... protein interactions in each network. Tuning of cluster granularity in MCL was adjusted by increasing gradually the ‘inflation parameter’, I, of MCL. At each value of I clusters were drawn, and the optimal I (structural optimization) was determined by generating a compromise between the cluster effi ...
... protein interactions in each network. Tuning of cluster granularity in MCL was adjusted by increasing gradually the ‘inflation parameter’, I, of MCL. At each value of I clusters were drawn, and the optimal I (structural optimization) was determined by generating a compromise between the cluster effi ...
Myosin (light chain)
... repeating structures, such as β-pleated sheets and α-helices • Tertiary structure = 3-dimensional shape of a folded polypeptide, maintained by disulfide bonds, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic effects • Quarternaty structure = several polypeptide chains associated together to form a functiona ...
... repeating structures, such as β-pleated sheets and α-helices • Tertiary structure = 3-dimensional shape of a folded polypeptide, maintained by disulfide bonds, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic effects • Quarternaty structure = several polypeptide chains associated together to form a functiona ...
Gene Duplication
... Originally, scientists assumed that these venomous proteins were ones that were already in the saliva. Over time, these proteins were thought to have become more toxic as the snakes were relying on them more and more to subdue their prey. Researchers have only recently started to study the genes tha ...
... Originally, scientists assumed that these venomous proteins were ones that were already in the saliva. Over time, these proteins were thought to have become more toxic as the snakes were relying on them more and more to subdue their prey. Researchers have only recently started to study the genes tha ...
Powerpoint file - Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity
... Pathogenomics Goal: Identify previously unrecognized mechanisms of microbial pathogenicity using a unique combination of informatics, evolutionary biology, microbiology and genetics. ...
... Pathogenomics Goal: Identify previously unrecognized mechanisms of microbial pathogenicity using a unique combination of informatics, evolutionary biology, microbiology and genetics. ...
Unit 3 Exam Enzymes REVIEW
... involved? What is the 1st law of thermodynamics? Give some examples from nature and class. What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics? Give some examples from nature and class. Protein Structure (3.6): How is a protein polymerized? What makes 1 protein different than another? Compare primary and tertiary ...
... involved? What is the 1st law of thermodynamics? Give some examples from nature and class. What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics? Give some examples from nature and class. Protein Structure (3.6): How is a protein polymerized? What makes 1 protein different than another? Compare primary and tertiary ...
Molecules of Life
... vegetable oil. All lipids are hydrophobic. This means that they do not mix with water. If you make salad dressing using oil and water, you can shake it to mix it but the oil and water will quickly separate again. This is because the oil (a lipid) is hydrophobic and does not mix with water. Proteins ...
... vegetable oil. All lipids are hydrophobic. This means that they do not mix with water. If you make salad dressing using oil and water, you can shake it to mix it but the oil and water will quickly separate again. This is because the oil (a lipid) is hydrophobic and does not mix with water. Proteins ...
CIP Posters with 2 logos - International Potato Center
... level of expression, but there are also transcripts that accumulate in large amounts in certain tissues or after biotic or abiotic stimuli (Figure 2). For example, the first transcript in Figure 2 has a relatively high expression across all treatments, with the highest expression in biotic stress tr ...
... level of expression, but there are also transcripts that accumulate in large amounts in certain tissues or after biotic or abiotic stimuli (Figure 2). For example, the first transcript in Figure 2 has a relatively high expression across all treatments, with the highest expression in biotic stress tr ...
Protein structure - LSU School of Medicine
... Primary sequence- The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide, listed from N-terminus to C-terminus. Secondary structure- Recurring structural feature of proteins stabilized exclusively by hydrogen bonds between peptide bond elements. Supersecondary structure- Recurring structural feature of proteins c ...
... Primary sequence- The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide, listed from N-terminus to C-terminus. Secondary structure- Recurring structural feature of proteins stabilized exclusively by hydrogen bonds between peptide bond elements. Supersecondary structure- Recurring structural feature of proteins c ...
Aim: Why are Enzymes necessary for our survival?
... Substrates- are the reactants that bind to the enzyme Active Site- is the place on the enzyme where the substrates bind ...
... Substrates- are the reactants that bind to the enzyme Active Site- is the place on the enzyme where the substrates bind ...
PowerPoint - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... 20 different AA’s used by ribosomes to make proteins The R group is the deciding factor as to what the AA is as all the amino and carboxyl ends are used in bonding the AA’s together There are some modifications to the AA in a polypeptide chain – proline modifies to hydroxyproline when in collagen – ...
... 20 different AA’s used by ribosomes to make proteins The R group is the deciding factor as to what the AA is as all the amino and carboxyl ends are used in bonding the AA’s together There are some modifications to the AA in a polypeptide chain – proline modifies to hydroxyproline when in collagen – ...
Biofilm Production in Clinical and Environmental Strains
... – Classical approaches, search for/study of one system at a time – or – Genome-wide approach using information such as that generated from the Streptococcus mutans UA159 genome sequencing project ...
... – Classical approaches, search for/study of one system at a time – or – Genome-wide approach using information such as that generated from the Streptococcus mutans UA159 genome sequencing project ...
Biology 12 - OISE-IS-BIOLOGY-2011-2012
... reactions required to maintain normal cellular function. ...
... reactions required to maintain normal cellular function. ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.