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SG Earth Layers
SG Earth Layers

... mantle: dense layer directly below the crust; made of hot molten rock; divided into upper & lower region outer core: only truly liquid layer of the Earth’s interior; made of mostly iron & nickel inner core: extremely hot, solid sphere at center of Earth lithosphere: part of mantle; slow moving plate ...
1 Pc2 EMIC waves generated high off the equator in the dayside 2
1 Pc2 EMIC waves generated high off the equator in the dayside 2

... ©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 0094-8276/12/2012GL053082 ...
Chapter 7 Study Guide
Chapter 7 Study Guide

... 1. Which wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases? P-wave 2. Which wave can travel only through a solid? S-wave 3. Which wave travels the fastest? P-wave 4. Which wave is the surface wave? L-wave 5. Which measure the magnitude “strength” of an earthquake? Richter Scale 6. Which measure the ...
Earth`s Interior 08
Earth`s Interior 08

... Geologists did research with seismic waves Concluded that the Earth’s interior is layered. ...
name________________________
name________________________

... A. THE RECORDED INFORMATION OF CRUSTAL MOVEMENT B. THE INSTRUMENT USED TO DETECT CRUSTAL MOVEMENT C. SEISMOLOGIST’S WEIGHT LOSS DURING AN EARTHQUAKE D. GRANNY’S EXERCISE PROGRAM 2. AN OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF AN EARTHQUAKE IS THE A. MODIFIED MERCALLI SCALE B. RICHTER SCALE ...
Observing Convection Currents - Science
Observing Convection Currents - Science

... current of heat flows through the magma from the core to the crust. This movement of heat is called convection. Convection also takes place in the mantle in a current. This convection current starts out as very hot magma near the core, http://geomag.usgs.gov/images/earth.jpg and cools down as it mov ...
7a earthquakes
7a earthquakes

... Seismic Waves …are waves of energy that travel through the Earth as a result of an earthquake ...
Waves - compcolts
Waves - compcolts

... What are surface waves? • Surface waves- are the P and S waves that reach the earth’s crust. • Speed of surface waves are reduced by 10%. They travel at 4 km/s. • They are Rayleigh and Love waves. • Rayleigh waves- rolls along the surface in a circular motion, like an ocean wave. This is most of t ...
Study Guide / Notes 11
Study Guide / Notes 11

... Shadow Zone. (see p.234) 12. The depth to the inner/outer core boundary is determined by the travel times of P-waves that travel through the outer core, are reflected off the inner/outer core boundary, and return. (see p.235) ...
What is an earthquake?
What is an earthquake?

... • A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground • The first wave to arrive at an earthquake…the fastest type of wave http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm ...
Earth`s Interior
Earth`s Interior

... minerals (also magnesium, silicon) 3.  surrounded by crust of relatively light silicon-rich minerals. (You are here.) Earth is differentiated. ...
SUBDUCTION boundaries
SUBDUCTION boundaries

... Zones occur on which plate, The subducting or Overriding plate? ...
Earthquakes - staffordscience
Earthquakes - staffordscience

... How long would it take P waves moving at 6.1 km/s to travel 100 km? How long would it take P waves to travel 200 km? S waves move at 4.1 km/s. 100 km? 200 km? What is the time lag between the arrival of P waves and S waves over a distance of 100 km? 200? ...
Seafloor Spreading and Paleomagnetism
Seafloor Spreading and Paleomagnetism

... the continents to move • Wegener suggested rotation of the Earth, but physicists said no • Wegener also thought the continents plowed through ocean floor but there was no evidence for that ...
Section_38_Dynamos_0..
Section_38_Dynamos_0..

... galactic fields. However, this is not the case for smaller astronomical bodies, such as the earth. The age of the earth is estimated to be about 4.5  109 years (the age of the solar system), but the resistive diffusion time is only 1.5  10 4 years, a difference of over 5 orders of magnitude. Any p ...
ALLAN SACHA BRUN Head of the Laboratory on Dynamics
ALLAN SACHA BRUN Head of the Laboratory on Dynamics

... - Zahn, J.-P., Brun, A.S., Mathis, S. 2007, ``On magnetic instabilities and dynamo action in stellar radiation zones’’, A&A, 474, 145 - Miesch, M.S., Brun, A.S., Derosa, M. , Toomre, J. 2008, “Structure and evolution of giant cells in global models of solar convection’’, ApJ, 673, 557 - Brun, A.S. & ...
Student Notes
Student Notes

... ●A current flows in one direction and connects one place with another. ●The largest current: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current -24,000 km long. ●Currents important to Newfoundland and Labrador: the Gulf Stream and the Labrador Current. ...


... Explain convection currents and how it contributes to the movement of the plates. Be sure to explain where the energy comes from to make this process happen. The inner core is so hot that it heats up the other layers. The “puttylike” layer of the asthenosphere slowly moves – as particles get heated ...
Chapter 9: Plate Tectonics Review
Chapter 9: Plate Tectonics Review

... internal structure of Earth. Seismic waves are sound waves that may be generated by earthquakes. • Primary waves, also known as P-waves, are longitudinal waves and can travel through both solids and liquids. • Secondary waves, also called S-waves, are transverse waves that only travel through solids ...
Topic 5
Topic 5

... 5. Why is it important to know that some waves go through liquid and others do not? - We need to consider these aspects when designing buildings and deciding where to build 6. It is possible to determine the location of an earthquake by the intervals between P and Secondary waves. The further apart ...
What are Earthquakes?
What are Earthquakes?

... Click Here for animation! ...
Earth Interior
Earth Interior

... Background: Scientists have learned about the physical structure of Earth’s interior by measuring seismic waves. Seismic waves are an example of traveling waves, or mechanical waves that travel through a medium. Sound waves are the most familiar example of traveling waves. The speed of sound within ...
Twin-Double Layer Structure Producing Tailward Ion
Twin-Double Layer Structure Producing Tailward Ion

... keV. The latter is a property of the circuit; a cross-scale coupling is effectuated in the Earth’s magnetotail through the circuit current. Therefore, the proposed circuit model with the twin-DL structure reveals the physical mechanism producing the electromotive force (for the intra-magnetosphere d ...
Magma Supply Vs Magma Plumbing
Magma Supply Vs Magma Plumbing

... faults, planar zones of deformation within the Earth's upper crust. The word earthquake is also widely used to indicate the source region itself.” - Wikipedia • Earthquakes radiate two types of seismic waves body waves that travel through the earth and surface waves that travel over it. There are tw ...
∫ Formation of a Local Atmospheric Electric Field
∫ Formation of a Local Atmospheric Electric Field

... the potential is equalized for a rather short time) is about 60 km. Hence, the AEF inhomogeneity on the Earth’s surface caused by the inhomogeneity of poten tial distribution over the “equalizing” layer should also be of a similar size, which should be considered as the regional scale. There can be ...
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Ionospheric dynamo region

In the height region between about 85 and 200 km altitude on Earth, the ionospheric plasma is electrically conducting. Atmospheric tidal winds due to differential solar heating or due to gravitational lunar forcing move the ionospheric plasma against the geomagnetic field lines thus generating electric fields and currents just like a dynamo coil moving against magnetic field lines. That region is therefore called ionospheric dynamo region. The magnetic manifestation of these electric currents on the ground can be observed during magnetospheric quiet conditions. They are called Sq-variations (S=solar; q=quiet) and L-variations (L=lunar) of the geomagnetic field.Additional electric currents are generated by the varying magnetospheric electric convection field. These are the DP1-currents (the auroral electrojets) and the polar DP2-currents. Finally, a polar-ring current has been derived from the observations which depends on the polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field. These geomagnetic variations belong to the so-called external part of the geomagnetic field. Their amplitudes reach at most about 1% of the main internal geomagnetic field Bo.
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